scholarly journals Expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and antioxidant enzyme genes in hybrid rice II YOU 838 during heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Flag Leaves

II YOU 838 (Oryza sativa subsp. indica), crossed by the maternal II-32A and paternal Fu Hui 838, was one of the most widely cultivated hybrid rice in China. Fu Hui 838, which has resistance to high temperature, was generated by mutation technology in 1990. Previous field-testing showed that II YOU 838 had tolerance to high temperature stress and this was confirmed in the present study. The mechanism of heat tolerance of II YOU 838 is not understood. The present study reports gene expression of a representative sample of heat-responsive proteins in II YOU 838 flag leaves subjected to heat stress during flowering. Differential expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), small heat shock protein (smHSP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were studied under heat stress and optimum temperatures in flag leaves of II YOU 838. All six genes studied were responsive to high temperatures. Quantitative real-time PCR showed increased expression of the heat shock protein genes and antioxidant enzyme genes in flag leaves under heat stress. With increasing number of days gene expression decreased under high temperature. Peak expression of SOD, POD, hsp70 and hsp90 was on Day 2 under 39 ℃. On Day 3, the expression of CAT under 39 ℃ was the highest. The expression of smhsp was highest on Day 3 under 27 ℃, followed by that on Day 2 under 27 ℃. The maximum expression values were observed on Day 2 or Day 3 after beginning of heat stress. This suggests that hsp90, hsp70, SOD and POD are principally involved in early responses to heat in rice flag leaves, and that smhsp may play a role in the recovery mechanism in rice after heat stress. This may provide insights into the mechanism of heat-tolerance in rice

Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul- Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.

Genes and expression pattern of tobacco mitochondrial small heat shock protein under high-temperature stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jo Koo ◽  
Xinli Xia ◽  
Choo Bong Hong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress

Induction of Heat Shock Protein Genes is the Hallmark of Egg Heat Tolerance in Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1972-1981
Author(s):  
Dong Jia ◽  
Yan-Hong Liu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Zhou-Yu Ji ◽  
Yuan-Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Alligator Weed ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Hsp Genes

Abstract Insects are ecotothermic organisms. Their development, survival, reproduction as well as distribution and abundance are affected by temperature. Heat shock protein (HSP) gene expression is closely associated with temperature variation and influences the adaptation of organisms to adverse environments. The beetle Agasicles hygrophila has successfully been used for biological control of the invasive plant alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). As A. hygrophila populations are substantially inhibited by high temperatures in the summer, increasing global temperatures may limit the efficacy of this control agent. We previously established that A. hygrophila eggs have low tolerance to heat and this factored into the decreased numbers of A. hygrophila beetles at temperatures of 37.5°C and above. Here, we identified 26 HSP genes in A. hygrophila and examined the relationship between the transcript levels of these genes and heat tolerance. The temperature at which the expression of these 21 HSP genes peaked (Tpeak) was 37.5°C, which is in line with the limit of the high temperatures that A. hygrophila eggs tolerate. Therefore, we speculate that the Tpeak of HSP gene expression in eggs indicates the upper limit of temperatures that A. hygrophila eggs tolerate. This study identifies HSP genes as potential robust biomarkers and emphasizes that determining species’ heat tolerance in their natural habitats remains an important consideration for biocontrol. HSP gene expression data provide information about a species’ heat tolerance and may be used to predict its geographical distribution.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia elegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Tse-Yen Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Time Intervals

High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30°C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.

From qualitative to quantitative: a new approach for determining heat tolerance in cotton using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Yvonne Jaconis ◽  
Warren C Conaty ◽  
Alan J. E. Thompson ◽  
Shanna L Smith ◽  
Chiara Trimarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Viability Testing

Abstract Background Susceptibility of cotton to heat stress in cotton production systems is a major concern for breeding programs. It is hypothesised that in order to maintain or improve cotton yields and quality in sub-optimal future climates, the negative effects of high temperature stress must be mitigated. To address this need, a fast and effect way of quantifying thermotolerant phenotypes is required. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) based enzyme viability testing following high temperature stress can be used as a heat tolerance phenotype. This is because when live cells encounter a TTC solution, TTC undergoes a chemical reduction producing a visible, insoluble red product called triphenyl formazan, that can be quantified spectrophotometrically. However, existing TTC based cell viability assays cannot easily be deployed at the scale required in a crop improvement program. Results In this study, a heat stress assay (HSA) based on the use of TTC enzyme viability testing has been refined and improved for efficiency, reliability, and ease of use through four experiments. Sampling factors which may influence assay results such as leaf age, plant water status, and short-term cold storage were also investigated. Experiments conducted in this study have successfully down scaled the assay and identified an optimal sampling regime, enabling measurement of large segregating populations for application in breeding programs. The optimal durations of leaf disc exposure to TTC and the subsequent extraction of the formazan product in ethanol were identified as 16 h and 13 h, respectively; leading to enhanced clarity of assay results. Conclusions These improvements in the methodology provide a new level of confidence in results, ensuring applicability of the assay to a breeding program. The improved HSA methodology is important as it is proposed that long-term improvements in cotton thermotolerance can be achieved through concurrent selection of superior phenotypes based on the HSA and yield performance in hot environments. Additionally, a new way of interpreting both heat tolerance and heat resistance were developed to differentiate genotypes that perform well at the time of a heat stress event and those that maintain a similar level of performance to a non-stressed control.

Identification of a Bombyx mori gene encoding small heat shock protein BmHsp27.4 expressed in response to high-temperature stress

Gene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 538 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Fang ◽  
Zhongzan Bao ◽  
Xing Jin ◽  
Wenjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Gene Encoding

scholarly journals Trehalose alleviates high‐temperature stress in Pleurotus ostreatus by affecting central carbon metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yu Yan ◽  
Meng-Ran Zhao ◽  
Chen-Yang Huang ◽  
Li-Jiao Zhang ◽  
Jin-Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Protective Agent

Abstract Background Trehalose, an intracellular protective agent reported to mediate defense against many stresses, can alleviate high-temperature-induced damage in Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, the mechanism by which trehalose relieves heat stress was explored by the addition of exogenous trehalose and the use of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (tps1) overexpression transformants. Results The results suggested that treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 alleviated the accumulation of lactic acid under heat stress and downregulated the expression of the phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) genes, suggesting an ameliorative effect of trehalose on the enhanced glycolysis in P. ostreatus under heat stress. However, the upregulation of hexokinase (hk) gene expression by trehalose indicated the involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in heat stress resistance. Moreover, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 increased the gene expression level and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) and increased the production of both the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH), confirming the effect of trehalose on alleviating oxidative damage by enhancing PPP in P. ostreatus under heat stress. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 ameliorated the decrease in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) caused by heat stress, suggesting a relationship between trehalose and mitochondrial function under heat stress. Conclusions Trehalose alleviates high-temperature stress in P. ostreatus by inhibiting glycolysis and stimulating PPP activity. This study may provide further insights into the heat stress defense mechanism of trehalose in edible fungi from the perspective of intracellular metabolism.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism underlying Pyropia haitanensis PhHsp22-mediated increase in the high-temperature tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chang ◽  
Jianzhi Shi ◽  
Jianzhang Lin ◽  
Dehua Ji ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Pyropia Haitanensis ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

AbstractGlobal warming is one of the key limiting factors affecting the cultivation of Pyropia haitanensis which is an economically important macroalgae species grown in southern China. However, the mechanism underlying the high-temperature tolerance of P. haitanensis remains largely unknown. In a previous study, we showed that the expression of the small heat shock protein 22 gene (Hsp22) is upregulated in P. haitanensis in response to high-temperature stress, but the associated regulatory mechanism was not fully elucidated. In this study, a transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expression system was used to functionally characterize P. haitanensis Hsp22. Our analyses indicated that the C-terminal of PhHsp22 is highly conserved and contains an A-crystal structure domain. A phylogenetic analysis revealed PhHsp22 is not closely related to small heat shock protein genes in other species. Additionally, PhHsp22 expression significantly increased at 3 and 6 h after initiating 33 °C treatment, which improved the survival rate of transgenic C. reinhardtii during the early stage of high-temperature treatment. The further transcriptome analysis revealed that PhHsp22 expression can promote pathways related to energy metabolism, metabolites metabolism, and protein homeostasis in transgenic C. reinhardtii cells exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, PhHsp22 may be crucial for the response of Pyropia species to high-temperature stress. Furthermore, this gene may be useful for breeding new high-temperature algal strains.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens with Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Expression as its Indicator

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Cecep Hidayat ◽  
Komarudin . ◽  
E Wina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Manganese Chromium

<p class="awabstrak2"><span lang="EN-US">Heat stress is an important issue in broiler chicken farms in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. Heat stress is very detrimental to broiler chickens because reducing production performance, health, and causing mortality. In the condition of heat stress, broilers synthesize Heat Shock Protein (HSP) quickly as the body's response to heat stress. HSP 70 is the most studied HSP group related to heat stress. The objective of this study was to review the nutritional approach that has been done to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens with the HSP70 gene expression as its indicator. Based on some studies, nutritional approaches that can be taken are through the management of feed availability, supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, plant bioactives, amino acids (taurine and glutamine), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, manan oligo saccharide (MOS) and minerals (selenium, zinc, manganese, chromium). By these approaches, HSP70 gene expression decreased indicating that the heat stress level of broiler chicken also reduced. It can be concluded that the nutritional approach can be used as a method for heat stress mitigation in broilers with the HSP70 gene expression indicator. </span></p>

scholarly journals Melatonin Pretreatment Confers Heat Tolerance and Repression of Heat-Induced Senescence in Tomato Through the Modulation of ABA- and GA-Mediated Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Ahmed Abou El-Yazied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Catabolic Gene ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Heat stress and abscisic acid (ABA) induce leaf senescence, whereas melatonin (MT) and gibberellins (GA) play critical roles in inhibiting leaf senescence. Recent research findings confirm that plant tolerance to diverse stresses is closely associated with foliage lifespan. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the signaling interaction of MT with GA and ABA regarding heat-induced leaf senescence largely remains undetermined. Herein, we investigated putative functions of melatonin in suppressing heat-induced leaf senescence in tomato and how ABA and GA coordinate with each other in the presence of MT. Tomato seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM MT or water and exposed to high temperature (38/28°C) for 5 days (d). Heat stress significantly accelerated senescence, damage to the photosystem and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating RBOH gene expression. Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated heat-induced leaf senescence, as reflected by reduced leaf yellowing, an increased Fv/Fm ratio, and reduced ROS production. The Rbohs gene, chlorophyll catabolic genes, and senescence-associated gene expression levels were significantly suppressed by MT addition. Exogenous application of MT elevated the endogenous MT and GA contents but reduced the ABA content in high-temperature-exposed plants. However, the GA and ABA contents were inhibited by paclobutrazol (PCB, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor) and sodium tungstate (ST, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatment. MT-induced heat tolerance was compromised in both inhibitor-treated plants. The transcript abundance of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes was repressed; however, the biosynthesis genes MT and GA were upregulated in MT-treated plants. Moreover, GA signaling suppressor and catabolic gene expression was inhibited, while ABA catabolic gene expression was upregulated by MT application. Taken together, MT-mediated suppression of heat-induced leaf senescence has collaborated with the activation of MT and GA biosynthesis and inhibition of ABA biosynthesis pathways in tomato.

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