scholarly journals Role of bad road season in the formation of surface sediment runoff in urban environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Fedorovich TETERIN ◽  
◽  
Andrian Anatol’evich SELEZNEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Sediment Runoff

Problem Statement. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to study the processes of contemporary sedimentation in urban area, which reduce the quality of urban environment and have negative impact on the environmental state. The objective of the study is to determine the role of bad road periods in fall, spring, and summer. The material for the study is represented by the meteorological data for the period from fall 2005 to summer 2019. Meteorological conditions were analyzed in the context of formation of surface sediment runoff in bad road periods. The study was conducted on the example of Ekaterinburg (Russia). The following meteorological conditions were analyzed: time of the start, end and duration of bad road period, the thermal regime, precipitation, and the state of soil surface. Results. It was found that the climate changes in winter and spring led to a change in the regime of thawing. Spring thaw begins earlier relative to average start dates. The duration of bad road period in fall has increased by a month, it began to start earlier and end later relative to average dates. Excess atmospheric precipitations and low temperature contribute to an increase in the bad road period. In summer bad road period, the air temperature decreases and the amount of precipitation increases. For the beginning and middle of the spring, the end of autumn bad road period, the state of the surface of soils is characterized by snow cover. At the end of spring and at the beginning of autumn thaw, the moist state of the soil surface prevails. In spring thaw, the soil moisturizing was noted more often than in fall. In the spring and autumn thaw, the maximum overmoistening of soils takes place, the maximum amount of dirt is formed in Ekaterinburg. The results can be used in planning the measures to improve the environmental situation in the urban areas.

scholarly journals Exploring practical use of Garden ring in radial-circular layout of Moscow, typology of greening and normative balance indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
P.V. Kopylov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
State Program ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Balance Indicator ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

The article examines the current dynamics of the development of the Garden Ring, and the state program of repairs «My street» in Moscow. For the purpose of analysis and typology of individual divisions of the highway into segments and elements of landscaping and greening, with their subsequent comparison of their balance indicators of greening. The article analyzes the positive experience of construction and an assessment of the possibilities of its application for the development of similar urban areas. The values of the irregularity of greening of the Garden Ring and the analysis of the normative balance indicator of greening are obtained. The addition and updating of indicators, as well as the normative nature of greening of urban objects, are seen and solved at various stages and by various participants: both for the state customer and for the executors, during the construction, repair and reconstruction of public areas. Normative indicators of greening is a essential aspect for creating the minimum areal values of a comfortable urban environment.

subsistence production (where in the colonial period mainly extra-economic factors such as forced cultivation or forced labour caused the integration of the peasantry in the market exchange). Socialist development was there-fore strongly identified with modernising through the rapid expansion of the state sector, that is, nationalisation and mechanisation on an ever-increasing scale. The peasantry would be gradually absorbed within this expanding sector, and hence, at first, the role of the peasantry was seen as essentially passive with its transformation mainly centring on social aspects. As such, the policy of communal villages became virtually a habitational concept (and was in actual fact the responsibility of the national directorate of housing): a question of social infrastructures (water supplies, schools, etc.) within a concept of communal life without concerning production and its transformation. This view conflicted heavily with the objective conditions in the rural areas characterised by a deep involvement of the peasantry in market relationships and their dependence on it either as suppliers of labour power or as cash crop producers. This contradiction became more obvious, when the balance of payments became a real constraint (in 1979) and, hence, the question of financing accumulation cropped up more strongly in practice. The peasantry as suppliers of cash crops, of food and of labour power to the state sectors occupied a crucial position in production and accumulation. However, the crucial question then becomes whether the peasantry only performs the role of supplying part of the accumulation fund or whether the peasantry itself is part and parcel of the process of transformation and hence that accumulation embraces as an integral part the transformation of peasant agriculture into more socialised forms of production. In other words, it poses the question whether the strategy is based on a primitive socialist accumulation on the basis of the peasantry (transferring the agrarian surplus to the develop-ment of the state sector), or whether accumulation includes the transformation of peasant agriculture. Clearly, the way this question is posed in practice will influence heavily the nature of the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. The proposition that the state sector can develop under its own steam (with or without the aid of external borrowing) cannot bypass this crucial question since, on the one hand, a considerable part of foreign exchange earnings and of the food supply to the towns depended on peasant production and, on the other, the very conditions of productivity and profitability in the agrarian state sector depended heavily on the organic link that existed.between labour supply and family agriculture. The monetary disequilibrium originating from the state sector has a severe impact on the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. First, the imbalance between the demand for and the supply of consumer commodities affected rural areas differently from urban areas. The reason was that in urban areas the rationing system guaranteed to each family a minimum quantity of basic consumer necessities at official prices. In the rural areas the principal form of rationing remained the queue! Hence, forced savings were distributed differently over urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the concentration of resources on the state sector also implied that the peasants'

2013 ◽  
pp. 205-205
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Peasant Agriculture ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Power

scholarly journals Improving the environmental assessment of objects in the system of construction engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Environmental Criteria

The problem of maintaining the proper level of environmental safety in urban areas currently is not yet fully resolved. In this case, a special role at the level of impact on the environment is played by the industry of design, construction and operation of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes. To solve this issue in our research, we identified and systematized the main characteristics of the groups, which largely determine the state of both individual objects of the urban environment and urban economy, and urbanized territories as a whole. As a result, groups of environmental, economic and social characteristics were obtained. In addition, we paid attention to the distribution of the importance of the evaluation criteria regarding the type of functional zone of the urbanized territory. Further in the article, we proposed to determine the environmental criteria based on the characteristics of the state of individual components of the surrounding urban environment and the characteristics of economic activity in the territory under consideration, causing qualitative changes in the state of this environment. Our research allows us to identify the dominant importance of the environmental criteria for a specific urbanized area and the need to take it into account at the initial design stage. At further stages, we intend to conduct scientific research to derive a dimensionless indicator based on the environmental criteria described above with the further development of an appropriate methodology, which will allow us to assess comprehensively the degree of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes impact on the environmental safety of urbanized territories and develop appropriate measures for its optimization and reduction.

Epidemiology of Toxocara canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of Bristol

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Richards ◽  
S. Harris ◽  
J. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SUMMARYA descriptive epidemiological survey was undertaken of the ascarid nematode Toxocara canis in 521 red foxes (vulpes, vulpes) during the period January 1986 to July 1990. Age–prevalence and age–intensity profiles show that worm are significantly higher in cubs than in subadult or adult foxes and higher in subadult than in adult foxes. variations in worm burdens occur, with the highest prevalences and intensities being found during the spring, when are born, and in the summer months. Prevalences and intensities then decrease during the autumn and winter months both subadult and adult foxes, but, during this period, prevalences are significantly higher in male than in female Variations in worm burdens in the fox population are likely to be related to the reproductive cycle of the fox, with proportion of cubs becoming infected in utero. The role of the fox in the transmission of T. canis in the urban environment is discussed.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia and pluralism in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafiq Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Islamic Belief

This article highlights the role of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, the Council of Indonesian Ulama) in making anti-pluralism discourse and practice which are evident in its fatwa on belief (Arabic: ‘aqīda). It begins with the explanation of MUI which in the first three decades of its establishment was a fatwa body that supported pluralism, but since the downfall of the authoritarian Suharto regime in 1998, has changed its position from supporter to detractor of pluralism. This article argues that the institutionalization of anti- pluralism discourse through the MUI fatwa creates complexity especially because Indonesia contains the idea of pluralism (respecting cultural and religious diversity) in its constitution. The situation becomes more complex when the state and also Muslim organizations strengthen the position of MUI in monopolizing fatwa-making on ‘aqīda issues. The monopolization of fatwa on Islamic belief issues creates such a negative impact for religious freedom in Indonesia due to its fundamental characteristics that allow only a single judgment for the Muslim communities in understanding and interpreting their Islamic belief. Finally this article concludes the importance of Indonesia for protecting pluralism for maintaining the diversity of cultures and religions in this country.

scholarly journals Privately Managed Green Open Space and Its Ecological Role in Improving Thermal Comfort of Kesiman Kertalangu Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
I G Edhy ◽  
N K A Siwalatri ◽  
N M Yudantini ◽  
Gusti Ayu Made Suartika
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Residential Yards

Abstract The rapid development of urban areas in general has a negative impact on built environmental. The decrease of green open space is cause by increasing the need of space for human activity. The reduced area of green open space in Denpasar City, especially in private green open space in the Kesiman Kertalangu area, causes environmental quality to decline. Reducing the area of green open space can cause urban problems, such as increasing city air temperatures. Therefore, it is important to know the role of private green open space in residential yards for increasing thermal comfort in the Kesiman Kertalangu area. For this study the method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive case study approach. The aim of this study is to determine the role of private green open space in residential yards in term of thermal comfort. The results show that in residential yards that have relatively large areas of land, the existing private green open space conditions are quite optimal. However, in residential yards that have limited land area, the availability of green open space is very minimal. The existence of private green open space in residential yards at the Kesiman Kertalangu area in general is not able to work optimally in reducing temperatures to create a suitable thermal comfort for the environment.

scholarly journals WAHANA EDUKASI PROFESI ANAK DI SURAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR PERILAKU

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagas Prihandhana ◽  
Musyawaroh Musyawaroh ◽  
Tri Joko Daryanto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Children's Behavior ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Children Education

<p><em>Nowadays most children tend to take advantage of playing time with activities that could potentially have a negative impact. Specifically, children who live in the urban areas commonly spend their time playing games, computers, internet, etc. From some games mode that already exist, one method is role playing. In the education of the profession that well planned, this method provides a positive impact for children, which can embed a sense of the role of the profession in life, embed the responsibility to cooperate with others, respect other people's opinions and abilities, and learn to make decisions in a relations group. Behavioral architecture approach required in the design of educational professions facilities for children. By applying the behavioral architecture approach, it’s expected to create a space and a certain ambiance in accordance with the child's behavior and their environment. So, the behavior of the children will affected the design of the building, so that the child's behavior and character will be used as a basic reference in the design of the building. So conversely, the design of the building is expected to give a positive impact on children's behavior.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : Behavior, Children, Education, Facilities, Profession</em></p>

scholarly journals Recognition of Trace Element Contamination Using Ficus macrophylla Leaves in Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Alaimo ◽  
Daniela Varrica
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Local Pollution

Urban areas are characterized by numerous pollutants emitted by anthropic sources both in the form of solid and gaseous particulates. Biomonitoring is an easy, economical, and accessible approach for the determination of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we used the leaves of Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers., collected in the city of Palermo (Italy), to determine major and trace elements. Geogenic elements exhibited the highest concentrations, making up 99% of the weight of the analyzed elements (Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Na, Fe, and Al); they range 21,400 (Ca) to 122 µg g−1 (Al). The remaining elements showed median concentrations in the range 47.5–0.05 µg g−1 in the following order of abundance: Sr > Cu > Mn > Zn > Br > Rb > Ba > Pb > Cr > Sb > As > Mo = Sc. Cluster analysis, with Spearman’s coefficient to measure sample similarity, identified five main groups, namely, three clusters related to the geogenic background and marine spray; one cluster linked to elements essential to plants, and a final group attributed to the influence of traffic emissions. Calculated enrichment factors (EF) showed that the enrichments found for P and K were linked to plant metabolism; Na and Mg confirmed the role of sea spray; Cu and Zn underlined the contribution linked to anthropic processes and the role of micronutrients in plants.. As, Cr, and Mo had EF values ranging from 10 and 20, and Sb had EF > 90. From geochemical distribution maps of As, Cr, Mo, and Sb it was observed that metal and metalloid concentrations were higher in urban areas and immediately decreased as one moved away from these areas. Local pollution sources play a great role in trace element concentrations in airborne particulate matter. The present study confirms that Ficus macrophylla leaves are suitable for screening an urban environment to identify concentrations of inorganic chemicals, since they have high tolerance to pollution.

scholarly journals Achieving High Reliability in Data Acquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Ivan Šećerov ◽  
Srđan Popov ◽  
Srđan Sladojević ◽  
Dragana Milin ◽  
Lazar Lazić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
The Right

An urban environment defines a specific micro-climate which directly affects the quality of life in urbanized areas and often has a negative impact on urban populations. Phenomena like urban heat and surface heat islands are direct products of an urban lifestyle. Urban meteorological networks (UMNs) are a tool that can help to better understand and analyze the current situation and make the right decisions about future urban development. Deployed to monitor and record different objects and their states inside urban areas, UMNs build a long-term meteorological data time series database. The most commonly used systems for achieving this goal include wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper presents a combined experience in deploying three different WSN systems. During seven years of research in this field, the authors have recognized the importance of data reliability in data acquisition. More importantly, due to the lack of research addressing the reliability of the data received from WSNs by the core segment of the server (processes used in receiving, validating, parsing, and storing data into a database instance), the received data are used in scientific studies without questioning their reliability. To determine the possibility of shifting information provided by the data measured from sensor networks before it is stored in a desired form of database, this paper proposes a highly reliable socket server model. The model is built with high reliability and performance in mind and it includes three major processes, which use a combination of signals and control messages to pass information about their states. A case study is performed using high-end hardware, running a Linux operating system stressed to its limits. Repetition testing revealed inconsistency in the information provided by the operating system to the application layer, which could lead to the loss of information about short-term and rarely occurring monitored objects. The results lead to the conclusion that there is a clear need for a higher level of data reliability in the process of data acquisition by UMNs. The proposed socket server should fill this gap within the server’s core segment.

scholarly journals Atmospheric humidity is unlikely to serve as an important water source for crustose soil lichens in the Tabernas Desert

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
Giora J. Kidron ◽  
Rafael Kronenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Crustose Lichens

AbstractDew is commonly regarded as an important water source for lichens. This is also the case for crustose lichens that are attached to the substrate, whether rocks or soil. While being verified during ample research on rock-dwelling lichens in the Negev, the findings from soil-dwelling lichens (lichen biocrusts) are not conclusive. In the Tabernas Desert, the soil surface is characterized by a lush cover of crustose lichens. These soil biocrusts (biological soil crusts) were reported to use dew for photosynthesis while, at the same time, it was also observed that these crustose chlorolichens are relatively non-wettable. In an attempt to explore the apparent controversy, two year-long meteorological data (minimum air temperature and relative humidity, RH), during which chlorolichens were thought to utilize dew for photosynthesis (2006–2007) were analyzed. The analysis includes a comparison to the meteorological conditions that prevailed in the Negev during 135 days of manual dew measurements. As found for the Negev, net photosynthesis by the chlorolichens is expected once the RH, as measured at the meteorological station, is ≥90% while vapor condensation (dew) is expected once RH is ≥95%. RH in the Negev was substantially higher than the average RH of 75.0–87.2% registered during the rainless days of 2006–2007 in the Tabernas, implying that RH in the Tabernas is too low to facilitate frequent dew formation and net photosynthesis by the lichens. Photosynthesis in the Tabernas is mainly confined to rainy periods, taking place either due to direct wetting by rain, or following vapor condensation from the subsurface (distillation). Our findings do not support the view that dew is an important water source for the establishment and growth of crustose soil lichens in the Tabernas. Moreover, the low RH in the Tabernas may also imply that dew may only have a very limited role in providing water to lithobionts in this ecosystem.

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