scholarly journals The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Markus Bader ◽  
Yvonne Portele
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function

Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.

scholarly journals Women write the rights of woman: the sexual politics of the personal pronoun in the 1790s

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Mary Hays ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Political Pamphlets

This article investigates patterns of personal pronoun usage in four texts written by women about women's rights during the 1790s: Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Hays' An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain (1798), Mary Robinson's Letter to the Women of England (1799) and Mary Anne Radcliffe's The Female Advocate (1799). I begin by showing that at the time these texts were written there was a widespread assumption that both writers and readers of political pamphlets were, by default, male. As such, I argue, writing to women as a woman was distinctly problematic, not least because these default assumptions meant that even apparently gender-neutral pronouns such as I, we and you were in fact covertly gendered. I use the textual analysis programme WordSmith to identify the personal pronouns in my four texts, and discuss my results both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that while one of my texts does little to disturb gender expectations through its deployment of personal pronouns, the other three all use personal pronouns that disrupt eighteenth century expectations about default male authorship and readership.

The development of person agreement and the cliticization of personal pronouns in Batsbi

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Finite Form ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Person Agreement

Abstract Most Nakh-Daghestanian languages have gender (or noun class) agreement in the verb, but do not have person agreement. This is the case with Chechen and Ingush, which are genetically the closest to Batsbi. Batsbi, by contrast, has developed person agreement with the subject in the verb along with gender agreement. This is assumed to be due to the strong influence of Georgian, which has long been the second language of Batsbi speakers. In Georgian, the verb shows person agreement with the subject as well as with the direct or indirect object. Present-day Batsbi, presumably inspired by the polypersonal agreement of Georgian, further develops the cliticization of non-subject personal pronouns. To put it simply, it seems as though Batsbi attempts to express what a Georgian verb may encode in a single, finite form by means of a verb and a personal pronoun that is cliticized to it.

scholarly journals FUNGSI PRONOMINA PERSONA PERTAMA DALAM BAHASA SASAK DIALEK MENU-MENI (FIRST PERSONAL PRONOUN FUNCTION IN DIALECT MENU-MENI OF SASAK LANGUAGE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Siti Wahyuni Sulistya Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Transcription Data ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstractThis writing discusses the possible syntactic functions for each form of first personal pronouns using descriptive-qualitative method. Data were collected by several techniques, namely observing, recording, listening, interviewing, using intuition, and writing (fonetics transcription). Data were analyzed using distributional method. The result shows that generally, based on the forms, the free personal pronouns have more possible syntactic functions than the bound ones. The free first personal pronouns such as aku, itǝ, and itǝ padǝ, can fill the syntactic functions of subject,object, and complement, while the bound ones such as -kɔ, -ɳkɔ, dan -ntɛ in Menu-Meni dialect of Sasak language can fill the syntactic function of subject and object Keywords: syntactic function, personal pronoun, Sasak languageAbstrakPenelitian ini membahas fungsi-fungsi sintaksis yang dapat diduduki oleh masingmasing bentuk pronomina persona pertama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti meliputi teknik observasi, teknik rekam, teknik sadap, teknik wawancara, teknik intuisi, dan teknik catat (teknik transkripsi fonetis). Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode agih atau distribusional. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa secara umum dapat dilihat bahwa pronomina persona pertama yang bentuknya bebas (pronomina bebas) memiliki fungsi yang lebih banyak jika dibandingkandengan fungsi sintaksis yang dapat diduduki oleh pronomina persona bentuk terikat. Bentuk pronomina persona pertama yang bebas (bentuk tidak terikat), seperti aku, itǝ, dan itǝ padǝ merupakan bentuk yang dapat menduduki fungsi subjek, objek, dan keterangan. Adapun bentuk terikat, seperti -kɔ, -ɳkɔ, dan -ntɛ dalam bahasa Sasak dialek Menu-Meni, bersifat dapat menduduki fungsi sintaksis subjek dan objek.

scholarly journals Comparison of Personal Pronoun between Arabic and Its Indonesian Translation of Koran

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markhamah ◽  
Abdul Ngalim ◽  
Muhammad Muinudinillah Basri ◽  
Atiqa Sabardila
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Pronoun ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Units

The system of pronoun in Indonesian language and Arabic is diverse. This becomes the main consideration of the emergence of the current study. This comparative-descriptive-qualitative study aims at comparing the Indonesian translation of Quran with its Arabic version to differentiate pronouns of both languages in relation to gender (male, female, neutral), grammatical categories of number (singular, plural, dual), and tenses (past, present, and future). Al-Qur’an which is written in Arabic is then compared to the Indonesian translation of it. Moreover, the objects of the research are personal pronouns and the data are all linguistic units consisting of personal pronouns in the Indonesian translation of Quran compared to its Arabic version. The data were collected through content analysis. Then, the comparative and distributional methods were employed to analyze the data. The findings show that in terms of gender, personal pronoun has different translation in the two languages. Indonesian does not distinguish the personal pronoun that refers to male or female, while Arabic does. In terms of quantity, Indonesian first person pronoun kami ‘we’ is commonly used for plural. However in the translated verses, kami ‘we’ refers to both singular and plural. Furthermore, in terms of tenses, Indonesian and Arabic utilize different systems. Indonesian does not distinguish the pronoun in terms of past, present, or future act, while Arabic adjusts the grammatical conformity between the verb and the subject or between the adverb and the subject in relation to number, person, and gender to express an element of tense. 

scholarly journals Visit Transylvania! Transylvania Representations of Tourists Coming from Abroad

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Pásztor ◽  
Anita Dózsa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject of the present study is Transylvania as a tourist destination, more precisely the analysis of what Transylvania means for the foreign tourists visiting here, and what meaning they attach to it. The timeliness of the issue is given by two factors. On the one hand the number of events with a touristic appeal has grown in the past years in Transylvania, and similarly the number of tourists has risen. On the other hand, writings that recommend Transylvania as an outstanding destination are more and more frequent in the international public sphere, in other words, it increasingly appears on the map of international tourism.

Examining the Use of Personal Pronouns in Political Speeches by Tun Dr. Mahathir and President Trump

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nur Ilyana Elisa Aiman Haris Fadzilah ◽  
Maizura Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Political Persuasion

Personal pronouns are often used to the point they often get overlooked. Unlike content words, they do not convey meaning but portray the perception of the speaker (Nakaggwe, 2012). Looking deeper into this, personal pronouns have the power to include or exclude a person or people of the subject (Khafaga, 2021), and it is crucial to master them especially in the political context. However, cultural differences exist in the use of personal pronouns since culture affects the way a person communicates and interprets information (Gocheco, 2012). For this reason, this qualitative research attempts to identify the use of personal pronouns, specifically those that demonstrate inclusiveness and exclusiveness, in the collectivistic Malaysian and individualistic American cultures, and compare the similarities and differences in the use of personal pronouns in speeches given by Tun Dr. Mahathir who represents the collectivistic Malaysian culture and Mr. Trump who represents the individualistic American culture. The AntConc software was used to determine the speech profiles and identify the personal pronouns based on the coding schemes and guidelines. It was found that the most popular personal pronoun used in their speeches is we, while the least popular are me and the subject singular you. They was used more frequently by Tun Dr. Mahathir to indirectly address the audience, while Mr. Trump opted to directly convey his message by using the plural you. The results have practical implications for speech writing and political persuasion and negotiation skills.

Genitive coordinations with personal pronouns

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Web Based ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Genitive Case ◽  
National Corpus

English genitive noun-phrase coordinations follow two patterns. The first is the single genitive, in which exponence of the genitive case occurs solely on the final coordinate, e.g. Mary and Jane's; and the second is the multiple genitive, in which exponence of the genitive case occurs on all coordinates, e.g. Mary's and Jane's. When either of the coordinates is a personal pronoun, difficult choices have to be made about the form of the pronoun. These difficulties arise especially with the single genitive, which is judged to be totally ungrammatical in coordinations like *my wife and I's or *my wife and my. On the other hand, the alternative use of the multiple genitive, my wife's and my, conflicts with a preference for the single genitive when the coordinates are felt to constitute a single unit. In this article, we first conduct a corpus-based analysis for genitive coordinations with personal pronouns, based on the British National Corpus. This, supplemented by some non-standard examples from web-based sources, gives some insight into the choices actually made by native speakers. We then provide a theoretical account of the syntactic problems that genitive coordinations with pronouns create. This account is shown to be compatible solely with an analysis of the English ’s genitive as an inflectional affix.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN USING PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Helty Sinaga ◽  
Bertaria Sohnata Hutauruk
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
The Subject

This study is aimed to investigate the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing recount text at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar”. In this research, the problem is as follows: “What are the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing recount text at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar?”. The objective is to find out the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsintar. To answer the problem above, the researcher intends to use the theories of Collins (2014), Siahaan (2007), Derewinka (1990), William (2005), Frank (1972). The methodology used in this research is the Qualitative research. The subject of this research is grade Eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar. The data collected by observation. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that there were three kinds of students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing text, namely: Personal pronoun as subject (34%), personal pronouns as the object (24%), and personal pronoun as a possessive adjective (42%). It can be concluded that the students at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar still have difficulties in using personal pronouns when they write a recount text based on their experience. The researchers suggest the students’ should memorize the kinds of personal pronouns so they can use it well.  

scholarly journals Morphosyntax Analysis of Acehnese Clitic

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Denni Iskandar ◽  
Mulyadi ◽  
Iskandar Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Grammatical Theories

Clitic has challenged many grammatical theories because it is a combination between syntax and morphology. At most theory, clitization is considered as a phenomenon of phrase because the clan of its form is similar to affixes attached to whole phrase. Some experts claim that clitic is one form that is difficult to identify and classify. This qualitative research investigates the clitic of Acehnese in the perspective of morphosyntax. This research found that Acehnese consists of proclitic and enclitic. The function is to emphasize the topic being talked by the subject. In general, Acehnese clitic is a relatively complex personal pronoun because Acehnese’s pronominal system is identical with the content of morality (politeness and friendship). Each personal pronoun has its own proclitic and enclitic including the adjustment of clitic for variant personal pronouns which refers to the level of politeness. In addition to personal pronoun, the clitic in Acehnese is also used to refer to noun or nounphrase either to animals, plants, or other types of nouns.

scholarly journals Discourse Analysis of a Song Lyric Entitled "We Will Not Go Down”

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Faizal Risdianto
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Song Lyric ◽  
Song Lyrics

This library research aimed at finding the three aspect of discourse analysis: contextual, grammatical and lexical aspect of Michael Heart’s song lyrics entitled “We will not go down (Song for Gaza). After analysis it can be found that the life experience and background of the song writer and singer is closely related to the idea proposes within the song lyrics. Whereas, the result of the grammatical and lexical analysis gives a depiction of cohesion and coherence of the song discourse of “We will not Go Down (Song for Gaza)”. There are eight (8) forms of first plural personal pronoun of “We”, four (4) second plural personal pronoun of ‘You” and seven (7) third personal pronouns in various forms. On the other side, it is difficult to find lexical aspects of this song discourse. There is only one form of anaphoric repetition. The repetition of the sentence “We Will Not Go Down” seven times is to influence the hearers whether they are supporters or opponents of the idea brought by the singer/the author that whatever happens Palestinian people will not surrender to every force, nation or people that want to colonialize them. 

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