scholarly journals Vegetative growth of 28 genotypes of Coffea canephora at 850 meters of altitude

2020 ◽  
pp. 1616-1622
Author(s):  
Madlles Queiroz Martins ◽  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Weverton Pereira Rorigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Coffea canephora plants grown at low or elevated temperatures undergo changes in photosynthetic processes, which have a direct impact on vegetative growth. This species shows plants with distinct stress tolerance mechanisms and a great genetic diversity; however, there are no studies concerning the study of altitude on plant growth for these genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth rates of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches from 28 Coffea canephora genotypes, ca. 3 years of age, cultivated at 850 m of altitude. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Each repetition was compounded by five plants. The period of the experimental evaluation was from 01/23/2013 to 07/07/2013. We selected and identified the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, which were evaluated bimonthly according to their length (mm), assessing the growth rates. The results were associated with climatic factors that occurred during the experimental period. The genetic material of Coffea canephora evaluated in the study shows genetic diversity to the characteristics growth rate of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, thus, it is possible to select genotypes with potential for cultivation at 850 m of altitude. In general, genotypes of Coffea canephora exhibited variations in growth rates, mainly in response to changes in temperature, with a sharp and constant drop in growth rates between the period from 05/05/2013 to 05/ 23/2013, when the recorded temperatures were always below 13 °C. Genotypes A1, NV2 and NV1 can be pointed as the ones which showed the best vegetative growth results at 850 meters of altitude.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Promising Castor Been (Ricinus communis L.) Genotypes in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Bolaji Zuluqurineen SALIHU ◽  
Olamide Ahmed FALUSI ◽  
Adeyinka Olufemi ADEPOJU ◽  
Ibrahim Wasiu AROLU ◽  
Oladipupo Yusuf DAUDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oil crop with little research attention in Nigeria. In the present research, extent of genetic diversity among 20 Nigerian castor genotypes was determined using morphological descriptors and molecular markers. The genotypes were laid out on a randomized complete block design with three replicated plots. Molecular genotyping of the genotypes was carried out using genomic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The genotypes revealed high divergence in seed colour, seed shape, seed mottle, seed caruncle and seed sizes. Seedling establishment varied from 70.18% (in Acc. 006) to 93.25% (Acc. 001) with average mean of 81.53%. Raceme length ranged from 15.90 cm to 29.54 cm with population mean of 20.80 cm. The highest seed yield (1222.98 kg/ha) was recorded in Acc. 001 and the least (611.46 kg/ha) was observed in Acc. 006. Seed oil content varied between 32.15% in Acc. 042 and 54.03% in Acc. 006. Agglomerative cluster dendrogram constructed from morphological data showed random distribution of the genotypes into three cluster groups irrespective of the sources/collection points. The genetic diversity based on SSR Marker Analysis revealed high average expected heterozygosity (0.74), Polymorphic information content (0.68), Nei’s gene diversity index (0.72) and Shannon's Information index (1.43). The dendrogram constructed from molecular data grouped the twenty genotypes into three groups at coefficient of 0.34. From these findings, it showed that the twenty genotypes evaluated are divergent in nature and they could serve as good genetic material for castor breeding in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield components in chili (Capsicum annuum) genotypes and their F1 hybrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfikar D Sahid ◽  
MUHAMAD SYUKUR ◽  
AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Quantitative Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A. 2020. Genetic diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield component in chili (Capsicum annuum) and their F1 hybrid. Biodiversitas 21: 2251-2257. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the horticultural plants that have many benefits. The benefit of chili was determined by pungency level of its fruit. Pungency level of the chili is due to the capsaicin content in fruit. Information about the genetic diversity of capsaicin is still rarely available. The aims of this study were to obtain diversity information on quantitative, yield component, and capsaicin content, and to analyze the correlation among chili genotypes based on their morphological characters. This study used Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The genetic material used in this study consisted of 21 genotypes consisting of 6 genotypes of chili elders and 15 hybrid F1 genotypes resulting from their crossing. Six genotypes of the chili parents are C5, F6074, F9160291, Yuni, Bara, and Giant. 15 hybrid F1 genotypes used in this study are C5 x Bara, C5 x F6074, C5 x Yuni, C5 x Giant, C5 x F9160291, Bara x F6074, Bara x Yuni, Bara x Giant, Bara x F9160291, F6074 x Yuni, F6074 x Giant, F6074 x F9160291, Yuni x Giant, Yuni x F9160291, and Giant x F9160291. The observation was made on the variables of quantitative, yield, and capsaicin components on chili. The results showed that the highest capsaicin content only was found in Bara x F9160291. The results of scatterplot analysis showed that the highest capsaicin and yield component was found in BaraxF6074 and C5 x Yuni genotype. The results of cluster analysis showed that chili was clustered into three color groups. The character of capsaicin content is negatively correlated and very different from fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, thick fruit flesh, total amount of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SWEET POTATO CROPS CULTIVATED BY TRADITIONAL FARMERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO FORLAN VARGAS ◽  
ERIC WATZKE ENGELKING ◽  
LUIS CARLOS FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ELIEL ALVES FERREIRA ◽  
HAMILTON CESAR DE OLIVERIA CHARLO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Crop Species

ABSTRACT The genetic variability within the crop species Ipomoea batatas is broad, hence, in order to support future breeding programs it is of the utmost importance that germplasm banks be created, conserved, and characterized. Therefore, the objective of this work was to rescue and evaluate the genetic divergence in sweet potato accessions collected in traditional communities of Vale do Ribeira Paulista. Sweet potato samples were collected from quilombos, indigenous villages, caiçaras communities, and small farms. The study was conducted between February 2013 and August 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications. Genetic material included 95 collected accessions and two commercial cultivars. Morphological characteristics of the accessions were evaluated and distances in the genetic distance matrix were estimated by means of multi-category variables, the data being subsequently clustered by the Tocher method. Analysis of the relative contribution of each characteristic and phenotypic correlation of descriptors was also performed. Results evidenced wide genetic diversity among the sweet potato accessions collected in Vale do Ribeira, which were not grouped according to the collection point. The descriptors that contributed more than 60% of genetic diversity included: leaf size, general leaf profile, immature leaf color, petiole pigmentation, predominant branch color, branch secondary color, stem length, cortical thickness, predominant periderm color, and periderm color intensity. Correlations between morphological descriptors was observed in 22.26% of the paired traits.

scholarly journals Assessment of growth and productivity of five peanut cultivars and genetic diversity using RAPD markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada M. Samaha ◽  
M. A. Ahmed ◽  
Asmaa R. Abd El-Hameid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Yield Component Traits

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of five peanut cultivars grown under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted using five peanut cultivars (Giza-5, Giza-6, Ismailia-1, Gregory, and R92) in a randomized complete block design with five replications during two following seasons to estimate the performance of five peanut cultivars for vegetative growth, yield, and yield component traits as well as seed quality traits. Twenty RAPD primers were used to identify a unique fingerprint for each of five cultivars. Results Giza-6 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars in the most vegetative growth traits and yield and its components traits, while the lowest values were observed in Giza-5 cultivar. The dendrogram constructed from RAPD analysis showed that Gregory and Giza-5 were the most distant among five peanut cultivars. Conclusions RAPD markers are useful in the detection of genetic diversity of peanut. The availability of genetic diversity is important for the genetic improvement of peanut.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological plasticity of plagiotropic branches in response to change in the coffee plant spacing within rows

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Pagotto Ronchi ◽  
Wellington Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Daniela Silva Souza ◽  
José Márcio De Souza Júnior ◽  
Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Changes in spacing within rows may alter the morphology of the coffee plant by affecting the physiological constituents of its productivity. Even though some common plant responses to crop spacing variation are known, there is yet no scientific evidence that elucidates the effects of decreased spacing on the sourcesink relation in plagiotropic branches and, its association with both productivity and eco-physiological aspects of coffee leaves, mainly for new coffee cultivars in the Brazilian savannah. The aim of this work was to characterize the morphophysiological responses of Coffea arabica L. cultivars subjected to different spacing between plants within rows. Four Arabica coffee cultivars (Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 32, and Tupi RN IAC 1669-13) were transplanted in January 2010. A row spacing of 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, and 0.80 m was adopted between plants, maintaining a 3.80-m constant between rows. A randomized block design with four replicates was applied. During the experimental period, several morphophysiological characteristics of plagiotropic fruiting branches were evaluated in the months of April and December in 2013 and, in April 2014. The evaluation was conducted based on two canopy positions; canopy toward the rows, representing low exposure to light or toward the inter-row spacing, representing high light exposure. Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic pigments levels were minimally or not at all affected by changing either the coffee cultivars or plant spacing. During the first evaluation, the leaf-to-fruitratio linearly increased, regardless of the cultivar. Light-exposed branches showed higher content of carotenoids and chlorophyll a in leaves and lower leaf-to-fruit-ratio as compared to those within the plant canopy. A major reduction in the number of fruits per branch was observed which was closely related to a parallel decrease in the number of fruits per node but not in the number of fruiting nodes per branch. Although this response was largely cultivar-dependent, it also changed according to the branch position in the hedgerow. Our results suggest that all tested cultivars exhibit high morphophysiological plasticity and have the potential to grow under different plant spacing within rows.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik Cair Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Terhadap Pertambahan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Nurleli Sapurah ◽  
Trisda Kurniawan ◽  
Erida Nurahmi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Abstrak. Kopi merupakan bahan minuman yang memiliki aroma, rasa dan khasiat yang khas biji kopi mengandung kafein, kafein banyak digunakan dalam bentuk obat, makanan dan minuman produksi kopi dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya tanaman kopi salah satunya bagian pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk organik cair pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan vegetatif kopi arabika. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Kebun Rakyat Desa Keudah Penosan Sepakat Kecamatan Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo Lues dari bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 2 x 4 dan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan pada hasil uji F yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur taraf 5%. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik cair dengan 2 taraf yaitu: pupuk organik cair nasa dan pupuk organik cair mol Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi dengan 4 taraf yaitu, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 cc L-1 air. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang, pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang Plagiotrop, pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah daun cabang plagiotrop dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk organik cair nasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 90, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang umur 60 hari dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari. Konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari konsentrasi terbaik yaitu 2 cc L-1 air pada jenis pupuk Mol dan tidak terdapat intraksi nyata. The Effect Type of Liquid Organik Fertilizer at Varius Consentration Vegetative Growth Arabica Caffea (Coffea arabica L.) Abstract.Coffee is a beverage that has the aroma, taste and special quality. Coffee beans contains caffeine, caffeine is widely used as medicine, food and beverages. Coffee production is influenced by coffee cultivation techniques, one of the techniques is fertilization. This study aims to determine the effect of types of liquid organic fertilizer in various concentrations on the increasing of vegetative growth of arabica coffee. This research was carried out at citizenry plantation, Keudah Penosan Sepakat Village, Blangjerango District, Gayo Lues Regency from April to June 2018. This study used a Factorial-Randomized Block Design 2 x 4 and 3 replications and there were 24 experimental units. The results of the significant F test is continued by Honest Real Difference test level of 5%. The first factor was the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 2 treatments : Nasa liquid organic fertilizer and mol liquid organic fertilizer. The second factor was concentration with 4 treatments :  2, 4, 6, and 8 cc L-1 water. The parameters observed were the increase of plant height growth , stem root diameter growth,  plagiotropic branch length growth, the number of leaves of plagiotropic branches growth and the number of branches. The results showed that the type of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of plant height 90 DAP, the increase of stem root diameter growth and the increase of the number of plagiotropic branches 90 DAP. Concentration has a significant effect on the increase of the plagiotropic branch length 90 DAP. The best concentration is 2 cc L-1 water with Mol fertilizer and there was no real intraction.   

scholarly journals Growth and production of conilon coffee under fertilization of nitrogen and molybdenum (Mo)

2021 ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Thiago Lopes Rosado ◽  
Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas ◽  
Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Micronutrient Availability ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

Nitrogen is the most applied nutrient in Coffea canephora crops, due to the high requirement of the crop and low availability in most soils. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization can be maximized by applying molybdenum, due to the role of molybdenum in the nitrate’s metabolism. This study was conducted during two coffee production cycles under field conditions. It aimed to evaluate the effects of applying molybdenum on the growth and production of conilon coffee, subjected to different amounts of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted from June 2018 to May 2020. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the absence and presence of molybdenum fertilization (4 kg ha-1 year-1) and the second factor, nitrogen doses (300, 500, 700, 900 and 1,100 kg ha-1 year-1) applied in five plots, during fruit development. We evaluated the conilon growth variables in each agricultural year, in addition to the yield of processed coffee and grain yield. The length of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes per side branch, number of rosettes and fruits per productive branch were closely related to the coffee yield and were influenced by the nitrogen fertilization. Increasing doses of nitrogen promoted quadratic increases in coffee yield, with addition of 35.3% and 88.9% for the 2019 and 2020 harvests, respectively, indicating that maximum coffee productivity is genetically defined and affected by environment conditions and management. For the harvest 2020, the application of molybdenum resulted in an increase in the length of the orthotropic stem and plagiotropic branches, in addition to providing increase of 3.7% in the yield of C. canephora. This suggested that there was a reduction in micronutrient availability in the soil, throughout the experimental period, limiting the growth and production of coffee in the second year

scholarly journals Concentration of Nutrients in Leaves, Flowers, and Fruits of Genotypes of Coffea canephora

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2661
Author(s):  
Millena Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Cleidson Alves da Silva ◽  
Eduardo France Oza ◽  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Hierarchical Method ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Yields

It is important to consider the nutritional demand among genotypes of the same species to achieve high yields. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the concentration of nutrients in leaves, flowers, grains, and fruit straw in conilon coffee genotypes. The experiment was carried out under a randomized block design, with three replications and the evaluation of nine genotypes. Leaf collections were carried out every three months, from August 2019 to May 2020. Flowers were collected at flowering in July 2019 and fruits in June 2020, upon complete maturation of the genotypes. The materials were dried in an oven and sent for laboratory analysis to determine the nutritional content. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by a comparison of means and estimates of genetic parameters and clustering using the hierarchical method (UPGMA). The nutrients found in the highest concentrations in the evaluated plant organs were N and K for macronutrients and Fe for micronutrients. For the leaves, the concentrations of the main nutrients were high in the first and reduced in the last evaluated periods, possibly due to mobilization to the fruits. Considering all the plant tissues evaluated, the order of concentration of macronutrients and micronutrients was N > K > Ca > P = Mg = S and Fe > B > Mn > Cu > Zn, respectively. For a nutritional diagnosis, it is important to take comparisons of the genetic diversity and evaluation periods into consideration.

scholarly journals RAPD based genetic diversity, agronomic characters, and nutrition content of Timor Leste kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS CORREIA VIDAL ◽  
Asep Setiawan ◽  
YUDIWANTI WAHYU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Timor Leste

Abstract. Vidal MC, Setiawan A, Wahyu Y. 2019. RAPD based genetic diversity, agronomic characters, and nutrition content of Timor Leste kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes. Biodiversitas 20: 2612-2619. The productivity of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Timor Leste is relatively low and needs to be improved. The increase in kidney bean yield through plant breeding, however, can only be obtained if information the genetic diversity of breeding materials is available. This study aimed to characterize agronomic characters, to assess genetic diversity and nutrient content of kidney bean in Timor Leste. The materials used in this study were 13 Timor Leste and 2 Indonesian genotypes as controls. The experimental design for the field trial was a complete randomized block design with three replications. The treatment was 13 kidney bean genotypes. The results showed that there were significant variations in agronomic characters among the genotypes tested. Result from phylogenetic trees based on the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) indicated that the genetic material understudied can be grouped into three main groups. The Indonesian genotype belongs to a different group from Timor Leste genotypes. Direct selection based on seed yields produced the best eight East Timor genotypes, TL-RO3, TL-LUN, TL-LM, TL-R10, TL-LL, TL-RW, TL-LB, TL-LB, and TL-Umabano. The nutritional content of the kidney bean genotype from Timor Leste was similar to that of the Indonesian genotype. The carbohydrate content of the Timor Leste genotype was considered high (average = 59.95%), while the average fat content is low (1.71%) and the average protein content was quite moderate (18.08%).  

scholarly journals Seasonal Vegetative Growth in Genotypes of Coffea canephora, as Related to Climatic Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Wellington Braida Marré ◽  
Antelmo Ralph Falqueto ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cavatti
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coffea Canephora
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