The Study on the Effect of Double Responsibility of Elderly and Child care on the Future Childbirth Intention: Focusing on Moderating Effect of the Presence of Elderly Care Burden on the Relationship between the Number of Children within Household and the future Fertility Intention

Abstract In October 2015, the Chinese Government announced that the one-child policy had finally been replaced by a universal two-child policy. China’s universal two-child policy is highly significant because, for the first time in 36 years, no one in an urban city is restricted to having just one child. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore future fertility intentions and factors influencing individual reproductive behaviour (whether to have two children) in Dalian City. A total of 1370 respondents were interviewed. The respondents’ mean ideal number of children was only 1.73, and urban respondents’ sex preference was symmetrical. A total of 19.0% of the respondents were unmarried, 64.5% were married and had childbearing experience and only 6.3% of married respondents had two children. Among the 1370 participants, 30.4% stated that they would have a second child, while 69.6% refused to have a second child in the future. Binary logistic regression analysis (Model 1) showed that the following characteristics were associated with having only one child in the future: being female, being older, having a lower education level, being born in Dalian, having a lower family income and reporting one child as the ideal number of children. Model 2 (comprising only respondents with childbearing experience) showed that respondents who were female, had a lower family income and were unable to obtain additional financial support from parents were more likely to intend to stick at one child. In addition, respondents’ ideal number of children and childbearing experiences had a significant influence on future fertility intentions. These results suggest that fertility intentions and reproductive behaviours are still below those needed for replacement level fertility in Dalian City. China’s policymakers should pay more attention to these factors (socioeconomic characteristics, economic factors, desired number of children and childbearing experiences) and try to increase individual reproductive behaviour.

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Future Technical Professionals Interrelationship on Personality, Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention

The Journal of Social Sciences Research ◽

10.32861/jssr.spi6.1018.1023 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1018-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tan Ooi Kuan ◽

Cham Tat Huei ◽

Chuah Siong Yee

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Education Institution ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

For Profit ◽

The Future ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Relationship ◽

Technical Professionals

Entrepreneurship skill is considered as an essential skill in the current era of Industry 4.0. The past literature has reported that entrepreneur intention of an individual plays a significant role in his or her decision to establish a new firm and getting involved with business activities. Hence, this study aims to investigate the influence of the personality and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention among the future technical professionals in the non-for-profit higher education institution of Malaysia. Moreover, the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between personality and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention was also examined in the present study. A total of 475 responses were collected with the use of survey questionnaire from the future technical professionals from non-for-profit higher education institutions in Malaysia. The results of this study show that personality and attitude of future technical professionals were found to have a significant impact on the entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, gender also found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between personality and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. The practical implications of the research findings were discussed.

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Attitudes Towards Ads and Age. A Study in Seniors

Revista Brasileira de Marketing ◽

10.5585/remark.v13i3.2725 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 01-16

Author(s):

Marta M. Estrada ◽

Diego Monferrer ◽

Miguel A. Moliner ◽

Javier Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Favorable Attitude ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Purchasing Intention ◽

Cognitive Age ◽

The Future ◽

The Relationship

Older adults make up one of the markets with the greatest potential in the future. It is essential that businesses take the diversity within this group into account, and perform segmentation in order to obtain a favorable attitude towards the ad. The potential for segmentation by chronological age has been called into question in recent years, with cognitive age emerging as the main alternative. This research aims to analyses the relationship between the variables of attitude towards the ad, attitude towards the brand and purchasing intention among older adults, noting the moderating effect of the joint use of chronological age and cognitive age on these items.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i3.2725

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Fertility Preferences in Saharsa District (Bihar): A Geographical Study

National Geographical Journal of India ◽

10.48008/ngji.1737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 149-163

Author(s):

Nitin Kumar Mishra ◽

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Ideal Family Size ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Fertility Preferences ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Ideal Family ◽

Future Fertility ◽

The Future ◽

Ideal Number ◽

The Mean

Fertility preferences in India, expressed in terms of ideal family size and the desire to have additional children, can predict future fertility, with women who have attained or surpassed their ideal family size, or who have explicitly expressed a desire to stop childbearing, less likely than other women to give birth in the future. women will have an unwanted birth is much higher if they have a son than otherwise and as son preference declines, the value of the indicators in predicting the future fertility behaviour of women improves. This paper an attempt to analyze the preferences for family size, sex and the ideal number of the children in population and to suggest some remedial measures to reduce the fertility in general and to enhance human welfare in particular. This study is based on primary data collected through personal survey with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The mean ideal number of children varies across the demographic, socio-economic and cultural groups. The mean ideal number of children for the women of 15-19 years is 2 children (1.97 per cent) while it is 3 children (3.05 per cent) for 40-44 years of age. The preference of sons against the daughters is higher in each age group.

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An analysis of the moderating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between the communicative competence and organizational effectiveness of child care teachers

Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction ◽

10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.8.285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 285-303

Author(s):

Jae Kyong Jo

Keyword(s):

Child Care ◽

Organizational Effectiveness ◽

Psychological Empowerment ◽

Communicative Competence ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

The Relationship

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Fertility intentions and influential factors in Dalian urban city ---A cross-sectional study based on Universal Two-child policy in China

10.1101/572008 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hongyan Qiu ◽

Qun Zhang ◽

Jin Zhang ◽

Yangjie Ren ◽

Xujuan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Fertility Intention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Child Policy ◽

Future Fertility ◽

Ideal Number ◽

The Ideal

AbstractBackgroundIn October, 2015, Chinese government announced that one-child policy had finally been replaced by a universal two-child policy. However, the effects of new policy may be far less than expected. So we conducted this research to explore potential influential factors of fertility intention.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted and a self-administered questionnaire was designed for collecting socio-demographic information, future fertility intention and influential factors of individual reproductive behavior. The analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 statistical software package.ResultsA total of 1370 respondents were interviewed. Our research indicated that the mean ideal number of children was only 1.73 and urban respondents’ sex preference was symmetrical preference. 79.1% (884) married people had the first child already, only 7.6% (71) respondents had two children. Among 1370 participants, 30.4% respondents stated that they would have a second child; while 69.6% respondents refused to have two children in future (just wanted only a child). Binary logistic regression analysis (model 1) showed that female, older age, lower education lever, birth place was Dalian, lower family income, the ideal number of children were associated with having 1 child in the future. Model 2 (only respondents with childbearing experience) showed that female, lower family income, couldn’t get additional financial support from parents were more likely refused to have two children; in additional, the ideal number of children and childbearing experience were significantly influences on future fertility intention.ConclusionFertility intention and reproductive behavior still below replacement in Dalian city. Our results suggest that several factors (including socioeconomic characteristics, economic factors, desired number of child, childbearing experience) have distinctive effects on fertility intention.

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A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000091 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philip L. Roth ◽

Allen I. Huffcutt

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Employment Interviews ◽

Moderator Analysis ◽

The Future ◽

Research Questions ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

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