Radioactive Phosphorus and the Growth and Metabolic Activities of Soil Microorganisms1

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

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Artificial cells containing sustainable energy conversion engines

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 573-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kwanwoo Shin

Keyword(s):

Energy Conversion ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Living Cells ◽

Energy Transduction ◽

Artificial Cells ◽

Energy Conversion Process ◽

Metabolic Reactions ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Living cells naturally maintain a variety of metabolic reactions via energy conversion mechanisms that are coupled to proton transfer across cell membranes, thereby producing energy-rich compounds. Until now, researchers have been unable to maintain continuous biochemical reactions in artificially engineered cells, mainly due to the lack of mechanisms that generate energy-rich resources, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). If these metabolic activities in artificial cells are to be sustained, reliable energy transduction strategies must be realized. In this perspective, this article discusses the development of an artificially engineered cell containing a sustainable energy conversion process.

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DETERMINATION OF THYROTROPHIN BY MEANS OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0030331 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 331-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

ULF BORELL ◽

HJALMAR HOLMGREN

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Phosphorus

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SiO2 Entrapment of Animal Cells for Hybrid Bioartificial Organs

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-628-cc10.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 628 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giovanni Carturan ◽

Renzo Dal Monte ◽

Maurizio Muraca

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Porous Silica ◽

Collagen Matrix ◽

Homogeneous Layer ◽

Animal Cells ◽

Bioartificial Organs ◽

Liver And Pancreas ◽

Encapsulation Method ◽

Metabolic Activities

ABSTRACTSi-alkoxides in gas phase are reactive towards the surface of animal cells, depositing a homogeneous layer of porous silica. This encapsulation method preserves cell viability and does not alter the hindrance of the biological load.In the prospective use for the design of a hybrid bioartificial liver, hepatocytes in a collagen matrix can be entrapped by the siliceous deposit which provides definite mechanical stability to the collagen matrix and molecular cutoff vs. high molecular weight proteins, including immunoglobulins. The functionality of the encapsulated cell load is maintained for the expressions of typical liver and pancreas metabolic activities.

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THE ROLE OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-3-KINASE IN CARCINOGENESIS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-4-545-556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 545-556

Author(s):

Natalya Oskina ◽

Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽

Maksim Filipenko ◽

Nikolay Kushlinskiy ◽

L. Ovchinnikova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Disease ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Somatic Mutations ◽

Pi3k Pathway ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽

Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Carcinogenic Process

Currently it is established that cancer is a genetic disease and that somatic mutations are the initiators of the carcinogenic process. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway regulating the cell growth and metabolic activities. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is commonly observed in many different cancers. In this review we analyze the genetic alterations of PI3K pathway in a variety of human malignancies and discuss their possible implications for diagnosis and therapy.

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Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.612875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Xupeng Yuan ◽

Jiahao Yan ◽

Ruizhi Hu ◽

Yanli Li ◽

Ying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

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Integrating Biosensors in Organs-on-Chip Devices: A Perspective on Current Strategies to Monitor Microphysiological Systems

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios10090110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erika Ferrari ◽

Cecilia Palma ◽

Simone Vesentini ◽

Paola Occhetta ◽

Marco Rasponi

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Biological Models ◽

Electromechanical Properties ◽

Human Organs ◽

Tissue Constructs ◽

Microphysiological Systems ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

On Chip ◽

Chip Analysis

Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their unprecedented ability to recapitulate key features of the native cellular environments, they represent promising tools for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. The achievement of proper functionalities within OoC is crucial; to this purpose, several parameters (e.g., chemical, physical) need to be assessed. Currently, most approaches rely on off-chip analysis and imaging techniques. However, the urgent demand for continuous, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of tissue constructs requires the direct integration of biosensors. In this review, we focus on recent strategies to miniaturize and embed biosensing systems into organs-on-chip platforms. Biosensors for monitoring biological models with metabolic activities, models with tissue barrier functions, as well as models with electromechanical properties will be described and critically evaluated. In addition, multisensor integration within multiorgan platforms will be further reviewed and discussed.

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STUDIES WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS OF THE CHANGES IN THE ACID-SOLUBLE PHOSPHATES IN THE LIVER COINCIDENT TO ALTERATIONS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51136-4 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. 525-542

Author(s):

Nathan O. Kaplan ◽

David M. Greenberg

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Radioactive Phosphorus

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RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS AS AN INDICATOR OF PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)73855-6 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 493-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G.W. Changus ◽

I.L. Chaikoff ◽

S. Ruben

Keyword(s):

Phospholipid Metabolism ◽

Radioactive Phosphorus

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Combined chemotherapy and EUS-guided intra-tumoral 32-P implantation for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a pilot study

Endoscopy ◽

10.1055/a-1353-0941 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeevinesh Naidu ◽

Dylan Bartholomeusz ◽

Joshua Zobel ◽

Romina Safaeian ◽

William Hsieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locally Advanced ◽

Adelaide Hospital ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Resection Margins ◽

R0 Resection ◽

Royal Adelaide Hospital ◽

Combined Chemotherapy ◽

Radioactive Phosphorus ◽

18Fdg Pet

Aim: This study evaluated clinical outcomes of combined chemotherapy and Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) guided intra-tumoral radioactive phosphorus-32 (32P OncoSil) implantation in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC). Methods: Consecutive patients with a new histological diagnosis of LAPC were recruited over 20 months. Baseline CT and 18FDG PET-CT were performed and repeated after 12 weeks to assess response to treatment. Following 2 cycles of conventional chemotherapy, patients underwent EUS-guided 32P OncoSil implantation followed by a further six cycles of chemotherapy. Results: Twelve patients with LAPC (8M:4F; median age 69 years, IQR 61.5-73.3) completed the treatment. Technical success was 100% and no procedural complications were reported. At 12 weeks, there was a median reduction of 8.2cm3 (95% CI 4.95-10.85; p=0.003) in tumour volume, with minimal or no 18FDG uptake in 9 (75%) patients. Tumour downstaging was achieved in 6 (50%) patients, leading to successful resection in 5 (42%) patients, of which 4 patients (80%) had clear (R0) resection margins. Conclusions: EUS guided 32P OncoSil implantation is feasible and well tolerated and was associated with a 42% rate of surgical resection in our cohort. However, further evaluation in a larger randomized multicenter trial is warranted. (32P funded by OncoSil Medical Ltd, equipment and staff funded by the Royal Adelaide Hospital, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03003078).

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