Effect of phytoregulators on vegetative characteristics of ‘packham’s triumph’ pear trees

This study aimed at evaluating the use of phytoregulators in vegetative characteristics of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear trees in both 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cycles. The orchard, was implemented in 2011. The following phytoregulators and doses were used: Ethephon and 6-Benzyladenine at 100, 200, 300 and 400 ml L-1. The experiment had a randomized block design with five replicates. Each experimental unit was composed of a plant. Variables under evaluation were leaf area, annual branch length, annual branch diameter, number of buds on the annual branch, internode length, fertility index and trunk cross section areas of the crown cultivar and of the rootstock. Only the following variables exhibited significance: leaf area, annual branch length and number of buds in plants treated with Ethephon in the 2015/2016 cycle. Leaf area was smaller when high concentrations of Ethephon were applied while the least efficient doses for annual branch length and number of buds were 162.66 ml L-1 and 107.30 ml L-1, respectively

Download Full-text

Efeito da adubação nitrogenada na formação de mudas de goiabeira irrigadas com águas salinizadas

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3735 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. M. Silva ◽

R. G. Nobre ◽

L. P. Souza ◽

F. W. A. Pinheiro ◽

A. B. A. Andrade

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity

Além de favorecer o desenvolvimento e a produção das culturas, a adubação tem sido considerada uma técnica capaz de reduzir o efeito da salinidade nas plantas. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se o trabalho para avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na formação de mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma irrigadas com águas de diferentes salinidades. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimetar da UFCG, Pombal, PB com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo os tratamentos correspondentes aos níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) de 0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1 associados a 70, 100, 130 e 160% da dose recomendada de nitrogênio (N) para mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma, com quatro repetições, e cinco plantas por unidade experimental. Aos 180 dias após a emergência, a adubação nitrogenada na dose de 773 mg de N dm-3 reduz o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o diâmetro do caule das mudas. As plantas adubadas com as doses variando de 541 a 618,4 mg de N dm-3 atingem maior crescimento em altura de planta, número de folhas e área foliar. A área foliar e a massa seca total de mudas de goiabeira atingem maiores valores no nível de CEa de 1,3 dS m-1.Effect of nitrogen fertilization in the formation of guava seedlings irrigated with salted waterAbstract: In addition to favoring the development and production of crops, the fertilizer has been considered a technique capable to reduce the effect of salinity on plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the ‘Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar’ of UFCG, Pombal, PB in a randomized block design a 5 x 4 factorial, with the treatments corresponding to the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw) 0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1 associated with doses of 70, 100, 130 and 160% of recommended nitrogen (N) for guava seedlings Paluma, with four replications, using five plants per experimental unit. At 180 days after emergence, the nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 773 mg N dm-3 reduces the effect of irrigation water salinity on the stem diameter of seedlings. The plants fertilized with doses ranging from 541 at 618.4 mg of the N dm-3 reach higher growth in plant height, leaf number and leaf area. The leaf area and total dry mass of guava seedlings reach higher values at the ECw level of 1.3 dS m-1.

Download Full-text

Crescimento do algodoeiro colorido pós-poda em solos com distintas PSTs e doses de esterco

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3715 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 06

Author(s):

L. L. S. Almeida ◽

R. G. Nobre ◽

L. P. Souza ◽

J. L. Barbosa ◽

J. J. Elias

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Branch Length ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Sodic Soils ◽

Branch Diameter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Number Of Leaves

A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambiente protegido no CCTA/UFCG onde objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de plantas de algodoeiro de fibra naturalmente colorida cv. BRS Topázio, no segundo ciclo produtivo pós-poda, em solos salino-sódico sob esterco bovino. Usou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com 3 repetições, cujos tratamentos consistiram de cinco percentagens de sódio trocável - PST (13,6; 22,4; 30,1; 39,0 e 48,0%) e quatro doses de esterco bovino (0; 5; 10 e 15%). Ao encerrar a produção das plantas de algodoeiro (primeiro ciclo) realizou-se uma poda drástica, onde, após as brotações (segundo ciclo) avaliaram-se aos 51 e 91 dias após a poda (DAP) as variáveis: comprimento do ramo (CR), diâmetro do ramo (DR), diâmetro do caule (DC) e número de folhas (NF). Doses de 10% de matéria orgânica favoreceu o comprimento do ramo e, de 15% o diâmetro do ramo e do caule de plantas de algodoeiro cv. BRS Topázio aos 51 e 91 dias após a poda. Percentagens de sódio trocável de até 48% não influenciou o comprimento e o diâmetro de ramos, o diâmetro do caule e o número de folhas do algodoeiro aos 51 e 91 dias após a poda. A interação entre os fatores (PST x MO) promoveu efeito significativo sobre o diâmetro do caule de plantas de algodoeiro aos 91 DAP.Cotton growth colored post-pruning on soil with different PSTs and manure of doses<pre>SUMMARY: The research was conducted in protected environment in the CCTA / UFCG which aimed to evaluate the growth of naturally colored hp fiber cotton plants. BRS Topaz, the second post-pruning production cycle in saline-sodic soils manure. It used the randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 4, with 3 repetitions and the treatments consisted of five percentages of exchangeable sodium - PST (13.6; 22.4; 30.1; 39.0 and 48.0 %) and four doses of cattle manure (0, 5, 10 and 15%). To cease production of cotton plants (first cycle) held a drastic pruning, where, after the shoots (second cycle) were evaluated after 51 and 91 days after pruning (DAP) variables: branch length (CR), branch diameter (DR), stem diameter (DC) and number of leaves (NF). Doses of 10% organic matter favored branch length and 15% of the diameter of the branch and cotton plants cv stem. BRS Topaz after 51 and 91 days after pruning. Exchangeable sodium in percentages of up to 48% did not influence the length and diameter of branches, the stem diameter and the number of cotton leaves at 51 and 91 days after pruning. The interaction between the factors (PST x MO) has promoted significant effect on stem diameter of cotton plants at 91 DAP.</pre>

Download Full-text

251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Calvin Gibbons ◽

Andrea K Watson ◽

Galen E Erickson ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Levi J McPhillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Random Effect ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000800007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1666-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽

Francisco Antonio Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009000900017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1757-1761

Author(s):

José Vieira Neto ◽

Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽

Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽

Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽

Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Large White ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Independent Form ◽

Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

Download Full-text

Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan NPK pada Budidaya Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.)

AgriHealth: Journal of Agri-food, Nutrition and Public Health ◽

10.20961/agrihealth.v2i1.49828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Irpan Gunawan ◽

Atak Tauhid ◽

Isna Tustiyani

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Two Factors ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Npk Fertilizer

Cauliflower is one of the vegetables for consumers. The demand for cauliflower was rising so it must be scaled up with fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of chicken manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cauliflower. The study was conducted in Sukasenang Village, Banyuresmi Sub-district, Garut Regency from July to August 2019. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in two factors each of the 3 rates with 2 replications. The first factor was the rates of chicken manure which consisted of 0, 10 and 20 tons ha-1; the second factor was NPK fertilizer which consists of 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. The parameter of this research was plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, weight and diameter crud. The results showed that there was no interaction between the chicken manure and NPK fertilizer. The treatment of 20 tons ha-1 chicken manure affected the variable plant height, the number of leaves and leaf area. The rates of 200 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer had affected plant height, number of leaves, weight and diameter crud.

Download Full-text

The effect of leaf area reduction on corn plants during the reproduction phase

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000400002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 413-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Rodrigues de Toledo Alvim ◽

Césio Humberto de Brito ◽

Afonso Maria Brandão ◽

Luiz Savelli Gomes ◽

Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Spike Density ◽

Area Reduction ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Root Resistance

Reduction in leaf area in corn plants during reproduction changes physiological metabolism and consequently the accumulation of dry matter in grains. The aim of this work was to study changes in agronomic characteristics caused by defoliation in corn during the reproduction phase. The experiment was carried out in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, in the agricultural year 2007/2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven treatments: control without defoliation, removal of two apical leaves, removal of four apical leaves, removal of all leaves above spike, removal of four intermediate leaves, removal of all leaves below spike, and removal of all plant leaves, with five repetitions. The genotype used for the evaluations was hybrid NB 7376. Defoliation was carried out when plants were at the growth stage R2. The variables assessed were: yield, density of spikes and corncobs, root resistance and stem integrity. When all leaves above the spike were removed, grain yield was reduced by 20%. Corncob density, stem integrity and root resistance to uprooting were also affected. Spike density was only affected when all plant leaves were removed. The leaf area remaining physiologically active above the spike was found to be most efficient in terms of grain yield.

Download Full-text

Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. E3113

Author(s):

José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽

Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽

Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Carbon Concentration ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Essential Element ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

Download Full-text

AVALIAÇÃO DE TRÊS MÉTODOS DE OBTENÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE ÁREA FOLIAR PARA CULTURA DA SOJA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i3.7545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Ana Laura Pereira Souza ◽

Marcelo Marques Costa ◽

Darly Geraldo de Sena Junior ◽

Rogério Borges de Oliveria Paz

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Density ◽

Digital Images ◽

Block Design ◽

Linear Equations ◽

Density Variation ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Area Index ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design

O Índice de área foliar (IAF) representa a eficiência na interceptação e utilização da radiação solar pelas plantas. O IAF pode ser obtido de forma direta, determinando-se a área foliar e área ocupada pela planta. Entretanto, métodos indiretos são comumente utilizados para sua estimativa devido a necessidade de praticidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a equivalência das estimativas do IAF obtidas por meio de um ceptômetro, pelo método de discos e utilizando imagens digitais. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento com a cultura da soja, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com variação da densidade de plantas, para comparar os valores de IAF obtidos pelos diferentes métodos aos 34 dias após a semeadura (DAS). A comparação foi feita por meio dos coeficientes de equações lineares ajustadas entre os resultados obtidos. O método do disco e do ceptômetro, apresentaram uma boa equivalência entre seus valores. Entretanto, o método que utiliza imagens superestimou o IAF, não apresentando uma boa equivalência de seus valores aos do método de discos e ao ceptômetro.Palavras-chave: ceptômetro, discos foliares, imagens digitais. EVALUATION OF THREE OBTAINMENT METHODS OF FOLIAR AREA INDEX FOR SOYBEAN CROP ABSTRACT:The leaf area index (LAI) represents the interception efficiency and use of solar radiation by plants. IAF can be obtained directly, determining the leaf area and area occupied by the plant. However, indirect methods are commonly used for their estimation because for practicality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the equivalence of the LAI estimates obtained with a ceptometer, using the disc method and digital images. A experiment was conducted with soybean crop, in a randomized block design with plant density variation to compare the LAI values obtained by the different methods at 34 days after sowing (DAS). The comparison was made through the coefficients of linear equations adjusted between the results obtained. The disc and the ceptometer method presented a good equivalence between their values. However, the imaging method overestimated the LAI, not presenting a good equivalence of its values to those of the disc method and the ceptometer.Keywords: ceptometer, leaf discs, digital images.

Download Full-text

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT CENGKEH (Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merr dan Perry) KULTIVAR ZANZIBAR AKIBAT PUPUK NPK DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR

Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ◽

10.35138/paspalum.v4i1.24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Yudi Yusdian ◽

Ridwan Haris

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Sea Level ◽

Soil Type ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Height ◽

West Java ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer

The objective of this research was to study the response on the growth of clove seedling cultivar Zanzibar as the result of using NPK Phonska fertilizer dosage and liquid organic fertilizer concentration and to find out the acurate dosage of NPK Phonska and liquid organic fertilizer “Getoe”. The experiment was conducted at Kampung Ciherang Desa Gunungtua Kecamatan Cijambe Kabupaten Subang, West Java. The altitude is about 600 m above sea level, the soil type is Ultisol (pH 5,4), the average of rainfall was 1622,10 mm/year and the type of rainfall is C according to Schmidt and Ferrguson (1951). The experiment from March 2014 until June 2014. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of six treatments, i.e : A (2,5 g NPK + 0 cc/L of water POC Getoe), B (1,5 g NPK + 2,5 cc/L of water POC Getoe), C (2,0 g NPK + 2 cc/L of water POC Getoe), D (2,5 g NPK + 1,5 cc/L of water POC Getoe), E (3,0 g NPK + 1,0 cc/L of water POC Getoe) and F (3,5 g NPK + 0,5 cc/L of water POC Getoe) and replicated six times respectively. The result of this research showed that combined 2,5 g NPK fertilizer and 1,5 cc Getoe liquid organic fertilizer concentration gave the better effect on stem height, leaves of number, leaf area, dry weight of plant and dry weight of root the clove seedling cultivar Zanzibar.

Download Full-text