scholarly journals PHYSICAL PRETREATMENT OF ULVA FASCIATA FOR ENHANCINGBIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Nihal Galal Shams El-Din ◽  
◽  
Nayrah A. Shaltout ◽  
Mustafa A. Ghazal ◽  
Alaa E. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Exposure ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Astm D6751

The green algae Ulva faciata was subjected to different physical pretreatments comprising thermal and mechanical techniques at different experimental conditions to state the most appropriate method of cell disruption for increasing the quantity of the extracted lipid and hence improve the quality of the produced biodiesel with low cost. Thermal pretreatment was autoclaving of either wet or dry algal biomass, while mechanical pretreatments include microwave and ultrasonication at different time intervals. The control was the alga without pretreatment extracted at optimum conditions: 60 min, 55oC, shaking speed at 250 rpm, < 0.16 mm particle size with 25:1 v/w solvent to solid ratio. The results showed that the quantity of extracted lipids in case of using all physical pretreatments increased the Total fatty acids yield significantly by about 2-folds of the control for wet algae in hydrothermal treatment with optimum time of treatment 40 minutes, and 1.4 folds for dry algae in thermal pretreatment of the dried alga for 60minutes autoclaving period. The sharp increase by 2.2 folds of extracted lipids was recorded by microwave pretreatment for radiation period (5 min), while ultrasonication showed 2.1-fold increase in lipid yield at 15minutes ultrasound exposure time. Concerning the physical properties of the produced biodiesel after all physical pretreatments, the results indicated that the produced biodiesel had very high quality as all its properties are almost complied with the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. These results were confirmed statistically where all physical pretreatments had high significant effect on fatty acids yield and Biodiesel properties.

scholarly journals Quality of wheat germ oil obtained by cold pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Özcan ◽  
A. Rosa ◽  
M.A. Dessi ◽  
B. Marongıu ◽  
A. Pıras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Cold Pressing ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Pressed

Laboratory-prepared wheat germ oil was obtained by cold pressing and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction. The main objective was to compare the quality of both oil samples obtained, with emphasis on their fatty acids compositions and tocopherol contents. The percentages of palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids determined in the cold-pressed oil were 15.89, 15.48, 54.88, and 7.34% of total fatty acids, respectively, and those in the oil extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> were 16.50, 15.05, 54.79, and 7.29% of total fatty acids, respectively. The average proportions of saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids calculated for wheat germ oil obtained by cold pressing accounted for 17.15, 17.63, and 62.22% of total fatty acids, respectively, and those calculated for wheat germ oil extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> were very similar, accounting for 18.14, 17.58, and 62.08% of total fatty acids, respectively. As expected, the fatty acid profiles determined in both oils studied were observed to be almost identical. In contrast, the level of &alpha;-tocopherol in the oil extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> was found to be considerably higher (1.27 mg/g) than that in the oil obtained by the cold pressing procedure (0.79 mg/g). &nbsp;

The fatty acid composition of the conidia and mycelia of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Evans ◽  
Michael A. Moclock ◽  
Michael A. Gealt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Disappearance

The total fatty acids were characterized from conidia, exponential phase, and stationary phase Aspergillus nidulans. Several quantitative and qualitative variations were observed. Most notable was the approximately 15-fold increase in linolenate observed during the 1st day of incubation and its subsequent total disappearance by day 4.

scholarly journals Alkali-catalyzed Transesterification of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Eman H. Ahmed ◽  
Azhari H. Nour ◽  
Omer A. Omer Ishag ◽  
Abdurahman H. Nour
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Proper Size ◽  
Oil Density ◽  
Astm D6751

The need of energy never comes to an end so; the challenge is to procure power source sufficient to offer for our energy needs. Besides, this energy source must be dependable, renewable, recurring and non-contributing to climate change. Aims: This study was aimed to produce biodiesel from Roselle seed oil and to investigate its quality.  Methodology: The Roselle seeds were clean from dirt, milled to proper size and the oil was extracted using soxhlet with n-hexane as solvent. The extracted oil was subjected to physiochemical analysis tests and then transesterified using methanol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst; with ratio of oil to alcohol 1:8 at 65°C. The quality of produced biodiesel was investigated and compared to international standards. The fatty acid composition of the produced biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Results: Based on the experimental results, the yellow with characteristic odor oil was obtained from the seeds had the following physicochemical properties: yield, 12.65%; refractive index (25°C), 1.467 m ; free fatty acids, 5.5%; saponification value, 252 mg KOH/g of oil; density, 0.915 g/mL and ester value, 241 mgKOH/g. Also the biodiesel yield achieved was 96%, with density, 0.80 g/mL; API, 44.63; Kinematics viscosity @ 40˚C, 0.742; Pour point, < -51˚C; and Micro Carbon Residual (MCR), 0.65%; which conformed to the range of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard specifications. However, the GC-MS analysis result revealed that the biodiesel produced was methyl ester and free other undesired products such as linoleic acid (33%), elaidic acid (29%) and palmitic acid (17%) and other biomolecules. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Roselle seed oil had potential for biodiesel production due to its high contains of free fatty acids. Therefore, in the future, more investigations in alcohol: oil ratio and the concentration of catalyst may be warranted to increase the yield much more.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition including trans isomers of Serbian biscuits

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Kravic ◽  
Zvonimir Suturovic ◽  
Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic ◽  
Zorica Stojanovic ◽  
Mira Pucarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat

An experimental study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the quality of the lipid fraction of Serbian biscuits. Total fat contents of the biscuit samples ranged between 10.2% and 24.5%. The saturated, cis-monounsaturated and cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were within the ranges of 18.585.6%, 10.649.9% and 2.713.3% of total fatty acids, respectively. The content of trans fatty acids (TFA) ranged from 0.0% to 42.5% and the mean was 10.2%. In a total of 34 investigated samples, 10 of them were found to be trans - free, 8 contained low level of TFA (under 2%), 4 samples contained between 2 and 10% of TFA, while 12 samples contained very high amounts of TFA (12.042.5%). The results obtained showed a considerable variability in fatty acid composition of biscuits which indicated that different types of fats and oils were used for production of biscuits in Serbia.

scholarly journals LIPID CONTENT AND QUALITY OF PECAN POLLEN

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264B-264
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
Samuel D. Senter ◽  
L.J. Grauke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Effects

Pollen from five cultivars (cvs.) of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was sampled at Brownwood and College Station, Texas, in 1991 and 1992. Samples were analyzed for cytoplasmic lipid classes and constituent fatty acids. Lipid classes in all cvs. included phosphatidyl inasitol, phosphatidyl swine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. Triglycerides were the predominant class of lipids in all cvs. analyzed. Fatty acids, qualitated and quantitated by gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis, included palmitie (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) adds. Quantities of individual and total fatty acids were significantly influenced (P> 0.05) by tree age. Within a uniform age class, quantities of individual and total fatty acids varied greatly and were significantly influenced by cultivar, year, and location as well as by interactions of main effects. The percent composition of individual fatty acids was stable in relation to total fatty acids in the sample, despite wide variation in quantities of fatty acids in different samples. Total fatty acids varied from 2.53% to 0.25% of dry weight. How this large variability in stored energy levels among pollen sources may affect orchard production is discussed.

Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Chao Ouyang ◽  
Shanglong Kou ◽  
Shenghua Wang ◽  
Yunyi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. The 1524-bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated as HaDGAT1, encodes a protein of 507 amino acids with a molecular mass of 58.5 kDa showing high homology to DGAT1 enzymes of other plants. The protein characters, such as a predicted structure with a long N-terminal hydrophilic domain followed by 9 transmembrane domains, acyl-CoA-binding signature, diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding and putative endoplasmic reticulum retrieval motifs (ER-DIR), also indicated that HaDGAT belongs to the DGAT1 family. HaDGAT1 is expressed in all plant tissues especially in developing seeds. Expression of recombinant HaDGAT1 in yeast showed an 1.76-fold increase of total fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (enhanced by 86.6%) and oleic acid (enhanced by 81.6%).

scholarly journals Characterization of Biodiesel from Alkaline Refinement of Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Aliru Olajide Mustapha ◽  
Amina Abiola Adebisi ◽  
Bukola Opeyemi Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
American Standard

The waste cooking oil (WCO) is a low cost and prospective feedstock with no competitive food uses for biodiesel production, but the yield and quality have been greatly affected by impurities.  This study examined the chemical and fuel quality of biodiesel of both WCO and alkaline treated WCO.  The transesterification process using the alkaline treated cooking oil (ACO) methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst followed the Association of Officials of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) techniques. The pH values between 7.27 and 8.65 were found for alkaline treated cooking methyl ester (ACME), alkaline treated cooking oil (ACO) and WCO. Density of ACME, ACO and WCO varied between 0.89 and 0.93 (g/cm3). The fatty acids found were benzoic acid (3.77%), octanoic acid (8.35%), and palmitic acid (75.02%) – most abundant. Comparison of results with the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) values showed quality enhancements of ACO in physicochemical and fuel properties over WCO. The biodiesels from ACO have enhanced emulsification, fuel and free fatty acids qualities over the WCO, showing the refinement methodology of WCO has overall improvement in the biodiesel purity and quality against the previous conflicting reports.

scholarly journals Lab-Scale Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Culture Medium for Improved Growth and DHA Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Mafalda Trovão ◽  
Hugo Pereira ◽  
Margarida Costa ◽  
Adriana Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Scale Optimization

Thraustochytrids have gained increasing relevance over the last decades, due to their fast growth and outstanding capacity to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this context, the present work aimed to optimize the growth performance and DHA yields by improving the culture medium of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043. Accordingly, two distinct culture media were optimized: (i) an inorganic optimized medium (IOM), containing only monosodium glutamate and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively; and (ii) an organic and sustainable waste-based optimized medium (WOM), containing corn steep powder and glycerol, added in fed-batch mode, as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Overall, the lab-scale optimization allowed to increase the biomass yield 1.5-fold and enhance DHA content 1.7-fold using IOM. Moreover, WOM enabled a 2-fold increase in biomass yield and a significant improvement in lipid contents, from 22.78% to 31.14%. However, DHA content was enhanced almost 3-fold, from an initial content of 10.12% to 29.66% of total fatty acids contained in the biomass. Therefore, these results strongly suggest, not only that the production pipeline was significantly improved but also confirmed the potential use of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043 as a source of DHA.

scholarly journals Physiological, Histological, and Molecular Analyses of Avocado Mesocarp Fatty Acids During Fruit Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ge ◽  
Xiangshu Dong ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Zining Xu ◽  
Zhaoxi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are important components of the avocado mesocarp, so a better understanding of how their change during fruit development will contribute to improving the quality of avocado fruits and their nutritional value. The changes in fatty acids, lipid droplets, and expression of some key genes and regulators participating in late glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis were analyzed at different stages of the development of avocado mesocarp. The total fatty acid contents of the avocado mesocarp increased during fruit development, with an increase by a factor of seven (from 1,628.04 to 11,116.30 mg/100 g dry weight) in the late stage of fruit maturation, this was confirmed by the changes observed in the lipid droplets. The composition of the main fatty acids varied at four developmental stages of fruit development. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acid contents generally increased during fruit development, reaching maxima at Harvest, with percentages of total fatty acids of 50%, 9%, 31%, and 8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of PaWRI1, PaACP4-2, and PapPK-&beta;1 expressed consistently increased by up to 4-fold during fruit development. This comprehensive analysis has indicated that the changes in the expressions of PaWRI1, PaACP4-2, and PapPK-&beta;1 were consistent with those in the total fatty acid contents, so they might have key roles in the accumulation of oil in the avocado mesocarp.

scholarly journals Quality of oil used to prepare French fries in Dhaka city

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
MA Kabir ◽  
S Khan ◽  
SA Lisa ◽  
F Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Dhaka City

To evaluate the quality of oil used to prepare French fries, fifteen samples of three different categories were collected from Dhaka city. Using solvent extraction method, oils were extracted from the samples. Fatty acid composition, color, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) of the extracted oils were analyzed. It was found that soybean oil and palm oil were used for frying purpose. Majority of the samples (60%) had peroxide value more than 10 meqO2/kg with highest value of 17.57(±1.39) meqO2/kg. Average color score was found 53.17(±12.73), yellow score was 17.16(±3.79) and red score was 7.2(±3.27). FFA content of the extracted oils were 0.33(±0.29) with the highest value 1.828(±0.029). Fatty acid composition revealed that palmitic acid and oleic acid were the dominant fatty acid with the highest concentration of 43.71±3.39% and 49.54 ±3.6314% respectively. Trans fatty acid was found in 80% of the extracted oils, most frequent trans fat was trans linoleic acid (C18:2) where as trans oleic acid (C18:1) was found in highest concentration 3.7020 ±0.3448. PV and trans fatty acids revealed that the quality of oil used in low cost shops were lower than middle and high cost shops.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 117-124, 2018

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