Is Collaboration a Good Investment? Modeling the Impact of Government Support for Nonprofit Collaborative Watershed Management Councils.

This study aims to obtain a description related to the learning of PAI by using ICT and how the impact of the use of ICT on PAI learning systems in the classroom. The research method uses a qualitative approach in the integrated Islamic high school Ummul Quro Bogor, West Java. The results showed that a) there were four stages of using ICT in the learning process, namely; emerging, applying, integrating dan transforming. PAI teachers are already at the integrating stage. In other words, ICT has been integrated into the PAI learning curriculum. b) supporting factors for the use of ICT are the existence of ICT support facilities, the availability of qualified educators, the commitment of the school to implement ICT in every PAI learning. c) Inhibiting factors in the use of ICT are aspects of financing ICT facilities require a large budget. Some elderly teachers have difficulty using ICT in the learning process. Besides, the internet network is unstable. d) The impact of the use of ICT is very significant on PAI learning process. e) the existence of ICT devices not only as a support but already as an important component in the education system. The research led to the recommendation of the need for government support in the form of concern for ICT in terms of policies, facilities, workforce, budget, and organizing training in the use of ICT for PAI teachers to improve their professionalism. Therefore, further research is suggested regarding the effectiveness of the use of ICT in the learning process of PAI.

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Exhibition and Trade Fair Activity and Economic Crises: response measures and factors for recovery

Communicology ◽

10.21453/2311-3065-2020-8-2-80-89 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

A.A. Nazarov

Keyword(s):

Trade Fair ◽

Government Support ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Multiplier Effect ◽

Response Measures ◽

The Impact ◽

Exhibition Industry

The paper represents the analysis of the impact on the exhibition and trade fair activity of the Russian Federation during crisis situations caused by external factors. The author examined the major anticrisis measures, industry statistics and the main trends in the postcrisis phase. The fundamental role of the exhibition industry as a tool is caused by stimulation of economic sectors recovery from the crisis due to the multiplier effect. The particular relevance of the article is justified by a comprehensive study of the state of the industry during the current crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The author provides an overview of main government support measures for the industry and explains factors that have reduced some of these measures. Also, the author examined in detail activities of non-governmental organizations and associations of the exhibition industry in lobbying for the provision of state support and educational and legal assistance to Russian exhibition companies. Thus, the importance of coordinating activities of all participants in the exhibition industry and, in particular, further consolidation of interaction at the level of industry associations, becomes apparent. Besides, the author suggests a number of measures, such as highlighting exhibitions, trade fairs and congresses from the list of mass events following the example of Germany, introducing insurability for exhibition organizers in case of postponement or cancellation of events due to emergency circumstances, standardizing public health and hygiene rules. Their practical application should mitigate the way out of the current situation.

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Impact of the municipal merger on watershed management: a study of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan

Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science ◽

10.1007/s41685-021-00190-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takeshi Mizunoya ◽

Noriko Nozaki ◽

Rajeev Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Watershed Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Water Environment ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Pollution Reduction ◽

Lake Kasumigaura ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn the early 2000s, Japan instituted the Great Heisei Consolidation, a national strategy to promote large-scale municipal mergers. This study analyzes the impact that this strategy could have on watershed management. We select the Lake Kasumigaura Basin, the second largest lake in Japan, for the case study and construct a dynamic expanded input–output model to simulate the ecological system around the Lake, the socio-environmental changes over the period, and their mutual dependency for the period 2012–2020. In the model, we regulate and control the following water pollutants: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand. The results show that a trade-off between economic activity and the environment can be avoided within a specific range of pollution reduction, given that the prefectural government implements optimal water environment policies, assuming that other factors constraining economic growth exist. Additionally, municipal mergers are found to significantly reduce the budget required to improve the water environment, but merger budget efficiency varies nonlinearly with the reduction rate. Furthermore, despite the increase in financial efficiency from the merger, the efficiency of installing domestic wastewater treatment systems decreases drastically beyond a certain pollution reduction level and eventually reaches a limit. Further reductions require direct regulatory instruments in addition to economic policies, along with limiting the output of each industry. Most studies on municipal mergers apply a political, administrative, or financial perspective; few evaluate the quantitative impact of municipal mergers on the environment and environmental policy implications. This study addresses these gaps.

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Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22703-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Laborde ◽

Abdullah Mamun ◽

Will Martin ◽

Valeria Piñeiro ◽

Rob Vos

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Government Support ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

High Emission ◽

The Government ◽

Agriculture And Food ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Emissions

AbstractAgricultural production is strongly affected by and a major contributor to climate change. Agriculture and land-use change account for a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture receives around US$600 billion per year worldwide in government support. No rigorous quantification of the impact of this support on GHG emissions has been available. This article helps fill the void. Here, we find that, while over the years the government support has incentivized the development of high-emission farming systems, at present, the support only has a small impact in terms of inducing additional global GHG emissions from agricultural production; partly because support is not systematically biased towards high-emission products, and partly because support generated by trade protection reduces demand for some high-emission products by raising their consumer prices. Substantially reducing GHG emissions from agriculture while safeguarding food security requires a more comprehensive revamping of existing support to agriculture and food consumption.

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Research on Cooperative Innovation Behavior of Industrial Cluster Based on Subject Adaptability

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2016/3069065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaohui Jia ◽

Minghui Jiang ◽

Lei Shi

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Industrial Cluster ◽

Industrial Clusters ◽

Government Support ◽

Correlated Equilibrium ◽

Game Model ◽

Cooperative Innovation ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

From the perspective of the interactive cooperation among subjects, this paper portrays the process of cooperative innovation in industrial cluster, in order to capture the correlated equilibrium relationship among them. Through the utilization of two key tools, evolutionary stable strategy and replicator dynamics equations, this paper considers the cost and gains of cooperative innovation and the amount of government support as well as other factors to build and analyze a classic evolutionary game model. On this basis, the subject’s own adaptability is introduced, which is regarded as the system noise in the stochastic evolutionary game model so as to analyze the impact of adaptability on the game strategy selection. The results show that, in the first place, without considering subjects’ adaptability, their cooperation in industrial clusters depends on the cost and gains of innovative cooperation, the amount of government support, and some conditions that can promote cooperation, namely, game steady state. In the second place after the introduction of subjects’ adaptability, it will affect both game theory selection process and time, which means that the process becomes more complex, presents the nonlinear characteristics, and helps them to make faster decisions in their favor, but the final steady state remains unchanged.

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FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN SMALL BUSINESS MODEL AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series Economics Management Law ◽

10.28995/2073-6304-2021-1-71-85 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-85

Author(s):

Natal’ya E. Egorova ◽

Keyword(s):

Small Business ◽

Business Model ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Bank Lending ◽

Structural Instability ◽

Government Support ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Development Levels ◽

The Impact

The article analyzes the quantitative and structural stability of Russian small business and identifies the model features of its functioning. It investigates the dynamics of development of Russian small business is investigated and notes a downward trend in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises over the past two years. A conclusion is drawn that the quantitative indicators reflecting its functioning are highly sensitive to the negative effects of the macroeconomic environment. The author introduces a concept of the small business heterogeneity and brings up its structural characteristics, represented by various categories of small and medium-sized firms. Comparative analysis of the Russian small business model with foreign small business confirms its quantitative and structural instability. That makes the considered sector of the national economy vulnerable to shocks (externalities), including the COVID-19 pandemic. It is assumed that the negative consequences of the pandemic will affect Russian small businesses more than foreign ones, and the gap in their development levels will widen. An assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Russian small business and a forecast of its development are made in the context of limited government support and the absence of active bank lending.

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Strategizing food security: Natural and economic environment for the agricultural sector's advancement

Regional Economics Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/re.19.6.1034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1034-1052

Author(s):

Denis Yu. SAMYGIN

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Government Support ◽

Climate Forcing ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact ◽

Production Conditions

Subject. This article examines the impact of the natural and economic conditions and factors of Russia's regions on the development of agriculture. Objectives. The article aims to assess the role of climate forcing in the development of agriculture. Methods. For the study, I used the binning technique. An author-developed spatial database of Russia's regions for 2017–2019 was used as an information resource. The cadastral value of one hectare of agricultural land was used as an analytical expression of the natural and economic conditions of business activities. Results. The article describes a directly proportional dependence of and relationships between natural-and-economic conditions and achieved results in the production and consumption of quality products per capita. Conclusions. It is advisable to increase the amount of government support for regions with unfavorable production conditions, develop the competitive potential of the majority of farms in relation to products that are profitable for producers and consumers.

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Research on Green Innovation of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group Based on Network

Land ◽

10.3390/land10111198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Wenzhong Ye ◽

Lingming Chen

Keyword(s):

Network Structure ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Government Support ◽

Green Innovation ◽

Urban Agglomerations ◽

Network Scale ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

The Impact ◽

City Group

This article aims to promote the high-quality development of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and improve the green innovation efficiency of urban agglomeration. This article takes green innovation in networked urban agglomerations as its research subject. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of network structure characteristics such as network scale and network structure hole on green innovation in urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study uses the unexpected output SBM model to measure green innovation efficiency of the eight prefecture-level cities in the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group from 2012 to 2018 and analyzes its influencing factors using the panel Tobit model. The results show that the overall green innovation efficiency of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group is stable. The distribution of urban green innovation efficiency in the region is characterized by urban gradient and mid-stream drive. In the process of networked innovation, economic development, which has a positive impact on green innovation, promotes the overall effectiveness of the network structure. The low efficiency of urban educational resources, which has a negative impact on green innovation, leads to the redundancy of a network scale. The unapparent advantage of industrial structures, which have a negative impact on the development of green innovation, leads to the insufficient depth and breadth of network openness. Lastly, government support and the level of infrastructure have no impact on green innovation.

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