SEED GERMINATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) USING PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) FRUIT EXTRACTS AS NATURALLY OCCURRING GERMINATION INHIBITOR AND GIBBERELLIC ACID IN VARIOUS SEED TREATMENTS

Seed Germination is a vital process in plant growth and development. It is very crucial in crop production. Control of seed germination can proceed if there are presence of naturally occurring germination inhibitors such as papaya fruit extracts. Promotion of seed germination on the other hand, can be obtain from plant growth hormones such as gibberellic acid. Various seed treatments used in the experiment were the following: T1-unwashed, fresh T2-washed, fresh T3-washed, air-dried T4-washed, fresh and T5-washed, fresh.Twenty (20) seeds were counted for each treatment. Distilled water as the germinating medium for the seeds were T1, T2 and T3. In T4 and T5, 100ppm of GA3 and papaya fruit extracts were used as germinating media respectively. The highest and the lowest percent germination was shown in T2 and T5 respectively.InT1 and T3 on the other hand, had 75% and 80% germination respectively.Papaya fruit extracts (T5) is considered as a naturally occurring germination inhibitorin tomato.

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Effects of gibberellic acid and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of triticale-I under salinity stress

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13435 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 123-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rifat Samad ◽

JL Karmoker

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Ion Accumulation ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand

Effects of GA and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of Triticale cultivar was investigated under salinity stress. Salinity decreased the rate of seed germination and ion accumulation in the seedlings but both GA and Kn stimulated these processes under stress. Salinity increased the accumulation of Na+ in radicles and plumules with concomitant inhibition of that of K+, GA and Kn, on the other hand, reduced the rate of Na+ accumulation and increased that of K+ in the seedlings. The interrelationship between the effect of salinity and growth regulators on seed germination and the accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings is discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13435 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 123-129, 2012 (December)

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Are plant growth retardants a strategy to decrease lodging and increase yield of sunflower?

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i1.1286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho ◽

Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro ◽

Marcos Vinicius de Castro Ferraz Junior ◽

Ana Carolina Cabrera Machado Mendes

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Mass ◽

The Other ◽

Alternative Strategy ◽

Growth Retardants ◽

Other Hand ◽

Plant Growth Retardants ◽

Potential Strategy

One of the major disadvantages of sunflower cultivation is the increased plant height, making it prone to the lodging. The use of plant growth retardants can be an alternative strategy to reduce plant height; however, these compounds may affect productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth retardants on sunflower development and yield. Four treatments were studied: 1- control; 2- gibberellic acid (GA) 10 mg L−1; 3- trinexapac-ethyl (TE) 5 mL L−1, and 4- maleic hidrazide (MH) 8 mL L−1. TE and MH decreased plant height (16.9 and 35.9%, respectively); however, only TE positively influenced capitulim diameter and dry mass (46.7 and 311%, when compared to control) at 60 days after planting (DAP). At 81 DAP, dry mass of capitulum did not differ among control and TE-treated plants. On the other hand, MH impaired diameter and dry mass of capitulum (92.9 and 74.7%, respectively). It can be concluded that the application of TE is a potential strategy to decrease lodging probability without affecting sunflower yield. Furthermore, although MH negatively affected sunflower development, its use on the crop cannot be excluded since other doses, frequencies and moment of application can be studied.

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Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 542

Author(s):

Dariusz Kulus ◽

Natalia Miler

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

The Other ◽

White Gold ◽

Natural Extracts ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

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Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0703227z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 227-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Zivkovic ◽

M. Devic ◽

B. Filipovic ◽

Z. Giba ◽

D. Grubisic

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

White Light ◽

The Other ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

History Of ◽

Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

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Oximes as Seed Safeners for Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500026199 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 70-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tsern-Shi Chang ◽

Morris G. Merkle

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

The Other ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Growth Chambers

Studies in growth chambers indicated that CGA-43089 {α-[(cyanomethoxy)imino] benzeneacetonitrile} applied at a rate of 1.25 g/kg of seed reduced the phytotoxicity of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], bensulide [o,o-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide], EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), UBI-S734 {2-[(1,2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethylsulfonyl] pyridineN-oxide} and MBR-18337 {N-[4-(ethylthio)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] during seed germination and seedling emergence. The protected sorghum tolerated metolachlor over a wider range of rates than it tolerated the other herbicides. CGA-43089 did not protect sorghum from the phytotoxicity of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Of seven other oximes tested as seed treatments, dimethylglyoxime, benzophenone oxime, pyridine-2-aldoxime, benzoin-α-oxime, and methyl thioacetohydroxamate showed promise for increasing the tolerance of grain sorghum to metolachlor. In general, higher rates of these oximes than the rate of CGA-43089 were required for equivalent protection of sorghum.

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Effect of gibberellic acid on the formation and development of antheridia and oogonia in Chara vulgaris L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1980.041 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 459-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mirosław Godlewski ◽

Maria Kwiatkowska

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Control Material ◽

Chara Vulgaris ◽

Other Hand ◽

Axenic Conditions

The experiments were performed on Chara vulgaris thalli cultivated in axenic conditions. It has been found that application of GA3 at concentrations of 10-9 -10-4 M has no effect on the numbers of developing antheridia and oogonia. GA3 stimulates the gemmation of capitular cells thus increasing the number of filaments in antheridia (by 45% when 10-8 M is used). The number of mitotic cycles preceding the differentiation of spermatozoids is not significantly modified by this gibberellin. The number of spermatozoids in antheridia increases by about 20% when 10-8 -10-6 M GA3 concentrations are used. GA3 shortens the duration of spermatogenesis (by 2.5 days, at 10-7 M concentration). This effect is due to a shortening of the mitotic cycles in filaments. On the other hand, the time of spermatozoid differentiation, which in the control material lasts about 5.3 days, is not changed significantly by GA3. GA3 hastens the maturation of oogonia and the formation of oospores - both effects are proportional to the GA3 concentration used.

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Environmental and Genotypic Regulation of Alstroemeria Seed Germination

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1607 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1607-1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph J. King ◽

Mark P. Bridgen

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Cold Environment ◽

Environmental Regime ◽

Environmental Regimes ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Percent Germination

Presowing treatments and temperature regimes were tested to improve germination of Alstroemeria hybrids 3 to 12 months following harvest. In addition, seeds from 20 intraspecific F1 hybrids of five selections were also tested 3 to 7 or 8 to 12 weeks following harvest. Seeds were pretreated by chipping the seedcoat above the embryo, general abrasion of the entire seedcoat, or soaking 12 hours in distilled water, GA, (0.029, 0.29, 2.9 mm), or KNO3 (0.5 and 1.0 m). Pretreatments were evaluated under three environmental regimes: 8 weeks at a constant 18-25C (warm), 4 weeks at 18-25C followed by 4 weeks at 7C (warm-cold), or 4 weeks at 7C followed by 4 weeks at 18-25C (cold-warm). There was an interaction between pretreatment and environmental regime for percent germination. Germination percentages for the water soak and GA, at 0.29 or 2.9 mm were significantly higher than for the other pretreatments, but were not significantly different from one another. The warm-cold environment yielded higher germination percentages than the other environments. The time to germination was longest for the cold-warm regime. This response depended on the genotype and the age of the seed. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

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The Effects of Condensed Molasses Soluble on the Growth and Development of Rapeseed through Seed Germination, Hydroponics and Field Trials

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

Shuang Li ◽

Xinghai Zhao ◽

Xiangsheng Ye ◽

Limei Zhang ◽

Lei Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Root Development ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Field Trials ◽

High Concentration ◽

Sod Activity

Condensed molasses soluble (CMS) has been reported to be rich in mineral nutrients and organic matter. However, the potential of CMS as a new organic fertilizer for crops is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effects of CMS on seed germination, plant growth and field production of Brassica napus through seed germination, hydroponics and field trials. The results demonstrated that a small amount of CMS (0.05 g L−1) on the basis of normal nutrient supply significantly increased plant biomass, root vigor and root development, and improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of shoot at the seedling growth stage. Nevertheless, a high concentration of CMS (0.2 g L−1) inhibited plant growth, root development, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and elevated accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the shoot at the same stage. In the field, exogenous application of CMS as well as chemical fertilizers increased seed yield up to 20% compared with chemical fertilization only. Collectively, our results conclude that the appropriate amount of CMS could promote the growth and development of rapeseed at both seedling and mature stages. Hence, CMS may be used as a new potential organic fertilizer for crop production in the future.

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Abscisin II and , some. Hormone-Regulated Plant Responses

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9670869 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 869 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

D Aspinall ◽

LG Paleg ◽

FT Addicott

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

The Other ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Radicle Elongation ◽

Other Hand

The aotivity of (�)-absoisin II' [(�)AbII] and its interaction with a number of plant growth regulators in the oontrol of lettuce germination, lettuoe hypoootyl and radiole elongation, ououmber seedling growth, radish lea ( senesoenoe, and barley vernalization were examined. The interac.tions between (� )AbII and th�;l promoting h~rmones were of two general types. In gibberellio acid (GAs)-promoted lettuoe germination and kinetin-oontrolled leaf senesoenoe, the effeots of low ooncentrations of ( � )-!\bII were oompletely overoome by high oonoentratioileof the other substanoe. In .the second type of interaction, (� )AbII was inhibitory only in the presenoe of high oonoentrations of the promoter (kinetin in lettuce germinatipn and allogibberio acid in lettuoe radicle elongation). Cuoumber radiole elongation, on the other hand, was promoted by (� )AbII in the presenoe of a mixture of GA4 and GA7.

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Whole-Farm Revenue Protection as a Factor of Economic Stability in Crop Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6349

Author(s):

Željko Kokot ◽

Todor Marković ◽

Sanjin Ivanović ◽

Maja Meseldžija

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

The Other ◽

Plant Production ◽

Market Prices ◽

Market Risks ◽

Other Hand ◽

Management Measures ◽

Revenue Insurance ◽

Insurance Model

Crop production is largely unprotected and exposed to a great number of production factors. On the other hand, farmers are exposed to fluctuations in the market prices of their products every year, which often has a negative impact on the profits made. There are various risk management measures in plant production, and insurance is certainly one of the most effective instruments. One of the recent insurance models is Whole-Farm Revenue Insurance (WFRP), which is an American insurance model that has been applied since 2015. The essence of WFRP is to ensure that all crops on the farm are secured against production and market risks with only one policy. The aim of the research in this paper is to present WFRP as an entirely new model of revenue insurance on the example of a typical Serbian farm specializing in crop production. The WFRP model works by determining the insured revenue before the start of the production year. If at the end of the production year, for any reason, the realized revenue falls below the level of insured revenue, the farmer is entitled to indemnification. Due to the drought that hit the region where the analyzed farm is located, the yields were reduced, and thus the expected revenue was also reduced, and the farmer was entitled to damages of $5697. On the other hand, it is the farmer’s obligation to pay $373 to the insurer as a risk transfer fee. The authors proved that even such complex insurance models can be applied in countries such as Serbia, where awareness of the importance of insurance of agricultural production is still not developed.

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