scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Selected Botanicals and their Effectiveness Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Susmita Gautam ◽  
Subodh Khanal ◽  
Dipak Khanal ◽  
Saroj Raj Mishra ◽  
Sunil Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Laboratory experiment was done to perform the phytochemical screening of six locally available botanicals (Azadirachta indica Juss, Artemisia dubia Wall, Lantana camara L, Parthenium hysterophorus L, Justicia adhatoda Linn. and Moringa oleifera L.) and their effectiveness to control the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) at Agriecology lab of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal. Seven treatments (leaf extract of A. indica, A. dubia, L. camara, P. hysterophorus. J. adhatoda and M. oleifera and distilled water as control) applied at 3 different doses (0.5, 1 & 2g/50g seeds) were arranged in CRD design with 3 replications. Result of mortality test of maize weevil revealed that, at highest concentration of L. camara powder (T17- 2g/50 gm seeds) mortality of maize weevil was observed up to 85% at 45 DAT. Whereas number of damaged grain was lowest in T17 (L. camara powder- 2g/50 gm seeds). The effectiveness of botanicals was found to increase with increasing the concentration. Besides that, Justicia adhatoda (2g/50g seeds) and Artemisia dubia (1g/50g seeds) were also found as good candidates to use for the control of Sitophilus zeamais. Qualitative tests done for the presence of various phytochemicals showed that Azadirachta indica Juss and Artemisia dubia Wall. were found to contain most of the tested metabolites among all botanicals. Most of those phytochemicals were extracted by the aqueous solution rather than other 3 menstrums used (acetone, methanol and petroleum ether). Similarly, quantitative test revealed that percentage of alkaloid was found 18.01%, 17.78%, 17.75%, 11.58%, 8.20%, 6.78% and flavonoid15.32%, 13.63%, 12.86%, 11.36%, 7. 51% 2.85% respectively in L. camara L. P. hysterophorus L., J. adhatoda Linn., M. oleifera L., A. indica Juss. and A. dubia Wall. Leaf extract of L. camera found to contain highest botanicals extract reach in alkaloid and flavonoid mayhave insecticidal property and could be use as grain protectant percentage of alkaloid (18.01%) as well as flavonoid (15.32%) So, it was concluded that the locally available against the maize weevil at storage condition in cost effective and eco-friendly manner; however, application at proper dose is necessary to maintain the efficacy at higher level.

scholarly journals The Insecticide Toxicity and Repelling Ability of Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Leaf Extract on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfia Wulansari ◽  
Nur Rochman ◽  
Setyono Setyono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Insecticide Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. is a primary storage insect pest damaging maize grains. Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of 9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest

scholarly journals Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea and Azadirachta indica extracts against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
SA Babarinde ◽  
MO Petinrin ◽  
AD Adeleye ◽  
BS Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Significant Difference

Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and bark and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was evaluated under the laboratory conditions (77±4% relative humidity and 27±3°C temperature). When extracted doses were compared, mortality was dose- and exposure period-dependent. At 1 DAT, A. indica leaf extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher mortality (12.50-15.00%) than that of S. birrea bark extract (5.00-15.50%). However at 5 DAT, when 0.45 ml/33 cm2 was applied, mortality was not significantly (p>0.05) different and ranged from 91.25 to 97.5% for all the botanicals. When the extracting solvents were compared, mortality was exposure period-dependent with highest percentage mortality (99.17%) recorded at 5 DAT in S. birrea petroleum ether leaf extract, which was significantly higher than that of mortality observed in filter paper treated with the petroleum ether extracts of other botanicals. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of the two studied solvents. The results highlight the insecticidal potentials of the selected Nigerian-grown botanicals against maize weevil and recommend them as component of weevil Integrated Pest Management, in the areas where the botanicals are abundant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 337-342, 2017

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
William R. Patiño-Bayona ◽  
Leidy J. Nagles Galeano ◽  
Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes ◽  
Wilman A. Delgado Ávila ◽  
Eddy Herrera Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaf extract as seed protectant against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Diligent Oboho ◽  
Joseph Eyo ◽  
Felicia Ekeh ◽  
Solomon Okweche
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal property of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> leaf extract as seed protectant against maize weevil. One (1) gram each of acetone, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were re-suspended in 5 ml of deionized water and used to impregnate filter papers set in four replicates. Varied concentrations of the aqueous extract per 50 g of <em>Zea mays</em> grains infested with 10 pairs of sexed <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> for 28 days were tested for insecticidal properties and compared with experimental and synthetic conventional insecticide [Coopex (0.25 g)] controls. Parameters assessed were effect of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts on weevil mortality (toxicity test) and protection of maize against <em>S. zeamais</em>. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using New Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) concentration and duration dependent mortalities of <em>S. zeamais</em>. The aqueous extract gave the highest protection of the maize grains followed by chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts respectively. The insecticidal potency of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts and its availability places it as an attractive biopesticide in traditional post-harvest seed protection.

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Volatile Profiling of Azadirachta indica Leaves for the Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) Infestations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G.W.U. Perera ◽  
M.M.S.C. Karunaratne ◽  
S.D.M. Chinthaka
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss), is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties and is thus commercially exploitable. Apart from its medicinal potential, a considerable progress has been achieved regarding biological potential and chemical composition of the leaves which is an ever-increasing interest to the scientific community. During this study, biological phenomena and secondary metabolite composition of A. indica leaves were examined in the management of Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize. Insecticidal and repellent potential of A. indica leaf powders were evaluated in both contact and fumigant forms. Phytochemical screening of 11 phyto constituents was performed following the standard procedures for n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts. Volatile profile of A. indica leaves was characterized by employing headspace-solid-phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Over 60% weevil repellency was recorded at doses above 23.33%, whereas 100% and 67% contact and fumigation mortalities were observed respectively, 9 days after treatment at the dose of 33.33% and the respected LD50 values were 1.56 g and 4.48 g. Thirty two volatile compounds were identified in three distinct chemical classes (Monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid and purine nucleosides). γ-Elemene (24.06%), 3,7 (11)-eudesmadiene (6.83%), caryophyllene (6.40%), and 10s,11s-himachala-3(12),4-diene (6.36%) were the major constituents of neem leaf volatiles, followed by other compounds present in less than 4% which might be responsible for varied biological activities observed. Thus the odour impact of the bioassayguided study clearly implies that A. indica leaves can be harnessed against S. zeamais infestations.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Sitophilus zeamais, headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction, insecticidal activity, repellency

scholarly journals SPICES PLANT AS BIOINSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING MAIZE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOSTCH) Pemanfaatan Tanaman Rempah sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Penanggulangan Hama Kumbang Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayyub Arrahman ◽  
Muhammad Sudjak Saenong
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

<p>Indonesia has numerous and varied natural resources of spices plant which grow at almost all theregions. These plants can grow and adapt to the slightly diverse agroecological conditions and agroecosystems, from dry to wet. In general, the utilization of these plants by the community is still limited as ingredients and spices for culinary and flavoring instead of the potential of bioactive compounds contained therein. These resourcesare very useful and effective utilized asbioinsecticides to eradicate plant pests and diseases, as well as medicine for human. This paper discussed the benefits and efficacy of several spiceplants, namely lemongrass, shallots, garlic, sweet and chili peppers, clove, sand ginger (kencur), and pepper as herbicides at various levels of dosage and treatments. This manuscript also discussed the constraints and development strategies, and aimed to provide information on the science and technology in controlling the Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) pests in corn kernels during the storage period. It is expected that this paper would be useful for the policy makers, academicians, researchers and practitioners who have the competence to deal with beetle pest problems.</p><p>Keywords: Spices, bioinsecticides, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch), controlling</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman rempah yang tumbuh di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia sangat beragam. Tanaman ini beradaptasi pada berbagai agroekologi dan agroekosistem, mulai dari wilayah beriklim kering sampai beriklim basah. Pemanfaatan tanaman ini oleh masyarakat umumnya masih terbatas sebagai bahan rempah dan bumbu kuliner, penyedap masakan dan cita rasa, padahal senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk membasmi hama penyakit tanaman dan bahan obat kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini membahas manfaat dan kemanjuran dari beberapa tanaman rempah, yakni tanaman sereh, bawang merah, bawang putih, lombok merah, cengkeh, kencur, dan lada sebagai pestsisida nabati dalam berbagai dosis dan ragam perlakuan. Kendala dan strategi pengembangan pestisida nabati bagi penggulangan hama kumbang bubuk perlu mendapat perhatian yang tidak saja untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas, namun diperlukan sebagai informasi ilmu dan teknologi penanganan hama secara terpadu.</p><p>Kata kunci: tanaman rempah, bioinsektisida, hama kumbang bubuk, pengendalian</p>

scholarly journals Role of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on Spread of Aspergillus section flavi in Different Nepalese Maize Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K. Bhusal ◽  
D. Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Aspergillus Section Flavi ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch ◽  
Aspergillus Section ◽  
Plot Design

Experiments were conducted to find out the role of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on spread of green fungus, Aspergillus section flavi, in different varieties of stored maize in laboratory in 2016. Lab experiment was conducted to find the role of weevil on spread of A. flavus on five main varieties of maize grown at Nepal in split plot design, namely, Arun-2, Arun-4, Manakamana-1, Manakamana-3, and Rampur composite with three replications at NAST, Khumaltar, from August to September 2016. One hundred grams of each maize variety was exposed to weevil along with fungus and with fungus only to see the spread of the fungus under presence and absence of weevil. Among the tested five maize varieties, the lowest infestation was observed on Rampur Composite (14.99%) while it was the highest on Manakamana-3 (87.70%). The highest mean infestation (75.58%) was found under weevil released condition while it was lower (62.16%) under nonreleased condition. In presence of weevil, the infestation of the fungus increased and in their absence the infestation was low which signifies the role of weevil in fungal spread. All indices indicate that Rampur composite is the best variety among the five tested varieties in terms of storage under the presence of fungus and weevils. This study also indicates ample scope for further study on different varieties of maize under several storage conditions.

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