scholarly journals The Language of Memory: Narrating Memories of Parents and Friends

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Smorti ◽  
Carole Peterson ◽  
Franca Tani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study was to compare narrated memories of parents and friends, recounted by both males and females. A total of 177 Italian undergraduates were asked to recall and to write in detail one relevant memory regarding their relationship with either parents or friends during adolescence. Half of the participants wrote a narrative about parents and half about friends. Narratives were examined using both a content and a lexical linguistic method of analysis.The results showed that the language of memories was substantially influenced by the identity of the social partners that were part of the remembered events. In particular the ratio of negative emotion words to all words and the use of 'I' personal pronouns were higher when participants recounted memory narratives about parents rather than friends, and 'We' was used more in narratives about friends. Gender differences were found as well. The authors interpret the results as suggesting that the language of memory is affected by the type of interpersonal relationship that exists between the narrator and the other participants in the remembered events as well as by the gender of the narrator. In other words, memory narratives both reflect and are influenced by the relationships within which an individual is embedded.

Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

Gender and Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Didem Koban Koç
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings

The present study investigated gender differences in the use of linguistic features as well as the social meanings attached to those differences. Academic essays, written by 44 (22 male, 22 female) first-year undergraduate students enrolled in the English Language Teaching program at a government university were analyzed with respect to the use of linguistic features (adjectives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, linking adverbials) as well as the number of words and sentences used by the students. The results showed that, in comparison to males, females used more adjectives, intensifiers, and words. Males, on the other hand, used more empty adjectives and linking adverbials than females. Based on the results, pedagogical implications are discussed, and recommendations are provided in order to increase teachers' awareness of gender differences and improve students' writing skills.

The social origins of gender differences in anticipated feelings of guilt and shame following delinquency

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne De Boeck ◽  
Stefaan Pleysier ◽  
Johan Put
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Peer Delinquency ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Traditional Femininity

In this study, we investigate gender differences in adolescents’ anticipated feelings of guilt and shame for engaging in shoplifting and retaliatory violence. More specifically, we examine the extent to which interpersonal relations with parents and teachers, perceived peer delinquency and traditional gender role beliefs have different effects on levels of shame-guilt among males and females, and to what extent these variables mediate gender differences in shame-guilt. We use data collected in a sample of 852 adolescents in Genk, a multi-ethnic city in the north-east of Belgium. Our findings confirm those of earlier research indicating that females experience a considerably higher threat of shame-guilt for engaging in delinquency than males. Factors explaining males’ and females’ anticipated shame-guilt feelings are similar in the case of shoplifting, but different in the case of violence. Differential exposure to peer delinquency and parental follow-up partially mediate the effect of gender on shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting. Among males, endorsement of traditional masculinity predicts lower levels of shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting and violence. Among females, endorsement of traditional femininity predicts lower levels of shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting, but has no effect on shame-guilt for engaging in violence. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the contribution of shame-guilt to the social control of delinquency across gender.

scholarly journals Predicting Depression From Language-Based Emotion Dynamics: Longitudinal Analysis of Facebook and Twitter Status Updates (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Seabrook ◽  
Margaret L Kern ◽  
Ben D Fulcher ◽  
Nikki S Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Dynamic Measures

BACKGROUND Frequent expression of negative emotion words on social media has been linked to depression. However, metrics have relied on average values, not dynamic measures of emotional volatility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report on the associations between depression severity and the variability (time-unstructured) and instability (time-structured) in emotion word expression on Facebook and Twitter across status updates. METHODS Status updates and depression severity ratings of 29 Facebook users and 49 Twitter users were collected through the app MoodPrism. The average proportion of positive and negative emotion words used, within-person variability, and instability were computed. RESULTS Negative emotion word instability was a significant predictor of greater depression severity on Facebook (rs(29)=.44, P=.02, 95% CI 0.09-0.69), even after controlling for the average proportion of negative emotion words used (partial rs(26)=.51, P=.006) and within-person variability (partial rs(26)=.49, P=.009). A different pattern emerged on Twitter where greater negative emotion word variability indicated lower depression severity (rs(49)=−.34, P=.01, 95% CI −0.58 to 0.09). Differences between Facebook and Twitter users in their emotion word patterns and psychological characteristics were also explored. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that negative emotion word instability may be a simple yet sensitive measure of time-structured variability, useful when screening for depression through social media, though its usefulness may depend on the social media platform.

scholarly journals Chinese American Immigrant Parents' Socialization of Emotions in Bilingual Bicultural Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Huang ◽  
Pui Fong Kan
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Chinese Parent ◽  
American Immigrant

The purpose of this study was to examine Cantonese-speaking Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions in bilingual bicultural preschool children, using a combination of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples from emotion-elicited storytelling tasks. Sixteen Cantonese-speaking parents and their children participated in this study. Children were sequential bilinguals who were exposed to Cantonese (L1) at home since birth, and then learned English (L2) at school. The Chinese parent questionnaire examined parents' emotion talk in the home, as well as the child's dual language background and language distribution. Parents' language samples in Cantonese were collected from three parent-child storytelling tasks that each elicited a different type of negative emotion (sad, angry, scared). Results from the parent questionnaire and the parent language samples were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In the parent questionnaire, correlation analysis revealed that parents' use of guilt emotions was not associated with any of the other emotion words, suggesting that parents may not talk about guilt as frequently as the other emotions. Results from the parents' language samples showed no significant differences between parents' number of emotion words and emotion explanations across the storytelling tasks, suggesting that parents used negative emotion words similarly across all three books. Further qualitative analysis between the parent questionnaire and the language samples revealed patterns in the way parents use Chinese emotion words with their children. Findings illustrate how the combined use of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples offer complementary information to provide a more comprehensive understanding about Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions.

scholarly journals Words and deeds. Corporate Social Responsibility in higher education institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Rotengruber
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Additional Explanation

The purpose of the paper is twofold. Firstly, to formulate a definition of University social responsibility (which takes into account social expectations towards this institution and its internal determinants as well). The final result of this research is the definition built on two concepts. On one hand, it is a stakeholder policy, on the other hand, a whistleblower policy. These are the criteria of responsibility, that is to say, rules which make the institution transparent and open to social criticism. Secondly, the article tends to establish whether a university in Poland (treated as a dominant institution of knowledge) is rightly seen as an irresponsible partner of civil society. Form the business ethics perspective the university is the more responsible, the more intensive are its relations with the social environment represented by stakeholders and whistleblowers. When they do not play their parts properly, the relations must be considered dysfunctional. Additional explanation of this problem is provided by the theory of management. In a use of the concept of the final customer, public opinion can find out if it—really—is the main interlocutor of the university. Social partners of this institution focus their attention on politicians and public administration taken as the alternative final customer of the academic product.

THE STRUCTURE OF MASCULINITY-FEMININITY: MULTIDIMENSIONALITY AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Sutherland Ratliff ◽  
James Conley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Psychological Androgyny ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

In an investigation of the structure of sex role self-descriptors, the responses of 176 female and 103 male undergraduates to the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) were factor analyzed. Seven factors emerged: Personal Warmth, Social Dominance, Autonomy, Affect, M-F, Vulnerability, and Responsibility, four of which are composed of sex-typed BSRI items. Sex differences were found in the scores on the Personal Warmth and M-F factors, and somewhat different factor structures emerged for males than for females. Scores on the Social Dominance factor were found to be very strongly correlated with the androgyny scores of both males and females. The BSRI appears to be heterogeneous in content, and the structure of sex role self-descriptors is more complex than the conception of independent “masculine” and “feminine” dimensions. The analysis of the BSRI according to specific content factors may provide explanations for some of the findings of research on psychological androgyny.

Examining Gender Differences in the Factors Affecting Ethical Leadership

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Important Correlation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Senior Secondary Schools ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
Ethical Leadership Scale

This paper examines the gender differences in the statements measuring ethical leadership and to explore the factors affecting ethical leadership. The questionnaire has been distributed among the various government senior secondary schools of Punjab, India. Independent t-test is applied to know the perception of males and females. The result reveals that females have higher perception in many of the statements in the ethical leadership scale as compared to male staff members. On the other hand, there are three factors that are affecting the ethical leadership showing the important correlation among them.

Leader Effects and Gender Differences in Sequential Restaurant Ordering Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter Schamel ◽  
Francisco Javier Santos-Arteaga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractWe empirically examine the strategic importance of the choices of the first person ordering, that is, the leader, for the decisions made and money spent by other commensals at a restaurant table. Our aim is to study the similarity of orders—in terms of dishes, drinks, and prices—among the table leader and the other commensals. The empirical results reveal that table leaders, both male and female, exert a considerable influence on the choices made by other diners. We analyze the differences arising when males and females act as table leaders. (JEL Classifications: D12, D91)

scholarly journals An Investigation of Different Language Choice through Personal Pronouns in the Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Hafiz Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Concordance Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Generic Pronouns

This study aimed to find evidence regarding the use of personal pronouns in the discourses produced by males and females. Personal pronouns were chosen as the object of analysis, as several studies has suggested them as one of the features that may distinguish the gender of the authors. This study analysed publically available corpus, Rovereto Twitter N-Gram Corpus (RTC), utilized by Herdagdelen (2013). It is gender-of-the-author tagged, which makes the author’s gender analysis easier. The corpus was analysed using AntConc (Anthony, 2014). From AntConc’s concordance analysis, it was found that women utilised more personal pronouns, especially the ones that can create closer bond. On the other hand, men have greater tendency to distant themselves using generic pronouns than women. In conclusion, men and women in this study may use personal pronouns differently. Keyword: Personal Pronoun, Twitter, AntConc

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