Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Grape Seed Extract

In the present investigation, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of diethyl ether, methanol and aqueous Grape seed extracts were examined. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins in Grape seed extracts. The antibacterial activity was performed by agar-well diffusion method using different solvent extracts. Three bacterial pathogens such as gram positive- Streptococcus pyogenes and gram negativePectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas putida were used as test organisms. Among the three solvents used methanolic extract was found to be more active against tested pathogenic bacteria, as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. Among all the tested organisms Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be more sensitive by all the extracts. The results of present study supports the usage of Grape seeds and also suggests that methanolic grape seed extract possess compounds with antimicrobial property that can be used as antimicrobial agent for the therapy of infectious diseases caused by pathogens.

Neuroprotective effects of proanthocyanidins of grape seed extracts against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in PC12 cells

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio neurológico caracterizado pela destruição neuronal dopaminérgica. Devido à óbvia existência de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) principalmente em sementes de uva, Vitis Vinifera L era mais comumente usado em doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel das proantocianidinas do extrato de semente de uva exibindo efeitos neurocitoprotetores contra a citotoxicidade induzida por 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) em células PC12, prevenindo a depleção do conteúdo de GSH e reduzindo os níveis de nitrito e malondialdeído. As células foram pré-tratadas com proantocianidinas (100 µg / ml) e subsequentemente expostas a 6-OHDA a 50% da concentração letal. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a resposta ao PA em células PC12 aumentou significativamente a viabilidade celular, diminuiu a citotoxicidade. A atividade de apoptose induzida por OHDA foi determinada por citometria de fluxo usando anexina v e caspase-3 clivada e expressão de caspase-7 foram analisadas por western blot. Além disso, medimos marcadores de estresse oxidativo, como; Níveis de MDA, GSH e nitrito em células PC12. As proantocianidinas preveniram a citotoxicidade induzida por 6-OHDA, preveniram a depleção do conteúdo de GSH e reduziram os níveis de nitrito e malondialdeído. Além disso, as proantocianidinas atenuaram a redução induzida por 6-OHDA das proteínas caspase-3 e caspase-7 clivadas. Esses resultados sugerem que as proantocianidinas protegem as células PC12 contra a neurotoxicidade induzida pela 6-OHDA por meio da atividade antioxidante e apoptótica.

Neuroprotective effects of proanthocyanidins of grape seed extracts against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in PC12 cells

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio neurológico caracterizado pela destruição neuronal dopaminérgica. Devido à óbvia existência de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) principalmente em sementes de uva, Vitis Vinifera L era mais comumente usado em doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel das proantocianidinas do extrato de semente de uva exibindo efeitos neurocitoprotetores contra a citotoxicidade induzida por 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) em células PC12, prevenindo a depleção do conteúdo de GSH e reduzindo os níveis de nitrito e malondialdeído. As células foram pré-tratadas com proantocianidinas (100 µg / ml) e subsequentemente expostas a 6-OHDA a 50% da concentração letal. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a resposta ao PA em células PC12 aumentou significativamente a viabilidade celular, diminuiu a citotoxicidade. A atividade de apoptose induzida por OHDA foi determinada por citometria de fluxo usando anexina v e caspase-3 clivada e expressão de caspase-7 foram analisadas por western blot. Além disso, medimos marcadores de estresse oxidativo, como; Níveis de MDA, GSH e nitrito em células PC12. As proantocianidinas preveniram a citotoxicidade induzida por 6-OHDA, preveniram a depleção do conteúdo de GSH e reduziram os níveis de nitrito e malondialdeído. Além disso, as proantocianidinas atenuaram a redução induzida por 6-OHDA das proteínas caspase-3 e caspase-7 clivadas. Esses resultados sugerem que as proantocianidinas protegem as células PC12 contra a neurotoxicidade induzida pela 6-OHDA por meio da atividade antioxidante e apoptótica.

Change of Serum Metabolome and Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens Supplemented With Grape Seed Extracts

Grape seed is rich in vitamin E, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins and has the potential to be used as an antibiotic substitute in broilers. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on growth performance, immune responses, cecal microflora, and serum metabolism in early stage broilers. Data indicated that GSPE improved broiler growth performance by strengthening antioxidant capacity, enhancing immune responses, and increasing cecal short chain fatty acids. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that GSPE changed the predominant cecal microflora and induced the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. An UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis identified 23 serum metabolites (mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and alkaloid) were extremely changed by GSPE treatment. The correlations between the changes of cecal microflora and serum metabolites in birds fed with GSPE were analyzed. Hence, GSPE potentially provides active ingredients that may be used as antibiotic substitute and reduces environmental pollution by grape by-products.

Effect of Grape Seed Extract in Minimizing the Harmful Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on the Chicken Embryonic Retina to Show Scientific Miracles In the Holy Quran

In 1969, a Canadian laboratory announced that its studies on synthetic alkaline (cyclamate) proved to be a carcinogen despite its use for more than twenty years in the beverage industry. There are many additives that have raised the controversy about the large extent of safety to consumers and the most famous controversy and consumption is the article of monosodium glutamate (MSG) which touched research on the negative impact on samples of research experiments. This research aims to study the effect (MSG) on the formation of retina in chicken embryos and the potential improvement effects of GSE grape seed extracts during incubation as part of the solutions provided in the event of the long term use of MSG and its accumulation in the body Human. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups based on the injection period and the injected substances. The first control group(Injected with saline), the second group, treated with MSG, the 3rd group were treated with Monosoudim glutamate and grape seed extract at days 0,1 of incubation, whereas the 4thgroup,was treated with MSG and then the GSE (M – G) were given at3,4 days post MSG . The effect of the experimental materials on the development of the retina at the age of 14 was investigated in the current work. The results showed that the treatment of embryos with MSG dose (0.1 ml) caused many of the abnormalities at the level of tissue formation of the retina, and after the treatment of the fetus with GSE was noted to reduce the damage to the tissue of the retina. The results showed that the treatment of embryos with MSG dose (0.1 ml) caused many of the abnormalities at the level of tissue form of the retina, and after the treatment of the fetus with GSE was noted to reduce the damage to the tissue of the retina.