scholarly journals An Investigation of Different Language Choice through Personal Pronouns in the Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Hafiz Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Concordance Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Generic Pronouns

This study aimed to find evidence regarding the use of personal pronouns in the discourses produced by males and females. Personal pronouns were chosen as the object of analysis, as several studies has suggested them as one of the features that may distinguish the gender of the authors. This study analysed publically available corpus, Rovereto Twitter N-Gram Corpus (RTC), utilized by Herdagdelen (2013). It is gender-of-the-author tagged, which makes the author’s gender analysis easier. The corpus was analysed using AntConc (Anthony, 2014). From AntConc’s concordance analysis, it was found that women utilised more personal pronouns, especially the ones that can create closer bond. On the other hand, men have greater tendency to distant themselves using generic pronouns than women. In conclusion, men and women in this study may use personal pronouns differently. Keyword: Personal Pronoun, Twitter, AntConc

scholarly journals Women write the rights of woman: the sexual politics of the personal pronoun in the 1790s

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Mary Hays ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Political Pamphlets

This article investigates patterns of personal pronoun usage in four texts written by women about women's rights during the 1790s: Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Hays' An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain (1798), Mary Robinson's Letter to the Women of England (1799) and Mary Anne Radcliffe's The Female Advocate (1799). I begin by showing that at the time these texts were written there was a widespread assumption that both writers and readers of political pamphlets were, by default, male. As such, I argue, writing to women as a woman was distinctly problematic, not least because these default assumptions meant that even apparently gender-neutral pronouns such as I, we and you were in fact covertly gendered. I use the textual analysis programme WordSmith to identify the personal pronouns in my four texts, and discuss my results both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that while one of my texts does little to disturb gender expectations through its deployment of personal pronouns, the other three all use personal pronouns that disrupt eighteenth century expectations about default male authorship and readership.

scholarly journals The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Markus Bader ◽  
Yvonne Portele
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function

Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.

scholarly journals Representation of Males and Females in Myanmar Culture through a Selection of Myanmar Literary Works in English

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tin Moe Yi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Selection Of

<p class="1Body">In Myanmar, although men and women have equal rights under the customary law, conservative cultural belief prevents to enjoy these rights between men and women. Therefore men are still superior and women are subordinate in Myanmar society. To reach a better understanding of whether equality exists between men and women in Myanmar society, a particular type of literary work which is reflection of Myanmar culture can be explored. Therefore, Myanmar short stories, written originally in English by Myanmar author Daw Khin Myo Chit and the selection of Myanmar short stories written originally in Myanmar by various kinds of Myanmar authors but translated into English by Myanmar writer Ma Thanegi, are chosen to be investigated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the way in which males and females are represented in Myanmar short stories which reflect Myanmar culture. Gender analysis by Khurshid, Gillani, and Hashmi (2010) is conducted to analyze the data. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze short stories. It is found that the data found in Daw Khin Myo Chit’s short stories and Ma Thanegi’s translated works were the same. The results showed that there is no significant difference between males and females except occupational roles. It can also be observed that in analyzing Myanmar short stories, although women play the important roles as equal as men in most cases, women are still inferior rather than men according to Myanmar culture and Myanmar tradition.</p>

Genitive coordinations with personal pronouns

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Web Based ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Genitive Case ◽  
National Corpus

English genitive noun-phrase coordinations follow two patterns. The first is the single genitive, in which exponence of the genitive case occurs solely on the final coordinate, e.g. Mary and Jane's; and the second is the multiple genitive, in which exponence of the genitive case occurs on all coordinates, e.g. Mary's and Jane's. When either of the coordinates is a personal pronoun, difficult choices have to be made about the form of the pronoun. These difficulties arise especially with the single genitive, which is judged to be totally ungrammatical in coordinations like *my wife and I's or *my wife and my. On the other hand, the alternative use of the multiple genitive, my wife's and my, conflicts with a preference for the single genitive when the coordinates are felt to constitute a single unit. In this article, we first conduct a corpus-based analysis for genitive coordinations with personal pronouns, based on the British National Corpus. This, supplemented by some non-standard examples from web-based sources, gives some insight into the choices actually made by native speakers. We then provide a theoretical account of the syntactic problems that genitive coordinations with pronouns create. This account is shown to be compatible solely with an analysis of the English ’s genitive as an inflectional affix.

scholarly journals Discourse Analysis of a Song Lyric Entitled "We Will Not Go Down”

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Faizal Risdianto
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Song Lyric ◽  
Song Lyrics

This library research aimed at finding the three aspect of discourse analysis: contextual, grammatical and lexical aspect of Michael Heart’s song lyrics entitled “We will not go down (Song for Gaza). After analysis it can be found that the life experience and background of the song writer and singer is closely related to the idea proposes within the song lyrics. Whereas, the result of the grammatical and lexical analysis gives a depiction of cohesion and coherence of the song discourse of “We will not Go Down (Song for Gaza)”. There are eight (8) forms of first plural personal pronoun of “We”, four (4) second plural personal pronoun of ‘You” and seven (7) third personal pronouns in various forms. On the other side, it is difficult to find lexical aspects of this song discourse. There is only one form of anaphoric repetition. The repetition of the sentence “We Will Not Go Down” seven times is to influence the hearers whether they are supporters or opponents of the idea brought by the singer/the author that whatever happens Palestinian people will not surrender to every force, nation or people that want to colonialize them. 

Valérys Namen: Der Status des Lesers in der poésie pure

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-133
Author(s):  
Franziska Humphreys-Schottmann
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Tension

AbstractValéry’s dream of the creation of a poésie pure is determined by a fundamental tension between two contradictory aspirations. On the one hand, he inherits French rationalism when he tries to develop a poetical praxis based on a logical-mathematical calculus, in which anything vague and unclear should disappear. On the other hand, this strictly formalized language revolves around the notion of moi pur and therefore subscribes to a hypertrophied subjectivism. The paradoxical logic of personal pronouns described by Émile Benveniste is at the origin of Valéry’s project: The moi pur is both, the personal pronoun that identifies the concrete speaker and the structural function of the universal invariant. Ineluctably affected by this pronominal shifting, the reader is, above all, at stake in the poéésie pure. In an attempt to unfold the aporetical constructions resulting from this paradox, this textual analysis focuses on some of the main rhetorical figures of Valpoéry’s work. A close reading of Narcisse parle reveals the specific moments of permanent self-variation by which the popoésie pure constantly subverts itself. Poeisis resists any kind of rigid formalism, any subjugation of its rhetorical potential and any attempt to escape the ever-sliding sense of the metaphor. We can thus affirm that the aporias revealed by the popoésie pure evidence hence the conditions of poetical representation itself.

scholarly journals The Language of Memory: Narrating Memories of Parents and Friends

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Smorti ◽  
Carole Peterson ◽  
Franca Tani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study was to compare narrated memories of parents and friends, recounted by both males and females. A total of 177 Italian undergraduates were asked to recall and to write in detail one relevant memory regarding their relationship with either parents or friends during adolescence. Half of the participants wrote a narrative about parents and half about friends. Narratives were examined using both a content and a lexical linguistic method of analysis.The results showed that the language of memories was substantially influenced by the identity of the social partners that were part of the remembered events. In particular the ratio of negative emotion words to all words and the use of 'I' personal pronouns were higher when participants recounted memory narratives about parents rather than friends, and 'We' was used more in narratives about friends. Gender differences were found as well. The authors interpret the results as suggesting that the language of memory is affected by the type of interpersonal relationship that exists between the narrator and the other participants in the remembered events as well as by the gender of the narrator. In other words, memory narratives both reflect and are influenced by the relationships within which an individual is embedded.

Het verlies van een persoonlijk voornaamwoord* : Waarom hun straks geen hun meer zeggen

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Helen de Hoop
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Possessive Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person

Abstract The loss of a personal pronoun. Why they will not be saying hun anymoreThe personal pronoun hun ‘them’ meets a lot of criticism in Dutch society, not just from language purists, but from language users in general. This can be attributed to a strong mistrust of the pronoun, given that it is well-known for violating no less than two prescriptive rules, one of which prohibits its use as a subject, and the other its use as a direct object or complement of a preposition. This has resulted in a tendency to avoid the use of this personal pronoun across the board. Despite the fact that hun ‘them’ as a personal pronoun has the advantage of exclusively referring to animate or even human individuals, I argue that it is fighting a losing battle with the other personal pronouns that are used to express third person plural. I conclude that it will withdraw from the competition in order to commit itself entirely to its function as a possessive pronoun ‘their’, in which capacity it is unique.

Female Social Empowerment and the Psychological Expression of Endocrinological Issues during Menopause

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanya Sofra
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Social Empowerment

We conducted two clinical studies: Study 1 compared high functioning narcissistic men and women against low functioning narcissistic and non-narcissistic patients as well as non-narcissistic successful individuals with prestigious careers. Results established the interconnection between narcissism, masochism, and sadism. Narcissistic women exhibited more masochistic traits, while narcissistic men were distinguished by their sadistic features. Both narcissistic males and females manifested higher sadistic tendencies than all other groups; they also exhibited histrionic and depressive trends. Since the masochistic and sadistic extremities are the opposite ends of the same dimension, an individual can internally oscillate from one pole to the other, without ever escaping the confinement of this vicious circle. Study 2 analyzed the testing records and psychotherapy notes of 14 postmenopausal women, using the FSFI, DES, and MMPI-2. Results unveiled a high correlation between reported female satisfaction with vaginal rejuvenation procedures, and the MMPI-2 Lie, Depression, and Hysteria scales, revealing a tendency to withhold or mask the truth, sustained by an emotional organization that revolves around shame and sadness. Based on the statistically significant results of the two studies we discuss a number of issues related to overall social development and healthy interpersonal relationships: The current social arrangements of several societies where women must obey and serve men, contaminates social progress by nurturing underdeveloped, deprived females whose secret accumulated rage can be either expressed in silent dullness or indifference, passive defiance leading to inactivity or inertia, or overt rebellion leading to the breakdown of the family constellation, something seen by the increasing divorce rate in several countries.

I. Sumerian and Georgian: A study in Comparative Philology

1914 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
M. Tseretheli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Comparative Philology

Personal Pronouns.—Georgian (with Lazian, etc.) makes no distinction of genders in personal pronouns (as in general Georgian makes no distinction of genders). Herein Georgian corresponds perfectly to Sumerian. The personal pronouns in Sumerian are also very like to Georgian, though the same cannot be said of other pronouns. The 1st person singular is regularly me-e in Sumerian, and in Georgian me = I = Lazian ma, man = Mingrelian ma = Svanian mi. The 2nd person is in Sumerian za-e = Georgian šen = Mingrelian si = Lazian si = Svanian si. As to the 3rd person, it is most interesting that Georgian and the other languages of the Georgian group have no special pronoun to designate directly the 3rd person; in Sumerian it is the same. Both Sumerian and Georgian borrow the pronoun for the 3rd person from demonstrative pronouns: Sumerian ni (rectus) and na, (obliquas) for persons, and bi and ba for inanimate objects; Georgian is, igi, Mingrelian , ena, θena, Lazian ham, Svanian ada, ala. But in Georgian the root of the pronoun of the 3rd person appears in the genitive, dative, and other cases, and this root being m we can compare it with Sumerian demonstrative bi and ba. Indeed, we have in Georgian , is igi = he she, it, but in genitive m-is, dative m-as, etc.; in Mingrelian , ena, θena = he, she, it, but in genitive m-u-ši, etc. In Lazian as independent personal pronoun 3rd person, the demonstrative ham, = this, is used, but the pronominal nominative is m-u-q, genitive m-u-ši, etc. It must be remembered, moreover, that in Lazian the demonstrative pronouns have the root of the personal pronoun 3rd person m, and that is why they replace the personal pronoun 3rd person.

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