Condensed Tannin Relationships with In Vitro Forage Quality Analyses for Birdsfoot Trefoil

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

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Divergence between purified hydrolysable and condensed tannin effects on methane emission, rumen fermentation and microbial population in vitro

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Anuraga Jayanegara ◽

Gunjan Goel ◽

Harinder P.S. Makkar ◽

Klaus Becker

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Rumen Fermentation

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Strong antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of aqueous extract from Algerian Hammada elegans (Bge.) Botsch (Chenopodiaceae)

Current Enzyme Inhibition ◽

10.2174/1573408017666210419115739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Brahim Asseli ◽

Reguia Mahfoudi ◽

Amar Djeridane ◽

Mohamed Yousfi

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Vitro Assay

Background: Research on medicinal plant antioxidants has emerged as a potential therapeutic to prevent free radical generated damage in the human body. Hammada elegans Botsch (popularly known as “Ajram”) is a xerophytic plant widely found in Laghouat region, but there are only a few reports about the biological or chemical properties of these species. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and the antihemolytic activities of hexanic, acetonic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Algerian Hammada elegans Botsch by employing different in vitro assay systems. Methods: The total phenolic content, the flavonoid content and the condensed tannin amount were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin assays, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by CUPRAC, iron chelating, ABTS•+and antihemolytic assays, and was expressed as EC50 values. Results: Among the analyzed extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. Also, this extract displayed the highest antioxidant capacities compared to the other extracts and standards. Its EC50 value for ABTS radical-scavenging activity was 0.265 ± 0.003 mg/L. Moreover, this extract showed high iron (II) chelating ability (EC50 = 0.958 ± 0.001 mg/L), and good antioxidant activity in the cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC) in a concentration dependent manner (EC50 were 0.709 ± 0.002 mg/L). Additionally, this extract had the best antihemolytic activity against AAPH-induced hemolysis (EC50=0.090 ± 0.004 mg/L). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the aqueous extract of Hammada elegans Botsch, is a potential source of antioxidants which possess a high protective effect of membrane against free radical.

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Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽

A. R. F. Lucena ◽

T. V. C. Nascimento ◽

L. M. L. Moura ◽

P. D. R. Marcelino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

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VARIATION IN DIGESTIBILITY DECLINE WITH ADVANCE IN MATURITY AMONG TIMOTHY (Phleum pratense L.) GENOTYPES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-046 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. R. McELROY ◽

B. R. CHRISTIE

Keyword(s):

Forage Quality ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Single Population ◽

Population Mean ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Selection For ◽

Phleum Pratense L

The in vitro digestibility (IVD) of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) declines with advance in maturity. Forage quality reductions resulting from late harvesting could be minimized by developing cultivars with reduced IVD decline during maturation. This study examines variation for IVD decline among timothy genotypes. Clones originating from a single population were grown in simulated swards (100 plants m−2) at two Ontario locations in 1980 and 1981. Harvests were made every 5–6 d from early heading to late anthesis. Relative IVD declines were determined by regressing genotype performance on the population mean over several harvests. Considerable variation was found for relative IVD decline, but this parameter was not associated with IVD at early heading. Genotypes were identified which showed high IVD at heading and a 20% reduction in digestibility decline from heading to late anthesis. Changes in IVD were not associated with changes in the leaf content of forage. It is concluded that selection for reduced IVD decline, in addition to high digestibility at heading, might result in a 2–3% unit increase at anthesis.Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., in vitro digestibility, IVD, IVD decline

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Yield and quality of Maralfalfa forage during long days on three dairy farms in northern Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v98i2.2516 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 169-177

Author(s):

Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽

Yamil Quijano-Cabrera ◽

Raúl Macchiavelli

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Harvest Intervals

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality performance of Maralfalfa forage obtained at six harvest intervals (HI; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 d) on three dairies in northern Puerto Rico during the long day season. The 40-day harvest interval was significantly (P < 0.05) inferior in dry matter yield to those of 60, 80, and 90 days; no significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield were observed among intervals of 40, 50 and 70 days. The 40-day interval showed the highest forage quality as indicated by crude protein content, digestibility in vitro of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and estimated net energy, index of relative forage quality and theoretical milk production. Although significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in some of these criteria between 40- and 50-day harvest intervals, the latter maintained a good nutritional value in contrast to drastic losses in quality observed with the longer harvest intervals under study. The simple regression equations between digestibility in vitro of dry matter and of neutral detergent fiber versus harvest interval showed a decrease in digestibility of 2.7 and 3.0 percentage points for each additional 10 days of harvest interval, respectively.

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The effects of essential oil and condensed tannin on fermentation and methane production under in vitro conditions

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brittany Pinski ◽

Mevlüt Günal ◽

Amer A. AbuGhazaleh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methane Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Tannin Extract ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

N Concentration ◽

Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The potential of five different essential oils (EO) and quebracho condensed tannin extract (QCT) as antimethanogenic additives in ruminant feeds were investigated. The first experiment was conducted to screen the effects rosemary oil, sage oil, cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil and myrrh oil at 500 mg/L of culture fluid on methane (CH4) production under in vitro conditions. Rumen contents were collected from a cannulated Holstein dairy cow and used for a 24-h batch-culture experiment. Treatments were a control (CON) or CON plus EO at 500 mg/L. Results showed that CNO decreased CH4 production and, therefore, was selected for Experiment 2. The second experiment was designed to test the effects of CNO at three different dose levels on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch-culture experiments. Treatments were CON or CON plus CNO supplemented at 125, 250 and 500 mg/L. Relative to CON, CNO decreased total gas production at the 250 and 500 mg/L doses. All doses of CNO decreased CH4 production. Total volatile fatty acid production was lower in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. Ammonia-N concentration decreased in cultures incubated with CNO at the 500 mg/L. The third experiment was designed to test the effects of QCT on CH4 production and fermentation in 24-h batch cultures. Treatments were CON or CON plus QCT at 25, 50 and 75 g/kg of diet DM. Relative to CON, total volatile fatty acid concentration increased with the 50 g/kg QCT, but was similar to the 25 and 75 g/kg QCT. The proportions of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate increased with the 25 g/kg QCT compared with CON. Methane production was not affected in cultures incubated with QCT. Relative to CON, all doses of QCT decreased ammonia-N concentration. In conclusion, results from the present study showed that except for CNO, EO tested in the study had no effects on rumen CH4 production. Addition of CNO to rumen cultures at 125 and 250 mg/L reduced CH4 production without negative effects on rumen fermentation. Quebracho condensed tannin-extract supplementation had no effects on CH4 production and fermentation parameters except for ammonia-N concentration.

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