<p>Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Graphene Oxide Loaded with Erlotinib as an Effective Therapeutic Agent for Treating Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells</p>

Metal nanoparticles and the combination of metal nanoparticles with graphene oxide are widely used in environmental, agriculture, textile, and therapeutic applications. The effect of graphene oxide–green platinum nanoparticles (GO-PtNPs) on human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize a nanocomposite of GO-PtNPs and evaluate their effect on prostate cancer cells. Herein, we synthesized GO-PtNPs using vanillin and characterized GO-PtNPs. GO-PtNP cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells was demonstrated by measuring cell viability and proliferation. Both decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared to that by GO or PtNPs alone. GO-PtNP cytotoxicity was confirmed by increased lactate dehydrogenase release and membrane integrity loss. Oxidative stress induced by GO-PtNPs increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl contents. The effective reactive oxygen species generation impaired the cellular redox balance and eventually impaired mitochondria by decreasing the membrane potential and ATP level. The cytotoxicity to LNCaP cells was correlated with increased expression of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, Bak, caspase 9, and caspase 3) and decreased levels of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2 and Bcl-xl). Activation of the key regulators p53 and p21 inhibited the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk2 and Cdk4, suggesting that p53 and p21 activation in GO-PtNP-treated cells caused genotoxic stress and apoptosis. The increased expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA damage and repair, and increased levels of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine suggested that GO-PtNPs potentially induce oxidative damage to DNA. Thus, GO-PtNPs are both cytotoxic and genotoxic. LNCaP cells appear to be more susceptible to GO-PtNPs than to GO or PtNPs. Therefore, GO-PtNPs have potential as an alternate and effective cancer therapeutic agent. Finally, this work shows that the combination of graphene oxide with platinum nanoparticles opens new perspectives in cancer therapy. However further detailed mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GO-PtNPs induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer.

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Docetaxel-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Wrapped with Graphene Oxide for Effective Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2b6d462b8028d88d525 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Raj Thapa

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles

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Herbal Mixture Adsorbed to Polyethylene Glycol Microspheres Induces Apoptotic Effects on Breast Cancer Cells

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201814666171002141430 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aliny Aparecida Lopes Ribeiro ◽

Fabiana Helen da Silva ◽

Aron Carlos de Melo Cotrim ◽

Alessandra Lima Deluque ◽

Patricia Gelli Feres de Marchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Herbal Mixture ◽

Apoptotic Effects

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Co-delivery of Doxorubicin and D-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate by Magnetic Nanoparticles

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520618666180313154724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1138-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esra Metin ◽

Pelin Mutlu ◽

Ufuk Gündüz

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽

Mcf 7

Background: Although conventional chemotherapy is the most common method for cancer treatment, it has several side effects such as neuropathy, alopecia and cardiotoxicity. Since the drugs are given to body systemically, normal cells are also affected, just like cancer cells. However, in recent years, targeted drug delivery has been developed to overcome these drawbacks. Objective: The aim of this study was targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) which is an anticancer agent and D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS or simply TPGS) to breast cancer cells. For this purpose, Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and coated with Oleic Acid (OA). Coated nanoparticles were encapsulated in Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) and TPGS polymers and loaded with Dox. The Nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zetapotential analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Results: The results showed that NPs were spherical, superparamagnetic and in the desired range for use in drug targeting. The targetability of NPs was confirmed. Moreover, TPGS and Dox loading was shown by TGA and FTIR analyses. NPs were internalized by cells and the cytotoxic effect of drug loaded NPs on sensitive (MCF-7) and drug-resistant (MCF-7/Dox) cells were examined. It was seen that the presence of TPGS increased cytotoxicity significantly. TPGS also enhanced drug loading efficiency, release rate, cellular internalization. In MCF- 7/Dox cells, the drug resistance seems to be decreased when Dox is loaded onto TPGS containing NPs. Conclusion: This magnetic PLGA nanoparticle system is important for new generation targeted chemotherapy and could be used for breast cancer treatment after in vivo tests.

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Phase change-induced tunable dielectric permittivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene glycol/graphene oxide composites

Composites Part B Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.106920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 106920 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Junyang Tu ◽

Hairong Li ◽

Ziqing Cai ◽

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Xiang Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Dielectric Permittivity ◽

Phase Change ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Oxide Composites

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Polyethylene Glycol Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Nigella sativa Extract: A Smart Antibacterial Therapeutic Drug Delivery System

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3067

Author(s):

Mustafa A. Jihad ◽

Farah T. M. Noori ◽

Majid S. Jabir ◽

Salim Albukhaty ◽

Faizah A. AlMalki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Grain Size ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Seed Extract

Flaky graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Hummer’s method and then capped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) by an esterification reaction, then loaded with Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed extract. Aiming to investigate their potential use as a smart drug delivery system against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the spectral and structural characteristics of GO-PEG NPs were comprehensively analyzed by XRD, AFM, TEM, FTIR, and UV- Vis. XRD patterns revealed that GO-PEG had different crystalline structures and defects, as well as a higher interlayer spacing. AFM results showed GONPs with the main grain size of 24.41 nm, while GONPs–PEG revealed graphene oxide aggregation with the main grain size of 287.04 nm after loading N. sativa seed extract, which was verified by TEM examination. A strong OH bond appeared in FTIR spectra. Furthermore, UV- Vis absorbance peaks at (275, 284, 324, and 327) nm seemed to be correlated with GONPs, GO–PEG, N. sativa seed extract, and GO –PEG- N. sativa extract. The drug delivery system was observed to destroy the bacteria by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability.

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