scholarly journals Organic fertilization for optimizing dryland rice production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1318-1326
Author(s):  
Gusmiatun ◽  
A.D Murtado ◽  
Neni Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
New Variety ◽  
New Varieties

Productivity of local upland rice varieties are usually low, making farmers refrain to cultivate upland rice. This resulted in the low contribution of upland rice in production. However, farmers are still planting upland varieties of rice because of their desirability and adaptation to the environment. Therefore, we always need to develop new varieties that have high production and flavors that suit the tastes of society. The key to increase production of variety is providing sufficient nutrients during the growing period. This study aims to accelerate the availability of nutrients of organic fertilizer for the production of new upland varieties with high productivity. The study carried out in two phases and three different locations. All stages of research was setup in the field using Grid Design Divided (split plot design). In the phase-1, we determined the dose, 5, 10, and 15 tons/ha of organic fertilizer, as well as the adaptability of new varieties (genotype JT-DR-G-416 and parental varieties Jati Luhur and Dayang Rindu). The results of phase-1 showed that best dose was 15 tons/ha. Then we proceeded to the phase-2, which aimed to determine the best management practice to provide organic fertilizers such as: C1= organic fertilizer spread directly on planting plots, C2 = organic fertilizer spread over the terraced planting, then sprayed EM-4, C3 = composted organic fertilizer spread on the plots before planting. The variables measured for the study at phase-1 and phase-2 included plant height (cm), number of productive tillers/hill, the number of grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight (g), percent grain hollow/panicle (%), and grain yield per clump (g). The results showed that the new variety/genotype JT-DR-G-416 can adapt better than both parents at upland field conditions. The production of JT-DR-G-416 was increased by 7.75%, when 15 tonnes/ha of organic fertilizers was applied. Application of composted organic fertilizer could increase production by 33.22%, compared to without compost. Application of organic fertilizers followed by giving a solution of microorganisms (EM-4) could improve upland rice production by 30.56 to 32.06%.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.) YANG DITANAM DIANTARA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT BELUM MENGHASILKAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Fetmi Silvina ◽  
Arnis en Yulia ◽  
Noreza Masri
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties

The study aimed to determine the effect of various organic fertilizers on growth and yield of several varieties of upland rice, and the response of upland rice varieties to organic fertilizers under the stands of oil palm trees have not produced (TBM). The researches conducted in March until July 2016. This study was a randomized block design factorial trial with two factors and three replications, the first factor was some upland rice variety consist of ; Inpago 8 (V1), Situ Bagendit (V2), and Inpago 9 (V3) and the second factor was the variety of organic fertilizers such as; without organic fertilizer (BO0), compost of oil palm empty fruit bunches (BO1), chicken manure (BO2), Kirinyuh or green manure (BO3). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and a further test of Duncan’s multiple range test (DNMRT) level of 5%. The results showed that the varieties Situ Bagendit gave the best response to organic fertilizer by weight of dry milled grain at 4.6 tonnes/ha in the giving of chicken manure.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic Fertilizers on Productivity of Barley: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arebu Hussen Yimer
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The World

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the ancient cereal crops of agriculture in the world and one of the first domesticated cereals and fourth largest cereal crop next to maize, wheat and rice in the world. It contributes seven percent of the total cereal production. The production of barley in Ethiopia reduced by many factors from these biotic factors including rodents, pathogens, diseases, weed, pests, insects and abiotic stress like drought, flooding, temperature stress, salinity, poor management practice, frost, poor soil fertility, agronomic practice etc. among those the most important factors that reduce yield of barley in Ethiopia are the use of inappropriate organic fertilizers. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to review the influence of organic fertilizers on productivity of barely. The review was done by collecting the various published and unpublished materials relevant information from different literature sources like libraries, research report, journals, books and Internet center. As various scholars mentioned organic fertilizers affect the growth, development and yield of barley. The uses of farm yard manure, animal manure, poultry manure and vermi compost considerably improved yield and yield component of barley such as number of tillers per plant, spike length, straw, biomass, grain weight and grain yield. It concludes using organic fertilizer has crucial role for increasing barley production and productivity.

scholarly journals Study on the Adaptation of Superior and Local Upland Rice Varieties (Oriza sativa) in Dry Climate of West Southeast Moluccas Border Region of Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Sheny S. Kaihatu ◽  
Wahid Wahid ◽  
Edwen D. Waas ◽  
Marthen P. Sirappa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
New Varieties

This study on the adaptation of superior and local upland rice on dry climate was carried out from July to October 2017 at the West Southeast Moluccas Main Seed Center involving 15 members of the Webat Farmer Groups. The aim of this study was to obtain adaptive superior and local varieties that could potentially be developed in dry climates (dry land) in the region. Field assessments were done usinged a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments (superior and local varieties of upland rice) and repeated three times. The five superior varieties assessed were Towuti, Inpago 8, Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 and the three local varieties used were Red Tanimbar, White Tanimbar, and Black Tanimbar. The results of the study showed that the average productivity of superior new varieties of upland rice higher yields (2.03 t ha-1) compared to local varieties (1.24 t ha-1), revealing a yield increase of 63.71 %. Results suggest that there are five varieties of upland rice that have potential to be developed in the West Southeast Moluccas Border Region, namely Inpago 9, Inpago 10, and Inpago 11 (superior new varieties), and Red Tanimbar and White Tanimbar (local varieties). However, the yields obtained in this assessment are still low because the number of productive tillers is also low. This could be due to low plant density caused by the very small number of seeds used per planting hole, and the effect of legowo 2: 1 planting system with a very wide.

scholarly journals Improvement of Suboptimal Land Productivity Approach by Land and Plant Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Marthen Pasang Sirappa ◽  
Max Leovold Jhon Titahena
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Study Results

Assessment for increasing productivity of suboptimal land with using three kinds of organic fertilizer and six rice varieties had been conducted in the Debowae village, Waeapo district, Buru regency at 2011.  Purpose of the assessment were to determine the effect of three types organic fertilizer and the use of six Inpara varieties to growth and productivity of rice in sub-optimal land. Study used a split plot design with three replications (farmers as replicates), where the main plot was three types of organic fertilizers (livestock manure, granular organic, and petroganic), while the subplot was 6 varieties Inpara (Inpara 1, Inpara 2, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 5, and Indragiri). The soil types at the study site based on soil classification were Endoaquepts with soil fertility status was low. The study results  showed  that  the use of organic  manure combined with inorganic fertilizers,  both  from  livestock manure, while granular organic and petrogranic, gave an average crop growth and yield better than the results obtained by farmers outside of the study. Average petroganic fertilizer had a better growth and higher crop yields compared to other organic fertilizers. The six varieties of rice swamps that were examined (Inpara 1, Inpara 2, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 5, and Indragiri) had the average growth and better yields than rice varieties used by farmers outside of the study (2.75 t ha-1). Varieties Inpara 4, Indragiri, Inpara 1 and  Inpara 2 had average yield above 7 t ha-1, while Inpara 3 and  Inpara 5 average above 4 t ha-1. Combination of granular organic fertilizer with Inpara 4 variety and petroganic with Indragiri variety had the best results (8.37 and 8.02 t ha-1), while the lowest yield (4.48 t ha-1) was reached at combination of  livestock manure with Inpara 5 variety.Keywords: adaptive varieties, land and plant management, organic fertilizers, suboptimal land [How to Cite: Marthen PS and MLJ Titahena. 2014. Improvement of Suboptimal Land Productivity Approach by Land and Plant Management. J Trop Soils 19(2): 109-119. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.109]    

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN ASAP CAIR DALAM PENGENDALIAN Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae DAN Pyricularia grisea PADA PADI GOGO GALUR G136 POTENCY OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND LIQUID SMOKE TO CONTROL (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pyricularia grisea IN UPLAND RICE G136 LINE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Iqna Khayatina Rusli ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Ruth Feti Rahayuniati
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Increment of upland rice production in Indonesia faces many problems mainly from kresek caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and blast caused by Pyricularia grisea. The use of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) and liquid smoke provides an alternative method to control the pathogen. This research aimed at knowing the potency of the leaf fertilizer applied to the soil and the liquid smoke to control the disease in G136 line’s rice and on the crop growth. Randomized Block Design was used with six treatments and replicated four times. The treatments were control without liquid smoke, control with 2% liquid smoke, using 2 ml l-1 LOF Biosena without or with 2% liquid smoke, and using 4 ml l-1 LOF Biosena without or with 2% liquid smoke. The variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, crop height, number of shoots, weight of 1,000 grains and rice production per hectare. The result of the research showed that treatment using the leaf LOF applied to the soil of 4 ml l-1 or 2 ml l-1, and combining with 2% liquid smoke was not able to suppress the kresek and blast development in G136 line. All treatment influenced the number of shoots and the crop height plants, but didn’t influence the weight of 1,000 grains and the rice production per hectare.Peningkatan produksi padi gogo di Indonesia menemui banyak kendala di antaranya adalah penyakit kresek yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan penyakit blas yang disebabkan Pyricularia grisea. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair (POC) dan asap cair merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pengendalian patogen ini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi POC daun yang diaplikasikan pada tanah dan asap cair dalam menekan serangan penyebab penyakit pada padi gogo galur G136 serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan, yaitu kontrol tanpa asap cair, kontrol menggunakan asap cair 2%, 2 ml/l POC Biosena tanpa asap cair dan menggunakan asap cair 2%, 4 ml/l POC Biosena tanpa asap cair dan menggunakan asap cair 2%. Variabel yang diamati adalah masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, laju infeksi, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot 1.000 bulir, dan produksi padi per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan POC daun yang diaplikasikan pada tanah dengan dosis 4ml/l dan 2 ml/l, serta asap cair 2% belum mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit kresek dan blas pada tanaman padi gogo galur G136. Perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah anakan dan tinggi tanaman tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot 1.000 bulir dan produksi padi per hektar.

scholarly journals HIỆN TRẠNG SẢN XUẤT LÚA VÀ XỬ LÝ RƠM RẠ SAU THU HOẠCH Ở TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2720-2726
Author(s):  
Trần Thị Xuân Phương ◽  
Hoàng Trọng Nghĩa ◽  
Hồ Đăng Khoa ◽  
Tôn Thất Các ◽  
Phùng Viên ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Extension Center

Điều tra thực trạng sản xuất lúa và vấn đề xử lý rơm rạ sau thu hoạch tại Thừa Thiên Huế được thực hiện thông qua phỏng vấn nông hộ ở xã Thủy Phù (thị xã Hương Thủy) và xã Hương Toàn (thị xã Hương Trà). Tiến hành điều tra 80 hộ nông dân bằng phiếu hỏi lập sẵn, kết quả cho thấy: Diện tích sản xuất lúa của các nông hộ đều phân bố rải rác với quy mô chủ yếu <5000 m2 (chiếm 77,5%). Cơ cấu giống lúa đa dạng với 16 giống và đã mạnh dạn canh tác các giống lúa mới. Các nông hộ ở địa điểm điều tra bón phân vô cơ cho lúa ở mức cao hơn so với quy trình khuyến cáo của Trung tâm Khuyến nông lâm ngư Thừa Thiên Huế. Các loại phân vô cơ được trộn lẫn với nhau và bón tập trung trong 4 đợt (bón lót và 3 lần bón thúc). Nông dân cũng sử dụng phân hữu cơ vi sinh Sông Hương và Quế Lâm để bón lót cho cây lúa nhưng tỷ lệ hộ áp dụng chưa nhiều (22,5% ở Thủy Phù và 12,5% ở Hương Toàn) và lượng bón còn thấp (500 kg/ha). Đa số nông hộ thu hoạch lúa bằng máy gặp đập liên hợp. Tùy tập quán từng vùng mà chiều cao gốc rạ để lại sau thu hoạch có khác nhau từ 20 - 30 cm (ở Hương Toàn) và >30 cm (ở Thủy Phù). Hình thức xử lý rơm rạ của người dân chủ yếu là đốt trực tiếp, vùi lấp và xử lý bằng chế phẩm. ABSTRACT  Investigating the current situation of rice production and the treatment of rice straw after harvest was conducted by interview households at two location, namely Thuy Phu and Huong Toan commune in Thua Thien Hue province. The samples of the survey were 80 farm households. Results indicated that the rice production area of the households was scatteredly distributed with the main scale of <5000 m2 (77.5%). The structure of rice varieties was quite diverse with 16 varieties and new rice varieties were actively cultivated. The amount of inorganic fertilizer was applied at a higher level than recommended by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Extension Center in Thua Thien Hue. Inorganic fertilizers were mixed together and applied in four times including the basal fertilizer and three times application. Farmers also used Song Huong Organic fertilizers and Que Lam Organic fertilizers for fertilizing but the number of households applying it was not much (22,5% at Thuy Phu and 12,5% Huong Toan) with the level of investment was still low (500 kg/ha). Harvesting rice was conducted by the combine harvester. Depending upon the custom of each region, the height of the stubble was left behind different with 30 cm in Thuy Phu and 20 - 30 cm in Huong Toan. The form of rice straw treatment of farmers was direct burning, backfilling and treatment by using probiotics.        

scholarly journals Coupled Irrigation–Drainage Management Practice for HYV Rice Cultivation with Saline-Irrigation Water: Evidence from Lysimeter Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p95
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mojid
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
Main Factor

Irrigation with saline water adversely affects rice production and degrades land productivity in the coastal zones of many countries in the world. This study aimed at developing a suitable irrigation management practice to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on rice production under saline water irrigation. An experiment in raise-bed lysimeters was set in a split-split-plot design with irrigation–drainage practice as the main factor, irrigation water salinity as the sub-factor and rice variety as sub-sub factor; main factor and sub-factor comprised four treatments and the sub-sub factor comprised three treatments, each with three replications. The treatments of the main factor were – T1: 2-5 cm continuous ponding, T2: continuous saturation, T3: changing irrigation water after 3 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth, and T4: changing irrigation water after 5 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth. The sub-factor comprised – SL1: fresh water as control, SL2: saline water of 6 dS m-1, SL3: saline water of 9 dS m-1, and SL4: saline water of 12 dS m-1. The sub-sub factor comprised three salt-tolerant rice varieties V1: Binadhan-8, V2: Binadhan-10, and V3: BRRI dhan-47. The irrigation–drainage practices T2 and T3 provided significantly (p£0.05) improved growth and yield attributes of the rice varieties under salinity water level SL3 and SL4 compared to T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T3 maintained least exposure of the crop to high degree of salinity and produced satisfactory plant attributes by inhibiting the detrimental effects of salinity. Therefore, T3 is suggested for adoption in practical fields when provision for removing high saline water from the rice fields can be arranged.

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods ofreducing root rot for cultivating spring wheat in organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01102
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
New Varieties

Energy-saving technologies of wheat cultivation limit the buffer role of the agrotechnical method in reducing the spread of root rot. This situation calls for using increased volumes of pesticides in order to decrease harvest losses arising from actions of harmful organisms, which does not allow to produce organic food.Considering this, evaluation of the efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivating spring wheat aimed at enhancing phytosanitary conditions of crops is very important. The goal of our work was to evaluate the role of predecessors, methods of soil preparation,organic fertilizers, new varieties of spring wheat, and the timing of planting in limiting the spread and reducing the harmfulness of root rot. Our study has been conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. We have established that green manure in crop rotationandfallow arable land with introduction of 30 t/ha of organic manure fertilizer with a disc harrow to a depth of 10–12 cmreduce the spread and severity of root rot and increase wheat yields. In the plantings of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka, the spread of the disease was reliably less,and the yield was higher compared to the control variety Tulunskaya 11. The optimal planting date for the average of two years was May 25, the crops planted then compared to those planted on May 30 were 9.4% less affected by the disease and gave a reliable increase in the harvest of 0.15 tons/ha. Our studies have shown that during production of organic wheat we can limit the spread andharmfulness of root rot withagrotechnical methods.

scholarly journals Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge, Perception and Management of Rice Blast Disease in Upland Rice Production in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hashim ◽  
Delphina P. Mamiro ◽  
Robert B. Mabagala ◽  
Tadele Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rice Varieties

The objective of this paper was to investigate farmers’ knowledge and management of rice blast disease in Tanzania. Farmers’ household survey was conducted in five districts namely Mvomero, Morogoro rural, Ulanga, Korogwe and Muheza in April and May 2017. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and observations made through transect walks across selected villages. Farmers observed symptoms of rice blast disease for the first time in the past 3 to 10 years, with higher severity of blast disease in April to May each year. About 46.3% of the respondents were not aware of the cause and spread of rice blast disease. About 39.9% of the respondents associated rice blast disease with drought, high rainfall and temperature (8.7%) and soil fertility problems (5.1%). About 18.7% of the farmers reported burning of crop residues, 17.0% use of ash, 4.0% use of nitrogen fertilizer and 6.3% application of fungicide for management of rice blast disease. The majority (54.0%) of farmers did not apply any management method. Most farmers planted local upland rice varieties, with only 7.7% using improved varieties. About 69.6% of the respondents shared information on disease management among themselves. Lack of knowledge, ability to afford and unavailability of effective blast disease control methods were reported to affect the management of the disease. Strengthening the capacity of farmers to identify the disease and proper management practices will sustainably solve the problem of rice blast disease in upland rice production.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Drought Tolerance in Upland Rice Varieties at Reproductive Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Malemba ◽  
F. M. Nzuve ◽  
J. M. Kimani ◽  
M. F. Olubayo ◽  
J. W. Muthomi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Drought Conditions

Rice is an important food crop for human population ranking second among the mostly consumed cereal grains worldwide. Upland rice production is greatly constrained by drought stress resulting from rainfall variation patterns. Cultivation of drought tolerant varieties is considered the best option for drought management in rice production. The already released upland rice varieties are drought susceptible and have poor grain attributes hence, the aim of this study was to determine the combining ability for drought tolerance in upland rice. Four upland NERICA and two upland rice varieties were selected as parents for generating F1s crosses following 6 × 6 complete diallel. The generated 30 F1 crosses were advanced to F2 population for field evaluation. The F2 progenies together with six parents were planted in two sites; KALRO-Mwea Center Farm and Kirogo research Farm following a randomized complete block design in three replications. Drought stress was initiated 45 days after sowing after which data was collected on drought and agronomic parameters. The study revealed large genetic variations among the genotypes used. Both GCA and SCA were significant indicating the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the expression of studied traits. In this study NERICA 2 and NERICA 15 were identified as good combiners for drought tolerance and grain yield under drought conditions. The single crosses namely; NERICA 15 × NERICA 2, NERICA 1 × NERICA 15, NERICA 11 × NERICA 15 and NERICA 2 × NERICA 15 were identified as superior for improving yield under drought conditions.

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