scholarly journals Representation of Males and Females in Myanmar Culture through a Selection of Myanmar Literary Works in English

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tin Moe Yi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Selection Of

<p class="1Body">In Myanmar, although men and women have equal rights under the customary law, conservative cultural belief prevents to enjoy these rights between men and women. Therefore men are still superior and women are subordinate in Myanmar society. To reach a better understanding of whether equality exists between men and women in Myanmar society, a particular type of literary work which is reflection of Myanmar culture can be explored. Therefore, Myanmar short stories, written originally in English by Myanmar author Daw Khin Myo Chit and the selection of Myanmar short stories written originally in Myanmar by various kinds of Myanmar authors but translated into English by Myanmar writer Ma Thanegi, are chosen to be investigated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the way in which males and females are represented in Myanmar short stories which reflect Myanmar culture. Gender analysis by Khurshid, Gillani, and Hashmi (2010) is conducted to analyze the data. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze short stories. It is found that the data found in Daw Khin Myo Chit’s short stories and Ma Thanegi’s translated works were the same. The results showed that there is no significant difference between males and females except occupational roles. It can also be observed that in analyzing Myanmar short stories, although women play the important roles as equal as men in most cases, women are still inferior rather than men according to Myanmar culture and Myanmar tradition.</p>

scholarly journals Gender Representation in Myanmar Literary Works in English

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Tin Moe Yi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Men And Women

Gender representation is significant in every country in South East Asia. In Myanmar, an Asian country, men and women have equal rights under Myanmar customary law, but there is still inequality in some situations. However, gender discrimination is not a prominent social feature; and awareness and understanding of this feature cannot be reached without a course to literary work, which is a reflection of Myanmar culture and Myanmar society. Therefore, to see how gender is represented in Myanmar society, short stories which reflect Myanmar real culture are chosen to be analyzed in this study. That is why, speech acts and some specific linguistic features are investigated and analyzed on the topic of how men and women are represented and portrayed in Myanmar short stories. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are conducted for analyzing the data; descriptive statistical analysis is used for quantitative method and sociolinguistic explanation is presented for qualitative method. Through speech act theory, it is found that there is no difference between males and females in using directives and assertive speech acts. In terms of linguistic features, it is found that reporting verbs, adverbs and adjectives used to portray male characters are described negatively rather than the features used for portraying the female characters. This seems to suggest that males have more negative images than females. Moreover, that the subjects of sentences in the data refer to males more than females is likely to imply that males are leaders and females followers in Myanmar society.

scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurship in Higher Technology Education Students: Gender Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Yessica García-Hernández ◽  
Jessica Mendoza-Moheno ◽  
Brenda Midhely García-Ortíz
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student Test

The topic of social entrepreneurship is of great importance due to the diverse problems that society faces, which require the development of effective projects with a social conscience that is oriented to contribute to community well-being. The aim of this research was to analyse the social entrepreneurial intentions of students from the business area in a higher education institution, with the purpose of identifying significant differences regarding gender. The study is empirical, descriptive, and exploratory, using a quantitative approach. The   sample consisted of 228 students, of which 45.61% are male and 54.39% are female. The statistical method was applied through the t-student test, which allows us to accept the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the social entrepreneurial intentions between men and women.  

Field Dependence: Experimenters' Expectancy, Sex Difference or No Difference?

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Munoz Peplin ◽  
Janet D. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Expectancy Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Expected Outcomes

The possibility that sex differences found in previous research on field dependence may have been due partly to experimenters' expectancy was investigated. Three pairs of naive student-experimenters received different information about expected outcomes for males and females on the Rod and Frame Test and the Embedded Figures Test. There was no evidence of an experimenters' expectancy effect, but there was also no significant difference in the performance of men and women on these two tests of field dependence.

Cognitive Style and Choice of Leisure Activities by Older Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-842
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Petrakis ◽  
Carole J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activity Choices ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

The relationships between cognitive style and choice of leisure activities by older adults (55 yr. and older) were investigated. Also examined were the differences between 7 men and 9 women in cognitive style and selection of leisure activities. Subjects were administered the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess the cognitive style and the Leisure Activities Blank to determine preferences for leisure activities. Moderate Pearson product-moment coefficients were obtained between cognitive styles and choice of both past and future leisure activities for the total group as well as some leisure activity choices for the 9 women. There was no significant difference between men and women in cognitive style. There were differences between men and women in choices of past activities, and those for future activities seemed to follow traditional patterns of leisure behavior of older adults. Cross-validation is essential.

Selection of Skill or Chance Determined Reinforcement as a Function of Locus of Control

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Female College ◽  
Extra Credit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Of

51 male and 45 female college students were given Rotter's I-E questionnaire and then allowed to volunteer to earn extra credit by attempting either a task for which supposedly skill determined outcome or one for which outcome supposedly was governed by chance. There was a significant correlation between I-E score and number of choices of skilled task. There was a non-significant difference between males' and females' I-E scores. An initially significant difference between males' and females' number of skill choices disappeared when the effect of differences in I-E scores was removed through analysis of covariance. Non-volunteers scored significantly more external than volunteers.

Sex Differences in the Perception of Romantic Love-Mate Attraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Female Respondent ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Supremacy

A sample of 450 male and 450 female single young adults were questioned as to whether they regarded romantic love-mate attraction as (a) easier for men than for women, (b) easier for women than for men, or (c) equally difficult for men and women. For both the males and females surveyed, the “equally difficult” alternative was endorsed the most frequently, the “easier for women” alternative the next most frequently, and the “easier for men” alternative the least frequently. The significant difference between the two distributions reflects a greater tendency among male than among female respondent to see mate attraction as easier for women. The results are thus contradictive of sexist attitudes of male supremacy in young people of both sexes, at least as far as the interpersonal marketplace is concerned. Directions for future research are outlined.

scholarly journals The Value of Foramen Magnum Diameters for Gender Identification Among Iranian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Siamak Soltani ◽  
Kamran Aghakhani ◽  
Hanieh Saboori-Shekofte ◽  
Sahar Rismantab-Sani ◽  
Forouzan Faress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: By assessing the size of the foramen magnum, it is possible to distinguish two genders, as well as the intergenerational interdependence of the affected individuals. The present study aimed at assessing the value of diameters of foramen magnum for gender identification among the Iranian population.Methods: This analytical comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 200 Iranian cadavers (100 men and 100 women) referred to Kahrizak Autopsy Hall in Tehran between 2017 and 2018. In each case, the foramen magnum was measured by observation and its parameters were measured in a longitudinal anteroposterior and transverse diameter, using a calibrated caliper.Results: The Mean±SD anterior-posterior diameter of the foramen magnum in men and women were 35.59±0.49 mm and 33.90±1.07 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Similarly, the Mean±SD transverse diameter of the foramen magnum in males and females was 29.49±0.56 mm and 28.5±0.50 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Based on the area analysis under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum had a high value in the differentiation of the male and female genders (AUC=0.953 and 0.896, respectively, P<0.001). The Mean±SD foramen magnum index in men and women was 84.15±3.02 and 82.87±1.95, respectively, which had a significant difference between the two genders.Conclusion: Given that the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum in Iranian men are far more than Iranian women, these diameters can be used to distinguish between the two genders in the precise legal field.

scholarly journals Does Customary Law Discriminate Balinese Women’s Inheritance Rights?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Hanna Christine Ndun ◽  
Sarah Suttor ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Dike Widhiyaastuti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

There is a stereotype with regard to the rights of the Balinese women on inheriting under the Balinese tradi-tional customary law. It is generally assumed that the law discriminates Balinese women as well as against the human rights principle of equality. This article analyzes the contemporary problems of such issue and would demonstrate the actual principles, rules and practices, including the essential concept of the rights under the Balinese traditional customary law of inheritance. This issue has been explored under a normative legal approach where the resources are primarily taken from the relevant national legal instruments and court decisions, instead of textbooks and journals. An interview has also been commenced for clarifying some aspects of the issue. This article concludes that there has been a generally misleading on viewing the Balinese customary law as discriminating women on an inheritance issue, as in fact, the law also provides rules for supporting women’s rights for inheriting. The law in a certain way has properly preserved the right of women for inheriting in which women under the law have also enjoyed rights for inheriting, especially the daughter and widow. In contrast, the Balinese men that are generally perceived as the ultimate gender enjoying privileges rights to inherit, in the practice of inheritance in the traditional community are also subject to some discrimination. The law has provided a set of rule of inheritance both for men and women where they are subject to certain equal rule and condition. The law also clarifies that both genders are enjoying equal rights on inheritance in a certain portion and situation binding under the principle of balancing between rights and obligation for each side.

Tooth Width and Arch Dimensions in Normal and Malocclusion Samples: An Odontometric Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Sarah AL-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish tooth width and arch dimensions in normal and malocclusion samples and to compare tooth width and arch dimensions between males and females in normal and malocclusion samples. A total of 120 pairs of orthodontic study casts were included in the study. An electronic digital caliper was used for the measurements. Descriptive statistics and the t-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Tooth width and arch dimensions were established in normal and malocclusion in the present study. Significant differences were found in tooth width between normal and malocclusion samples. However, no significant difference was observed in arch dimensions. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference in tooth width between males and females where the males showed higher mean values. The same was true when arch dimensions were compared. The results of the current investigation are of great value to the anthropologist as well as to the orthodontist in understanding dimensional arch criteria and orthodontic arch wire selection. Furthermore, it helps the prosthodontist in the selection of the correct shape and size of stock impression trays and of suitable molds of artificial teeth for fixed and removable prostheses. Citation Hashim HA, Al-Ghamdi SAF. Tooth Width and Arch Dimensions in Normal and Malocclusion Samples: An Odontometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:036-051.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Different Language Choice through Personal Pronouns in the Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Hafiz Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Concordance Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Generic Pronouns

This study aimed to find evidence regarding the use of personal pronouns in the discourses produced by males and females. Personal pronouns were chosen as the object of analysis, as several studies has suggested them as one of the features that may distinguish the gender of the authors. This study analysed publically available corpus, Rovereto Twitter N-Gram Corpus (RTC), utilized by Herdagdelen (2013). It is gender-of-the-author tagged, which makes the author’s gender analysis easier. The corpus was analysed using AntConc (Anthony, 2014). From AntConc’s concordance analysis, it was found that women utilised more personal pronouns, especially the ones that can create closer bond. On the other hand, men have greater tendency to distant themselves using generic pronouns than women. In conclusion, men and women in this study may use personal pronouns differently. Keyword: Personal Pronoun, Twitter, AntConc

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