scholarly journals REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE CFD-BEM APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING POWER LOSSES OF ICED-UP WIND TURBINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 633-652
Author(s):  
Fahed Martini ◽  
◽  
Leidy Tatiana Montoya Contreras ◽  
Adrian Ilinca ◽  
Ali Awada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Power Curves

The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in wind turbine design and analysis is becoming increasingly common in research on wind energy, resulting in a better knowledge of the aerodynamic behaviour of rotors. Due to the deformation of blade airfoils on account of icing, a significant drop in aerodynamic performance brings wind turbines to lose considerable portions of their productivity. Estimating power degradation due to icing via 3D simulation, although it is essential to capture the three-dimensional turbulence effects, is very costly in computational resources despite technological development it then becomes unfeasible when it comes to different operation scenarios to estimate icing originated power losses. The Quasi-3D simulation based on the CFD-BEM method is a practical alternative for generating wind turbines power curves. It showed effectiveness in predicting performance up to a certain level. More than few studies in the literature have adopted this approach to generate the power curve for both clean (un-iced) and iced-up wind turbines. However, the methodology was not adequately presented and discussed for wind turbine icing. This paper reviews the results of almost all the up-to-date published papers that approached this method, summarizing the findings and federates the research in that field to conclude with concrete facts and details that advance research in this domain.

Development and Field Testing of an Inclined Flanged Compact Diffuser for a Micro Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Power Curves

Micro wind turbines installed in various applications, experience average wind speed for most of the time during operations. Power produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cubic power of the wind velocity and a small increase in wind velocity results increases power output significantly. The approach wind velocity can be increased by covering traditional wind turbine with a diffuser. Researchers are continuously working to develop a compact, lightweight, cost effective and feasible diffuser for wind turbines. The present work carried out to develop a diffuser with these stated objectives. A compact, lightweight inclined flanged diffuser developed for a micro wind turbine. Bare micro wind turbine and wind turbine covered with developed efficient inclined flanged diffuser tested in the field as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and results presented in the form of power curves. The prediction of annual energy production for both wind turbines determined as per IEC standards.

scholarly journals Research on the Power Capture and Wake Characteristics of a Wind Turbine Based on a Modified Actuator Line Model

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Feifei Xue ◽  
Heping Duan ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Xingxing Han ◽  
Yanqing Shangguan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Line Model ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Actuator Line Model

On a wind farm, the wake has an important impact on the performance of the wind turbines. For example, the wake of an upstream wind turbine affects the blade load and output power of the downstream wind turbine. In this paper, a modified actuator line model with blade tips, root loss, and an airfoil three-dimensional delayed stall was revised. This full-scale modified actuator line model with blades, nacelles, and towers, was combined with a Large Eddy Simulation, and then applied and validated based on an analysis of wind turbine wakes in wind farms. The modified actuator line model was verified using an experimental wind turbine. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted on two NREL 5 MW wind turbines with different staggered spacing to study the effect of the staggered spacing on the characteristics of wind turbines. The results show that the output power of the upstream turbine stabilized at 5.9 MW, and the output power of the downstream turbine increased. When the staggered spacing is R and 1.5R, both the power and thrust of the downstream turbine are severely reduced. However, the length of the peaks was significantly longer, which resulted in a long-term unstable power output. As the staggered spacing increased, the velocity in the central near wake of the downstream turbine also increased, and the recovery speed at the threshold of the wake slowed down. The modified actuator line model described herein can be used for the numerical simulation of wakes in wind farms.

scholarly journals ВІЗУАЛЬНА МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ЕЛЕКТРОМЕХАНІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВІТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ УСТАНОВКИ З АЕРОДИНАМІЧНИМ МУЛЬТИПЛІКУВАННЯМ

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Д. Г. Алексієвський ◽  
К. В. Манаєв ◽  
О. О. Панкова ◽  
А. В. Таранець ◽  
С. Л. Шмалій
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Electromechanical System ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Building a visual mathematical model of the electromechanical wind power system with aerodynamic multiplication. In the process of constructing a visual mathematical model of the electromechanical system of wind turbines with aerodynamic multiplication, a mathematical apparatus for describing the system in local mean values of variables was used. Verification of the mathematical model was carried out in the MATLAB Simulink program. A visual mathematical model of the electromechanical system of wind turbines with aerodynamic multiplication is developed, which includes mechanical power losses on the shaft of the primary wind turbine. The visual mathematical model of the electromechanical system of wind power plant with aerodynamic multiplication taking into account the mechanical power losses on the shaft of the primary wind turbine with uneven distribution of power flows between the three secondary aeromechanical subsystems was proposed for the first time.

Evaluation Criteria and Estimate of Output From a Small-Scale Wind Turbine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Small
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Site Conditions

This paper will evaluate a specific site located in southwestern Virginia, providing design criteria that are important considerations at this site. The evaluation will predict the output from a 6 blade HAWT model at the height and location of the site. As a small scale wind turbine, the process of determination of relevant considerations to establish the turbine selection and output are weighted to establish the evaluation criteria. A review of the specific site conditions are presented in detail. This information includes: three-dimensional topographic review, wind and weather profile of the site and surrounding environmental conditions of the site. With this information the decision path for the specific siting is discussed. Characteristics of the site that will be considered to calculate output are: historical data of wind profile of the region, height of tower, affect of other objects and affect of wind turbulence. A discussion of current modeling options will be compared. The design and components of the small scale wind turbine chosen for this application will be compared to other wind turbines of similar size and cost. Considerations of the turbine that are considered are: size of wind turbine, cost of wind turbine, predictable output of the wind turbine based on design of the various wind turbines, requirements for the tower for each turbine and predicted maintenance for each turbine. Initial performance of the selected turbine will be available by presentation of information.

Simulation Analysis of Planetary Gears Train of Semi-Direct Drive Wind Turbine Based on ADAMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li Cheng ◽  
Zheng Ming Xiao ◽  
Li Rong Huan ◽  
Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Planetary Gears

The speed increasing gearbox is the key part of the wind turbine and its role is to transmit power which is generated by wind turbines to the generator through the gear system. The single-stage planetary gears train system is commonly used in the semi-direct drive wind turbines. In this paper Pro/E is used to establish the three-dimensional model of the speed increasing planetary gear system of the semi-direct drive wind turbine. Motion pairs, drive and load of the model are added by ADAMS. Angular velocity change rule of the parts is obtained. The change rules of the mesh force of the planetary gears, ring and sun gear can be obtained through the dynamic simulation and analysis using the contact algorithm. These are useful to study the vibration and noise of the system.

scholarly journals Optimal Irregular Wind Farm Design for Continuous Placement of Wind Turbines with a Two-Dimensional Jensen-Gaussian Wake Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longyan Wang ◽  
Yunkai Zhou ◽  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Wake Effect ◽  
Coordinate Method ◽  
Wind Farm Design ◽  
Wake Model ◽  
Farm Design

Optimal design of wind turbine placement in a wind farm is one of the most effective tools to reduce wake power losses by alleviating the wake effect in the wind farm. In comparison to the discrete grid-based wind farm design method, the continuous coordinate method has the property of continuously varying the placement of wind turbines, and hence, is far more capable of obtaining the global optimum solutions. In this paper, the coordinate method was applied to optimize the layout of a real offshore wind farm for both simplified and realistic wind conditions. A new analytical wake model (Jensen-Gaussian model) taking into account the wake velocity variation in the radial direction was employed for the optimization study. The means of handling the irregular real wind farm boundary were proposed to guarantee that the optimized wind turbine positions are feasible within the wind farm boundary, and the discretization method was applied for the evaluation of wind farm power output under Weibull distribution. By investigating the wind farm layout optimization under different wind conditions, it showed that the total wind farm power output increased linearly with an increasing number of wind turbines. Under some particular wind conditions (e.g., constant wind speed and wind direction, and Weibull distribution), almost the same power losses were obtained under the wake effect of some adjacent wind turbine numbers. A common feature of the wind turbine placements regardless of the wind conditions was that they were distributed along the wind farm boundary as much as possible in order to alleviate the wake effect.

scholarly journals Nacelle power curve measurement with spinner anemometer and uncertainty evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Demurtas ◽  
Troels Friis Pedersen ◽  
Rozenn Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract. The objective of this investigation was to verify the feasibility of using the spinner anemometer calibration and nacelle transfer function determined on one reference wind turbine, in order to assess the power performance of a second identical turbine. An experiment was set up with a met mast in a position suitable to measure the power curve of the two wind turbines, both equipped with a spinner anemometer. An IEC 61400-12-1-compliant power curve was then measured for both wind turbines using the met mast. The NTF (nacelle transfer function) was measured on the reference wind turbine and then applied to both turbines to calculate the free wind speed. For each of the two wind turbines, the power curve (PC) was measured with the met mast and the nacelle power curve (NPC) with the spinner anemometer. Four power curves (two PCs and two NPCs) were compared in terms of AEP (annual energy production) for a Rayleigh wind speed probability distribution. For each wind turbine, the NPC agreed with the corresponding PC within 0.10 % of AEP for the reference wind turbine and within 0.38 % for the second wind turbine, for a mean wind speed of 8 m s−1.

scholarly journals Wind turbine beyond 20 MW – technology perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simonović ◽  
◽  
Aleksandar Kovačević ◽  
Toni Ivanov ◽  
Miloš Vorkapić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Further Development

The trend of wind turbine development has a special significance in the exploitation of renewable energy sources. At higher altitudes, we have better wind energy utilization higher speed and their conversion are achieved in the best possible use of wind turbines. The development of new technologies opens space for a new generation of wind turbines with a 20MW rated power. In recent years, various feasibility studies have shown that wind turbines with large rotor diameter and high towers give positive shifts in the analysis of structural and aerodynamic parameters, with a focus on reducing overall mass and damping vibrations due to the use of new materials. In this paper, the evolution of high power wind turbines and an overview of the technological development of the basic components of the turbine will be presented. Perspectives in the further development of wind turbines with rated power above 20MW will be also considered.

Structural damping sensitivity affecting the flutter performance of a 10-MW offshore wind turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 3037-3047
Author(s):  
Xugang Hua ◽  
Qingshen Meng ◽  
Bei Chen ◽  
Zili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Structural Damping ◽  
Torsional Mode ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines

Classical flutter of wind turbine blades is one of the most destructive instability phenomena of wind turbines especially for several-MW-scale turbines. In the present work, flutter performance of the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine is investigated using a 907-degree-of-freedom aero-hydro-servo-elastic wind turbine model. This model involves the couplings between tower, blades and drivetrain vibrations. Furthermore, the three-dimensional aerodynamic effects on wind turbine blade tip have also been considered through the blade element momentum theory with Bak’s stall delay model and Shen’s tip loss correction model. Numerical simulations have been carried out using data calibrated to the referential DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine. Comparison of the aeroelastic responses between the onshore and offshore wind turbines is made. Effect of structural damping on the flutter speed of this 10-MW offshore wind turbine is investigated. Results show that the damping in the torsional mode has predominant impact on the flutter limits in comparison with that in the bending mode. Furthermore, for shallow water offshore wind turbines, hydrodynamic loads have small effects on its aeroelastic response.

Small-Scale Wind Turbine Testing in Wind Tunnels Under Low Reynolds Number Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Van Treuren
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Low Reynolds ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Turbine Airfoils

Much of the aerodynamic design of wind turbines is accomplished using computational tools such as XFOIL. These codes are not robust enough for predicting performance under the low Reynolds numbers found with small-scale wind turbines. Wind tunnels can experimentally test wind turbine airfoils to determine lift and drag data over typical operating Reynolds numbers. They can also test complete small wind turbine systems to determine overall performance. For small-scale wind turbines, quality experimental airfoil data at the appropriate Reynolds numbers are necessary for accurate design and prediction of power production.

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