scholarly journals COMPARATIVE KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO SPECIES OF CRINUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Shahla Firdaus ◽  
◽  
Kamini Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Index Form ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
The Family ◽  
Crinum Asiaticum

Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. are members of the family Amaryllidaceae. Karyomorphological studies of these two species had been performed by using different quantitative and qualitative parameters to know the karyotype asymmetry, which defines the advanced and primitive nature of these two species. The study revealed that Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. are diploid with 2n=22 chromosomes. based on Total Chromatin Length, Arm Ratio, Gradient Index, Form Percentage, Total Form Percentage, Karyotype Asymmetry Index, Symmetry Index, and Stebbins classification, Crinum asiaticum L. is more advanced than Crinum latifolium L.

scholarly journals Orcein and DAPI-stained karyotype analysis of Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Ashma Ahmed Warasy
Keyword(s):  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Karyotype Analyses ◽  
Dapi Banding ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Karyotype analyses are required for the identification, characterization, and genetic improvement of any organism. Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don. was investigated cytogenetically to determine the karyotypic features. Complex chromocenter type, of interphase nuclei, and gradient type of prophase chromosomes were found in this study. Alocasia macrorrhizos was found to possesses 2n=28 chromosomes. The total length of the 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 98.83±1.39 μm. The range of chromosomal length was 2.50±0.10-4.70±0.10 μm. A gradual decrease in chromosomal length was observed. The total form (TF%) value was found to be 43.58%, Karyotype symmetry index (Syi %) was 77.00 % and karyotype asymmetry index (AsK %) was 56.66%. The centromeric formula was 18m+4sm+2ac, representing asymmetric karyotype. In DAPI banding, the 1.48% positive banded region indicates the lower amount of AT rich repeats in this material. Therefore, Alocasia macrorrhizos could be authentically characterized through karyotype analysis. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 27-35: June 2021

Cytogenetic Diversity and Characterization of Vicia sativa Subspecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berk Benlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Background: Vicia sativa L. is variable genus comprised of several subspecies. Close relative species and subspecies of the cultivated species are easily usable gene sources because they have gained resistance against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objectives of this study are to identify and describe the cytogenetical and karyological characteristics of subspecies in the Vicia sativa complex.Methods: The research material consisted of multiple entries collected from the five subspecies of nine taxa. All cytological observations made from root tips. Six chromosomal parameters (chromosome length, relative length, long arm length, short arm length, arm ratio and centromeric index) and five karyotype asymmetric parameters (difference in relative length, total form percentage, intrachromosomal asymmetry index, interchromosomal asymmetry index and mean centromeric asymmetry) were determined.Result: It was determined that the chromosome number of subspecies were 2n =10-12. The haploid chromosome lengths of subspecies were 15.86-33.88 µm and the average chromosome lengths varied between 2.64-5.65 µm. According to the intrachromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. segetalis was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. sativa “Antalya” was the most symmetric karyotype. According to the interchromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. angustifolia was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. nigra was the most symmetric karyotype.

scholarly journals Comparative karyomorphological analysis of two varieties of Brassica campestris from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Ashma Ahmed Warasy
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identification and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Karyotypes and genome size of Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina (Ranunculaceae) from Asian Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
A.S. Erst ◽  
W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Amur Oblast ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Karyotype Formula

The karyotypes of Adonis amurensis from Amur Oblast,' and Adonis apennina from Altai Republic, Khakassia Republic, and Irkutsk Oblast' have been investigated. The karyotype formula was obtained as 2n = 2x =16 = 8m + 8sm(4sat) for all specimens. We estimated karyotype asymmetry through the calculation of the Coefficient of Variation of Chromosome Length (CVCL), Coefficient of Variation of Centromeric Index (CVCI), and Mean Centromeric Asymmetry (MCA), and determination of Stebbins asymmetry index. The chromosome set of Adonis amurensis was found to be more symmetrical than the chromosome set of Adonis apennina. The average absolute nuclear DNA content (2C–value) was originally determined for Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina by flow cytometry and attained on average 20.38 pg and 17.29 pg, respectively.

scholarly journals Morphological, anatomical and cytological investigations on three taxa of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Taşar ◽  
Gülden Doğan ◽  
Yaşar Kiran ◽  
M. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Uğur Çakilcioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Karyotype Length

Morphological, anatomical and cytological features of three Turkish taxa of Centaurea L., viz. C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia, C. urvillei DC. subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata Wagenitz were investigated. Stem anatomy revealed the presence of a thick cuticle layer outside the stem, and epidermis with dense hairs was observed in the lower part. Investigation on leaf anatomy showed that different types of hairs on the outside of the leaf were very intense. Palisade parenchyma was observed below the upper and lower epidermis. In Centaurea polypodiifolia var. polypodiifolia, chromosome number was found to be 2n=16, while in C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata 2n=20. Total karyotype length of C. polypodiifolia var. polypodiifolia, C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. urvillei subsp. armata was 22.9 µm, 37.84 µm and 40.01 µm, respectively. Among the investigated taxa the karyotype asymmetry index was found lowest in C. urvillei subsp. armata. Satellite was detected in C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and subsp. armata, while it was absent in C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia. 

scholarly journals Cytotaxonomy of four Floral Variants of Impatiens Balsamina L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Dash ◽  
Md Harun Ar Rashid ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
M Oliur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Total Chromosome Length ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Orcein Staining

Karyomorphological characters were investigated in four floral variants of Impatiens balsamina L. viz. white, pink, violet and red for proper characterization and inferring relationships among them. All four floral variants of I. balsamina were found to possess 2n = 14 chromosomes, and ‘Simple Chromocenter Type’ of interphase nuclei was observed in all variants with many small heterochromatin blocks after orcein staining. ‘Continuous Type’ of prophase chromosomes was found in red variant, whereas both ‘Continuous and Gradient Type’ were found in other three variants. The red variant could easily be distinguished from the remaining three variants by total chromosome length, centromeric formula, average chromosome length, total form value, and karyotype asymmetry plus symmetry index. Based on karyomorphology, the white, pink and violet variants of I. balsamina were found very closely related and constituted with similar genome, whereas red variant was found to possess slightly modified genome and distinct from other three floral variants. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1-9, 2019

Triassic sponges (Sphinctozoa) from Hells Canyon, Oregon

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wallowa Terrane ◽  
Unique Condition ◽  
Hells Canyon

Two Upper Triassic sphinctozoan sponges of the family Sebargasiidae were recovered from silicified residues collected in Hells Canyon, Oregon. These sponges areAmblysiphonellacf.A. steinmanni(Haas), known from the Tethys region, andColospongia whalenin. sp., an endemic species. The latter sponge was placed in the superfamily Porata by Seilacher (1962). The presence of well-preserved cribrate plates in this sponge, in addition to pores of the chamber walls, is a unique condition never before reported in any porate sphinctozoans. Aporate counterparts known primarily from the Triassic Alps have similar cribrate plates but lack the pores in the chamber walls. The sponges from Hells Canyon are associated with abundant bivalves and corals of marked Tethyan affinities and come from a displaced terrane known as the Wallowa Terrane. It was a tropical island arc, suspected to have paleogeographic relationships with Wrangellia; however, these sponges have not yet been found in any other Cordilleran terrane.

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