Wind turbine beyond 20 MW – technology perspective

The trend of wind turbine development has a special significance in the exploitation of renewable energy sources. At higher altitudes, we have better wind energy utilization higher speed and their conversion are achieved in the best possible use of wind turbines. The development of new technologies opens space for a new generation of wind turbines with a 20MW rated power. In recent years, various feasibility studies have shown that wind turbines with large rotor diameter and high towers give positive shifts in the analysis of structural and aerodynamic parameters, with a focus on reducing overall mass and damping vibrations due to the use of new materials. In this paper, the evolution of high power wind turbines and an overview of the technological development of the basic components of the turbine will be presented. Perspectives in the further development of wind turbines with rated power above 20MW will be also considered.

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Life Cycle Assessment of a Barge-Type Floating Wind Turbine and Comparison with Other Types of Wind Turbines

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14185656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5656

Author(s):

Nurullah Yildiz ◽

Hassan Hemida ◽

Charalampos Baniotopoulos

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Floating Wind Turbine

The intensive increase of global warming every year affects our world negatively and severely. The use of renewable energy sources has gained importance in reducing and eliminating the effect of global warming. To this end, new technologies are being developed to facilitate the use of these resources. One of these technological developments is the floating wind turbine. In order to evaluate the respective environmental footprint of these systems, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is herein applied. In this study, the environmental impact of floating wind turbines is investigated using a life cycle assessment approach and the results are compared with the respective ones of onshore and jacket offshore wind turbines of the same power capacity. The studied floating wind turbine has a square foundation that is open at its centre and is connected to the seabed with a synthetic fibre-nylon anchorage system. The environmental impact of all life cycles of such a structure, i.e., the manufacture, the operation, the disposal, and the recycling stages of the wind turbines, has been evaluated. For these floating wind turbines, it has been found that the greatest environmental impact corresponds to the manufacturing stage, whilst the global warming potential and the energy payback time of a 2 MW floating wind turbine of a barge-type platform is higher than that of the onshore, the jacket offshore (2 MW) and the floating (5 MW) wind turbines on a sway floating platform.

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Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen ◽

10.1007/s10010-021-00479-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcus Wiens ◽

Sebastian Frahm ◽

Philipp Thomas ◽

Shoaib Kahn

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Elastic Model ◽

Electrical Model ◽

Holistic Model ◽

Electric System ◽

Electrical Components

AbstractRequirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.

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Wind Turbine Aerodynamic Braking System Analysis Using Chord Wise Spacing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.217 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 787 ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Navin Kumar ◽

K.M. Parammasivam

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Velocity ◽

Turbine Blade ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Braking System ◽

Extreme Wind ◽

Wind Potential

Wind energy is one of the most significant renewable energy sources in the world. It is the only promising renewable energy resource that only can satisfy the nation’s energy requirements over the growing demand for electricity. Wind turbines have been installed all over the wind potential areas to generate electricity. The wind turbines are designed to operate at a rated wind velocity. When the wind turbines are exposed to extreme wind velocities such as storm or hurricane, the wind turbine rotates at a higher speed that affects the structural stability of the entire system and may topple the system. Mechanical braking systems and Aerodynamic braking systems have been currently used to control the over speeding of the wind turbine at extreme wind velocity. As a novel approach, it is attempted to control the over speeding of the wind turbine by aerodynamic braking system by providing the chord wise spacing (opening). The turbine blade with chord wise spacing alters the pressure distribution over the turbine blade that brings down the rotational speed of the wind turbine within the allowable limit. In this approach, the over speeding of the wind turbine blades are effectively controlled without affecting the power production. In this paper the different parameters of the chord wise spacing such as position of the spacing, shape of the spacing, width of the spacing and impact on power generation are analyzed and the spacing parameters are experimentally optimized.

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Foundations, Design, and Dynamic Performance of Wind Turbines: Overview and Challenges in Sudan

FES Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.52981/fjes.v9i1.665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

Ruba Asim Hamza ◽

Amged Osman Abdelatif

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Response ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Scaled Model ◽

Static Loads ◽

Design Loads ◽

Foundation Type

Sudan is one of the developing countries that suffers from a lack of electricity, where the national electrification rate is estimated at 38.5%. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to use renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Beside many aspects to be considered at the design of wind turbine foundations, more attention should be given to the geotechnical part. There are many types of foundations for wind turbines. The foundation must satisfy two design criteria: 1) It should be safe against bearing failure in soils under design loads and settlements during the life of the structure must not cause structural damage; 2) In addition to static loads, wind turbine foundations loads are extremely eccentrically and the loading is usually highly dynamic. Therefore, the selection of foundation type should consider these two criteria taking into account the nature and magnitude of these loads. This paper presents a review of different types of wind turbine foundations of focusing on on-shore wind turbine foundation types and the dynamic response of wind turbine. The paper also demonstrate experimentally the dynamic response of the wind turbines using wind tunnel facility test on a scaled model.

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New Energy Technologies: Microalgae, Photolysis and Airborne Wind Turbines

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci1020043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrick Moriarty ◽

Damon Honnery

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Large Scale ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

New Energy ◽

Near Term

Because of the near-term risk of extreme weather events and other adverse consequences from climate change, and, at least in the longer term, global fossil fuel depletion, there is world-wide interest in shifting to noncarbon energy sources, especially renewable energy (RE). Because of possible limitations on conventional renewable energy sources, researchers have looked for ways of overcoming these shortcomings by introducing radically new energy technologies. The largest RE source today is bioenergy, while solar energy and wind energy are regarded as having the largest technical potential. This paper reviews the literature on proposed new technologies for each of these three RE sources: microalgae for bioenergy, photolysis and airborne wind turbines. The main finding is that their proponents have underestimated the difficulties facing their introduction on a very large scale.

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Comparison of the Frequency Control Strategy of Wind Turbines and its Optimization Scheme

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.494 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 494-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin Shou Tian ◽

Yue Hui Huang ◽

Xiao Yan Xu ◽

Wei Sheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Control Method ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Optimization Scheme ◽

Typical Frequency ◽

General Method

In order to improve the frequency stability of grid, new control strategy for wind turbines need to be developed with high wind power penetration. This work analyzes the requirements of frequency control for wind turbines in some countries, and the characteristics and methods of typical frequency control strategy are analyzed. To meet the requirements of frequency control of wind turbine and to improve wind energy utilization efficiency, a method of optimization scheme of frequency control on wind turbine is given in the paper, and the operating curve of wind turbine with the control method is determined, at the same time this work gives a general method about how to determine some key parameters.

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A comparative ANSYS-based force analysis of a new horizontal-axis semi-exposed wind turbine

Wind Engineering ◽

10.1177/0309524x19852352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 410-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniyar Seitenov ◽

N Mir-Nasiri ◽

Md Hazrat Ali

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Horizontal Axis ◽

Horizontal Wind ◽

Axial Component ◽

Force Analysis ◽

Physical Damage ◽

Wind Speeds

Renewable energy sources are growing fast. Nowadays, much effort has been made by inventors to devise new and more efficient configurations of wind turbines. This article describes the mechanical design and resultant force dynamic simulation of an innovative horizontal-axis semi-exposed wind turbine structure. The innovation in wind turbine structure includes the flat shape of its blades and their orientation towards the wind that minimizes the axial component of wind force on the shaft bearings. As a result, wind power is fully utilized to generate a useful rotary force that drives the generator rotor. This enhances the efficiency of the turbine as compared to complex shape blades in traditional horizontal-axis wind turbines. The distinctive feature of the system is also an oscillating shield that automatically protects the generator shaft from overspeeding at extreme wind speeds and, therefore, from generating power above its nominal capacity. The overspeeding may even cause physical damage to the generator. The force analysis of the new wind generator has been conducted for various wind conditions by using ANSYS Fluent. The results are compared to a traditional three-blade horizontal wind turbine to prove the ability of the new semi-exposed wind turbine to collect more driving torque on the shaft. The results of the simulation show the efficiency of the system and the advantage of using this system with the overspeed shield protection.

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Influence of wind energy utilization potential in urban suburbs: a case study of Hohhot

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90499-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wang Wenxin ◽

Chen Kexin ◽

Bai Yang ◽

Xu Yun ◽

Wang Jianwen

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Statistical Properties ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Energy Output ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

AbstractGiven the increasing trend of using wind energy in cities, the utilization of distributed wind energy in cities has been widely concerned by researchers. The related research on the micro-site selection of wind turbines, a sub-project of the Task27 project of the International energy agency, was continued in this paper. The wind speed data of an observation station near Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, with a range of 10–19 m were collected. The evaluation included wind direction, Weibull parameter characteristics, and turbulence intensity. The potential energy output in 10 different heights was estimated using commercial horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines of the same power. Results showed that the following: the three-parameter Weibull distribution model can well describe the statistical properties of the wind speed in this site. The wind speed distribution model constructed from extrapolation parameters reflects the wind speed statistical properties out of detection positions to a certain extent. The wind energy density of the vertical axis wind turbine is slightly lower than that of the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, more power can be generated from March to May.

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Investigation of Turbulence Model Performance in Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Volume 3: Computational Fluid Dynamics; Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics ◽

10.1115/fedsm2020-20269 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keaton Mullenix ◽

D. Keith Walters ◽

Arturo Villegas ◽

F. Javier Diez

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Critical Role ◽

The United States ◽

Horizontal Axis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Abstract Wind turbines are critically important in the quest to decrease global dependence on non-renewable energy sources. With the space to add 5M wind turbines, the United States is at the forefront of this transition. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) have been studied numerically and experimentally at length. The vast majority of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of HAWTs documented in the open literature have been carried out using two-dimensional simulations. Currently, the available three-dimensional simulations do not provide a comprehensive investigation of the accuracy of different options for modeling of fluid turbulence. In this paper four sets of CFD simulations are carried out using four different turbulence models that are commonly used for engineering level CFD analysis: SST-k-ω, Transition k-kL-ω, Standard k-ε, and Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES). These models were compared with experimental performance and coefficient of power results for a small-scale industrial wind turbine with inverse tip speed ratios (λ−1) in the range 0.072–0.144. They were further investigated to highlight the similarities and differences for the prediction of coefficient of pressure and skin friction coefficient. The results showed that no singular model, of the four investigated, was able to consistently predict the power performance with a high degree of accuracy when compared to the experimental results. The models also exhibited both similarities and key differences for the other aspects of flow physics. The results presented in this study highlight the critical role that turbulence modeling plays in the overall accuracy of a CFD simulation, and indicate that end users should be well aware of the uncertainties that arise in CFD results for wind turbine analysis, even when other sources of numerical error have been carefully minimized.

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Vibration analysis system applied to fault detection in wind turbines

Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología ◽

10.22201/fi.25940732e.2019.20n3.028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

José Rafael Sánchez Soto ◽

Adriana del Carmen Téllez Anguiano ◽

Ricardo Fabricio Escobar Jimenez ◽

Gerardo Marx Chávez Campos ◽

José Antonio Gutiérrez Gnecchi

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Online Measurements ◽

Wind Energy Potential ◽

Statistical Frequency ◽

Structural Failures ◽

Analysis System

Wind power is one of the most important renewable energy sources due to its vast availability. Wind turbines are the equipment required to take advantage of the wind energy potential; therefore, a low reliability of these turbines limits the maximum power obtained from the wind. Different techniques and methodologies have been developed to monitor and detect failures in wind turbines in order to prevent undesirable conditions due to different operating conditions. This work presents a system designed to detect failures in wind turbines caused by mechanical vibrations, this system allows to diagnose, online, different structural failures in the wind turbine through a statistical frequency analysis based on LabView and Matlab. The designed system is validated by online measurements, obtained by 3-axis vibrations sensors in a domestic wind turbine. A graphical interface is developed in LabView in order to facilitate the online location and isolation of the detected failures.

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