scholarly journals Lab-Scale Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Culture Medium for Improved Growth and DHA Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Mafalda Trovão ◽  
Hugo Pereira ◽  
Margarida Costa ◽  
Adriana Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Scale Optimization

Thraustochytrids have gained increasing relevance over the last decades, due to their fast growth and outstanding capacity to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this context, the present work aimed to optimize the growth performance and DHA yields by improving the culture medium of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043. Accordingly, two distinct culture media were optimized: (i) an inorganic optimized medium (IOM), containing only monosodium glutamate and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively; and (ii) an organic and sustainable waste-based optimized medium (WOM), containing corn steep powder and glycerol, added in fed-batch mode, as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Overall, the lab-scale optimization allowed to increase the biomass yield 1.5-fold and enhance DHA content 1.7-fold using IOM. Moreover, WOM enabled a 2-fold increase in biomass yield and a significant improvement in lipid contents, from 22.78% to 31.14%. However, DHA content was enhanced almost 3-fold, from an initial content of 10.12% to 29.66% of total fatty acids contained in the biomass. Therefore, these results strongly suggest, not only that the production pipeline was significantly improved but also confirmed the potential use of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043 as a source of DHA.

Fetal bovine serum induces changes in fatty acid composition ofTrypanosoma cruziphosphoinositides

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Racagni ◽  
M. G. de Lema ◽  
G. Hernández ◽  
E. E. Machado-Domenech
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a necessary constituent of the culture media employed to foster the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. In different laboratories, the serum is used at final concentrations of 5 or 10%. We have normally supplemented the complex medium with 10% FBS. Under this condition we have described the fatty acid composition of the total lipids and of the phosphoinositide fractions. Additionally, we have reported the increase of polyphosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid after cholinergic stimulation. Since further attempts to reproduce these results with 5% FBS in the culture medium were not successful, the effect of the FBS concentration on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the T. cruzi epimastigote forms was thoroughly examined. This work showed that when the FBS concentration supplementing the culture medium was reduced from 10 to 5%, the fatty acid composition of the phosphoinositides was altered while the other major phospholipids were not significantly affected. The most relevant result was the decrease in the content of linoleic acid (18:2) and the increase of palmitoleic acid (16:1) in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol phosphate also exhibited similar changes in the same fatty acids. The C2fatty acid composition of the phosphoinositides, under the same conditions, is also reported here for the first time.Key words: Trypanosoma cruzi, fatty acids, phosphoinositides, fetal bovine serum, phospholipids.

The fatty acid composition of the conidia and mycelia of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Evans ◽  
Michael A. Moclock ◽  
Michael A. Gealt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Disappearance

The total fatty acids were characterized from conidia, exponential phase, and stationary phase Aspergillus nidulans. Several quantitative and qualitative variations were observed. Most notable was the approximately 15-fold increase in linolenate observed during the 1st day of incubation and its subsequent total disappearance by day 4.

scholarly journals Productivity and quality of Moina sp. cultivated with various culture medium

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Taufik Shidik Adi Nugroho Shidik ◽  
Julie Ekasari ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Mia Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Study Results

Cultivation of Moina sp is still constrained by its quality, productivity, and sustainability. The alternative solution is the use of cultivation media materials that have high nutritional content and easily available in large quantities to support the quality and productivity of Moina sp. and meet the needs of live feed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of various culture medium on the productivity and nutritional quality of Moina sp.. Five culture media were tested in laboratory scale, i.e. organic ingredient (BO), Chlorella sp. (Ch), Chlorella sp. + organic ingredients (ChBO), biofloc (BF) and biofloc + organic ingredients (BFBO). While in mass scale, four culture media were tested, i.e. Chlorella sp. (Ch), Chlorella sp. + Organic Ingredients (ChBO), Biofloc (BF) and Biofloc + Organic Ingredients (BFBO). The peaks of Moina sp. density in different treatments were achieved in different days. ChBO treatments significantly had higher productivity (P<0.05). The highest protein content was found in Moina sp. cultured with ChBO media, even higher than artemia. Moina sp. cultured with Chlorella sp. (Ch) showed the highest PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) contents, while the highest MUFA (mono unsaturated fatty acids) contents was obtained from Moina sp. cultured with BFBO media lower than artemia. The study results indicates that different culture media produces different productivity and nutrient quality of Moina sp. The organic material combination of Chlorella sp. + organic material (ChBO) was the best media to improve the productivity and protein quality of Moina sp.    Keywords : Biofloc, Chlorella sp., Moina sp., organic matter, productivity, quality   ABSTRAK   Budidaya Moina sp. masih terkendala pada kualitas, produktivitas dan kestabilan dalam ketersediaannya. Untuk itu diperlukan penggunaan bahan media budidaya yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi tinggi dan mudah didapat dalam jumlah banyak untuk mendukung kualitas dan produktivitas Moina sp. demi memenuhi kebutuhan pakan hidup. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai media budidaya terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas nutrisi Moina sp. Lima media kultur yang diuji dalam penelitian laboratorium yaitu Bahan Organik (BO), Chlorella sp. (Ch), Chlorella sp. + Bahan Organik (ChBO), Bioflok (BF) dan Bioflok + Bahan Organik (BFBO). Sedangkan pada penelitian skala massal diuji empat media kultur yaitu Chlorella sp. (Ch), Chlorella sp. + Bahan Organik (ChBO), Bioflok (BF) dan Bioflok + Bahan Organik (BFBO). Puncak kepadatan Moina sp. pada tiap perlakuan dicapai pada hari yang berbeda. Perlakuan ChBO memiliki produktivitas yang lebih tinggi (P<0,05). Kandungan protein Moina sp. tertinggi ditemukan pada media ChBO dan bahkan lebih tinggi dari pada artemia. Moina sp. yang dibudidayakan dengan Chlorella sp. (Ch), menunjukkan kandungan PUFA tertinggi, sedangkan kandungan MUFA yang tertinggi terdapat pada Moina sp. yang dibudidayakan dengan bahan media BFBO namun masih lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kandungan pada artemia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media kultur yang berbeda menghasilkan produktivitas dan kualitas nutrisi moina yang berbeda. Kombinasi bahan organik Chlorella + bahan organik (ChBO) merupakan media terbaik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas nutrisi terutama protein Moina sp.   Kata kunci : Bioflok, Chlorella sp., Moina sp., bahan organik, produktivitas, kualitas

scholarly journals Cultivation Method Effect on Schizochytrium sp. Biomass Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production with the Use of Waste Glycerol as a Source of Organic Carbon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Natalia Kujawska ◽  
Szymon Talbierz ◽  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz ◽  
Marcin Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Dha Production

Inexpensive carbon sources offering an alternative to glucose are searched for to reduce costs of docosahexaenoic acid production by microalgae. The use of waste glycerol seems substantiated and prospective in this case. The objective of this study was to determine the production yield of heterotrophic microalgae Schizochytrium sp. biomass and the efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid production in various types of cultures with waste glycerol. Cultivation conditions were optimized using the Plackett–Burman method and Response Surface Methodology. The highest technological performance was obtained in the fed-batch culture, where the concentration of Schizochytrium sp. biomass reached 103.44 ± 1.50 g/dm3, the lipid concentration in Schizochytrium sp. biomass was at 48.85 ± 0.81 g/dm3, and the docosahexaenoic acid concentration at 21.98 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The highest docosahexaenoic acid content, accounting for 61.76 ± 3.77% of total fatty acids, was determined in lipid bodies of the Schizochytrium sp. biomass produced in the batch culture, whereas the lowest one, accounting for 44.99 ± 2.12% of total fatty acids, in those of the biomass grown in the fed-batch culture.

Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Chao Ouyang ◽  
Shanglong Kou ◽  
Shenghua Wang ◽  
Yunyi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. The 1524-bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated as HaDGAT1, encodes a protein of 507 amino acids with a molecular mass of 58.5 kDa showing high homology to DGAT1 enzymes of other plants. The protein characters, such as a predicted structure with a long N-terminal hydrophilic domain followed by 9 transmembrane domains, acyl-CoA-binding signature, diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding and putative endoplasmic reticulum retrieval motifs (ER-DIR), also indicated that HaDGAT belongs to the DGAT1 family. HaDGAT1 is expressed in all plant tissues especially in developing seeds. Expression of recombinant HaDGAT1 in yeast showed an 1.76-fold increase of total fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (enhanced by 86.6%) and oleic acid (enhanced by 81.6%).

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PRETREATMENT OF ULVA FASCIATA FOR ENHANCINGBIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Nihal Galal Shams El-Din ◽  
◽  
Nayrah A. Shaltout ◽  
Mustafa A. Ghazal ◽  
Alaa E. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Exposure ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Astm D6751

The green algae Ulva faciata was subjected to different physical pretreatments comprising thermal and mechanical techniques at different experimental conditions to state the most appropriate method of cell disruption for increasing the quantity of the extracted lipid and hence improve the quality of the produced biodiesel with low cost. Thermal pretreatment was autoclaving of either wet or dry algal biomass, while mechanical pretreatments include microwave and ultrasonication at different time intervals. The control was the alga without pretreatment extracted at optimum conditions: 60 min, 55oC, shaking speed at 250 rpm, < 0.16 mm particle size with 25:1 v/w solvent to solid ratio. The results showed that the quantity of extracted lipids in case of using all physical pretreatments increased the Total fatty acids yield significantly by about 2-folds of the control for wet algae in hydrothermal treatment with optimum time of treatment 40 minutes, and 1.4 folds for dry algae in thermal pretreatment of the dried alga for 60minutes autoclaving period. The sharp increase by 2.2 folds of extracted lipids was recorded by microwave pretreatment for radiation period (5 min), while ultrasonication showed 2.1-fold increase in lipid yield at 15minutes ultrasound exposure time. Concerning the physical properties of the produced biodiesel after all physical pretreatments, the results indicated that the produced biodiesel had very high quality as all its properties are almost complied with the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. These results were confirmed statistically where all physical pretreatments had high significant effect on fatty acids yield and Biodiesel properties.

scholarly journals Assessing the salt tolerance of Spirulina platensis freshwater strains and examining cheap culture media for cultivation of the potential strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392
Author(s):  
Luu Thi Tam ◽  
Le Thi Thom ◽  
Nguyen Cam Ha ◽  
Hoang Thi Minh Hien ◽  
Ngo Thi Hoai Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Marine And Brackish Waters

Spirulina cyanobacteria have been widely cultivated to exploit products such as crude protein, vitamins, phycocyanin pigment... with high nutritional and pharmacological values. However, the commercialization of these products is still a challenging issue due to high biomass cost, which is mainly caused by expensive nutrients in the culture medium. In this study, from 11 freshwater S. platensis strains, by culture screening, we found 7 strains being capable of profitable growth on inexpensive seawater with salinity ranging from 5 - 30‰, and selected ST strain as the potential strain for further study. Natural seawater must be pretreated to remove ions that easily cause precipitation of nutrients in the culture medium such as Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42-… before using. The ST strain showed the best growth in the natural seawater medium with 30‰ salinity containing 3 g/L NaNO3, 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, 0.05 g/L FeSO4. This strain reached the highest biomass yield at 0.487 g/L and the specific growth rate (µ) of 0.12 x day-1; protein and phycocyanin contents reached 48.6% and 127 mg/g of dry biomass, respectively. There was no difference in the mentioned above values with biological statistical significance between this medium and SOT medium in distilled water. The ST strain biomass was qualified to be used for the production of functional foods. Results of this study provided scientific basis for the use of marine and brackish waters to produce biomass of this highly economic cyanobacterium.

scholarly journals PPARα Gene Expression in the Developing Rat Kidney: Role of Glucocorticoids

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203
Author(s):  
FATIMA DJOUADI ◽  
JEAN BASTIN
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Rat Kidney Cortex

Abstract. The α isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα), which is highly expressed in the kidney, can stimulate the expression of genes that are involved in fatty acid catabolism and therefore might be involved in the control of renal fatty acid β-oxidation. PPARα expression and its regulation in the immature kidney are not well documented. This study delineated the developmental pattern of PPARα expression in the rat kidney cortex and the medulla between postnatal days 10 and 30 and investigated the role of glucocorticoids in regulating PPARα expression. In the cortex, PPARα mRNA and protein increased 2- and 1.8-fold, respectively, from 10 to 21 d and then decreased 1.5- and 2.4-fold from 21 to 30 d. In the medulla, PPARα mRNA and protein increased continuously 3.3- and 2.4-fold, respectively. It is shown here that acute treatment by dexamethasone of 10-d-old rats precociously induced a 4- to 6-fold increase in PPARα mRNA and a 1.8-fold increase in protein within 6 h in each part of the kidney. Chronic injection of dexamethasone for 3 d also increased PPARα mRNA 3.8- and 2.2-fold in the cortex and the medulla, respectively, with a 1.5- and 2-fold increase in protein. Furthermore, adrenalectomy prevented the increases in PPARα mRNA and protein in both the cortex and the medulla between postnatal days 16 and 21, and these could be restored by dexamethasone treatment. Finally, with the use of an established renal cell line, it was shown that glucocorticoids stimulate gene expression of PPARα and of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD, a PPARα target gene) 2- to 4-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, and that addition of fatty acids in the culture media led to a 2.2-fold increase in MCAD mRNA. Altogether, these results demonstrated that glucocorticoids are potent regulators of PPARα development in the immature kidney and that these hormones act in concert with fatty acids to regulate MCAD gene expression in renal cells.

scholarly journals Humanized Culture Medium for Clinical Expansion of Human Erythroblasts

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Migliaccio ◽  
Massimo Sanchez ◽  
Francesca Masiello ◽  
Valentina Tirelli ◽  
Lilian Varricchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Clinical Use

Ex vivo-generated erythroblasts represent alternative transfusion products. However, inclusion of bovine components in media used for their growth precludes clinical use, highlighting the importance of developing culture media based on pharmaceutical grade reagents. In addition, because adult blood generates ex vivo lower numbers of erythroblasts than cord blood, cord blood has been proposed as the source of choice for ex vivo erythroblast production. To clarify the potential of adult blood to generate erythroblasts ex vivo, experiments were designed to identify growth factors [stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), erythropoietin (EPO), and/or thrombopoietin (TPO)] and the optimal concentration and addition schedule of hormones (dexamethasone and estradiol) sustaining maximal erythroid amplification from adult blood mononuclear cells (MNC) using media with serum previously defined as human erythroid massive amplification culture (HEMAser). Adult MNC stimulated with SCF and IL-3 in combination with EPO generated a 6–12-fold increase in erythroid cells while TPO was ineffective. Dexamethasone and estradiol (both at 10−6 M) exerted partially overlapping but nonredundant functions. Dexamethasone was indispensable in the first 10 days of culture while estradiol was required from day 10 on. The growth factor and hormone combinations identified in HEMAser were then used to formulate a media composed of dialyzed pharmaceutical grade human albumin, human albumin-lipid liposomes, and iron-saturated recombinant human tranferrin (HEMAdef). HEMAdef sustained erythroid amplification as efficiently as HEMAser for cord blood MNC and 10-fold higher than HEMAser for adult blood MNC. In fact, the numbers of erythroblasts generated in HEMAdef by adult MNC were similar to those generated by cord blood MNC. In conclusion, this study identifies growth factors, hormone combinations, and human protein-based media that allow similar levels of ex vivo erythroid expansion from adult and cord blood MNC, paving the way to evaluate adult blood as a source of ex vivo-expanded erythroblasts for transfusion.

scholarly journals Using Odd-Alkanes as a Carbon Source to Increase the Content of Nutritionally Important Fatty Acids inCandida krusei, Trichosporon cutaneum,andYarrowia lipolytica

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Matatkova ◽  
Lucia Gharwalova ◽  
Michal Zimola ◽  
Tomas Rezanka ◽  
Jan Masak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Trichosporon Cutaneum ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
High Biomass Yield ◽  
Lipids Accumulation

We investigated the possibility of utilizing unusual carbon sources by three yeast strains:Candida kruseiDBM 2136,Trichosporon cutaneumCCY 30-5-10, andYarrowia lipolyticaCCY 30-26-36. These strains are characterized by high biomass yield, ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids, and their potential as producers of dietetically important fatty acids. The aim of this work was the production of nutritionally important fatty acids by utilization of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, alone and in combination with glucose and subsequent analysis of microbial lipids accumulation and fatty acid profile. All three yeast strains were able to grow and produce high amounts of the fatty acids of interest.Yarrowia lipolyticawas found as the most suitable strain for the growth on n-alkanes (n-pentadecane and n-heptadecane) as the only source of carbon. The addition of biosurfactants rhamnolipids into the cultivation increased the ratio of heptadecenoic acid (up to 17.9% of total FAs inY. lipolytica CCY 30-26-36, 14.9% inT. cutaneum CCY 30-5-10,and 17.5% inC. krusei DBM 2136) and the total biomass yield. The results show that, by manipulation of the initial cultivation conditions, the ratio of important fatty acids may be increased.

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