Relationships between Soybean Seed Cell Wall Polysaccharides, Yield, and Seed Traits

AbstractMethanol accumulates in maturing seeds, correlating with preharvest deterioration. Since the source of methanol may be from pectin de-methylation, methanol, cell wall uronic acid, pectin methyl esterification, pectinesterase (PE; EC 3.1.1.11) activity, and neutral sugar composition and partitioning of cell wall polysaccharides were determined during soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merrill) seed development, maturation, and desiccationin planta. Axis cell wall polysaccharides were more easily solubilized, richer in uronic acid, rhamnose, and xylose, and less rich in galactose than cotyledon cell wall polysaccharides. Methanol accumulated to 9.7 μg per two cotyledons and 0.5 μg per axis; total methanol decreased to 3 μg per two cotyledons during loss of green color. Total uronic acid increased from 0.12 to 0.27 mg per axis and 0.9 to 4 mg per cotyledon between 24 and 50 days after flowering (DAF). After loss of green color, pectin methyl esterification in axes increased from 7 to 24 mole% between 50 and 60 DAF but decreased to 14 mole%by 62 DAF in latter stages of seed desiccation. In cotyledons, methyl esterification ranged from 25 to 40 mole% and was 31 mole% after desiccation. PE activity increased 100 fold in axes, including a 30-fold increase in activity after loss of green color at 46 DAF. Cotyledon PE activity was 40-fold higher than in axes at 24 DAF, declined 75% by 56 DAF, and then increased 5 fold during desiccation. Pectin methyl de-esterification by PE is sufficient to be the sole source for methanol accumulation in seed tissues during development and maturation.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure and dynamics of Brachypodium primary cell wall polysaccharides from two-dimensional (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718346844.793493764 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Cosgrove

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Solid State ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Primary Cell Wall ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Structure And Dynamics

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Developmental changes in collenchyma cell-wall polysaccharides in celery (Apium graveolens L.) petioles

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1648-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Da Chen ◽

Laurence D. Melton ◽

Zoran Zujovic ◽

Philip J. Harris

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides

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Effects of postharvest ripening on physicochemical properties, microstructure, cell wall polysaccharides contents (pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose) and nanostructure of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Food Hydrocolloids ◽

10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106808 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106808

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

A.S. Mujumdar ◽

Xinwen Jin ◽

Zi-Liang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Postharvest Ripening

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The role of cell wall polysaccharides disassembly in Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced disease occurrence and softening of fresh longan fruit

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 351 ◽

pp. 129294

Author(s):

Yazhen Chen ◽

Shen Zhang ◽

Hetong Lin ◽

Wangjin Lu ◽

Hui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Disease Occurrence

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Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1263

Author(s):

David Stuart Thompson ◽

Azharul Islam

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Water Content ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Degree Of Hydration ◽

Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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The expansin EXP1 gene in the elongation zone is induced during soybean embryonic axis germination and differentially expressed in response to ABA and PEG treatments

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258520000379 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nidia H. Montechiarini ◽

Luciana Delgado ◽

Eligio N. Morandi ◽

Néstor J. Carrillo ◽

Carlos O. Gosparini

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Water Availability ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Embryonic Axis ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Elongation Zone ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Embryonic Axes

Abstract During soybean seed germination, the expansive growth potential of the embryonic axes is driven by water uptake while cell wall loosening occurs in cells from the elongation zone (EZ). Expansins are regarded as primary promoters of cell wall remodelling in all plant expansion processes, with the expression profiles of the soybean expansins supporting their cell or tissue specificity. Therefore, we used embryonic axes isolated from whole seed and focused on the EZ to study seed germination. Using a suite of degenerate primers, we amplified an abundantly expressed expansin gene at the EZ during soybean embryonic axis germination, which was identified as EXP1 by in silico analyses. Expression studies showed that EXP1 was induced under germination conditions in distilled water and down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits soybean germination by physiologically restraining expansion. Moreover, we also identified a time window of ABA responsiveness within the first 6 h of incubation in water, after which ABA lost control of both EXP1 expression and embryonic axis germination, thus confirming the early role of EXP1 in the EZ during this process. By contrast, EXP1 levels in the EZ increased even when germination was impaired by osmotically limiting the water availability required to develop the embryonic axes’ growth potential. We propose that these higher EXP1 levels are involved in the fast germination of soybean embryonic axes as soon as water availability is re-established. Taken together, our results show strong EXP1 expression in the EZ and postulate EXP1 as a target candidate for soybean seed germination control.

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PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3077

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Hao ◽

Xiaolu Wang ◽

Haomeng Yang ◽

Tao Tu ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

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