scholarly journals Constitutional diversity in the dimensions of internal organs of teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
V. O. Erkudov ◽  
A. P. Pugovkin ◽  
A. Ja. Volkov ◽  
O. I. Musaeva ◽  
P. A. Zhivtsova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mosaic Distribution ◽  
Selection Of

The anatomical dimensions of the internal organs are relatively stable and constitutionally determined. The connection between the somatotype and the size of the internal organs in adolescents - boys and girls - remains virtually unexplored. So, the purpose of this work is to compare the size of the internal organs separately in the group of young men and girls with lepto-, meso-and hypersome somatotype. The study involved 421 teenagers aged from 13 to 17 years: 225 boys and 196 girls. Their somatotypes were determined according to the patented method of V.A. Melnik, I.I. Salivon, N.I. Polina, and the sizes of abdominal organs and thyroid gland were determined using ultrasound morphometry. Their comparisons revealed the mosaic distribution of differences in the size of internal organs in children with different types of constitution. The authors discussed possible reasons of this difference: a methodological error in visualizing the size of internal organs, the influence of thyroid hormones, general biological and evolutionary factors, and the effect of narrow (in terms of gender and age) selection of the subjects. Thus, an orientation towards the constitutional features of the organism as a factor influencing the results of ultrasound examination of internal organs should be optional until the mechanisms and structure of these features are clarified in detail.

scholarly journals Applicability of thyroxine measurements and ultrasound imaging in evaluations of thyroid function in turtles

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Joanna Pajdak-Czaus ◽  
Elżbieta Terech-Majewska ◽  
Dagmara Będzłowicz ◽  
Martyn Mączyński ◽  
Wioletta Krystkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Function

AbstractIntroduction: The thyroid and parathyroid glands play a major role in maintaining physiological homeostasis in all vertebrates. Reptiles have plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones far lower than mammals. Low levels of these hormones in reptiles impede thyroid hormone detection with assays designed for the higher levels of mammals. The aim of this study was to explore teaming this with ultrasound imaging of the thyroid to appraise glandular function. Material and Methods: Thyroid function of four pond sliders was evaluated based on the results of T4 analyses and ultrasound. Results: The concentrations of T4 varied considerably between the examined animals from <9 nmol/L to >167.3 nmol/L. Ultrasound examination revealed uniform echogenicity and a smooth outline of the thyroid gland in all animals. Conclusion: Monitoring of thyroid function based on T4 and electrolyte concentrations is helpful in assessing the health and living conditions of reptiles, which is important in veterinary practice but problematic. Ultrasound examinations are useful in diagnosing changes in gland structure, such as tumours and goitres, and a combination of both methods supports comprehensive assessments of the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND ULTRASOUND PARALLELS IN DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Aleksey Oparin ◽  
Natalia Yarantseva ◽  
Anatoliy Oparin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secretory Function

The aim of the work: to study the relationship of ultrasound parameters of the thyroid gland with the clinical course, the level of thyroid hormones and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Materials and methods. The study involved three groups of patients. The first group consisted of 22 patients with isolated GERD. The second group included 20 patients suffering from GERD in combination with AIT in the hypothyroid stage. And the third group included 20 patients suffering from isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The control group consisted of 15 apparently healthy individuals of the same age and sex. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included the necessary set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods in accordance with the local treatment protocols such as collection of complaints and anamnesis, patient examination, physical examination, clinical and biochemical analyzes, ECG, EGD, intragastric pH-metry. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the motor-evacuation function of the esophagus and stomach with water load and an ultrasound examination of thyroid gland. The functional activity of thyroid gland was assessed by determining the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T4 free, T3) by ELISA and the presence of antibodies to. Results. The study involved three groups of patients: patients with isolated gastroesophageal reflux disease, patients with a combined course of GERD and AIT in the hypothyroid stage and patients with isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The most pronounced complaints, a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the most pronounced ultrasound changes are noted in patients with combined pathology. Ultrasound examination of the lower third of esophagus and stomach in patients of all three groups showed the presence of regurgitation, expansion of the lumen of the lower third of esophagus and an increase in the diameter of esophageal opening of diaphragm in varying degrees, in contrast to patients in the control group. Thus according to the results of thyroid sonography and ultrasound examination of the motor function of the lower third of esophagus and stomach, the most pronounced changes were found in the second group of patients who had a combined course of GERD and AIT. Conclusions. 1. A clear correlation was established between the clinical course, an increase in the level of thyroid hormones and ultrasound picture of thyroid gland and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with GERD and AIT; It was shown that disorders in the activity of thyroid hormones affect the formation of motor-secretory disorders in patients with GERD with concomitant AIT which mutually aggravates the course of this comorbid pathology; Ultrasound diagnostics can be used as an evaluative method in this category of patients.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Anik Gupta ◽  
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo ◽  
Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Daniel Castro-Fresno
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Selection Of

Porous asphalt (PA) mixtures are more environmentally friendly but have lower durability than dense-graded mixtures. Additives can be incorporated into PA mixtures to enhance their mechanical strength; however, they may compromise the hydraulic characteristics, increase the total cost of pavement, and negatively affect the environment. In this paper, PA mixtures were produced with 5 different types of additives including 4 fibers and 1 filler. Their performances were compared with the reference mixtures containing virgin bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen. The performance of all mixes was assessed using: mechanical, hydraulic, economic, and environmental indicators. Then, the Delphi method was applied to compute the relative weights for the parameters in multi-criteria decision-making methods. Evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), technique for order of the preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) were employed to rank the additives. According to the results obtained, aramid pulp displayed comparable and, for some parameters such as abrasion resistance, even better performance than polymer-modified bitumen, whereas cellulose fiber demonstrated the best performance regarding sustainability, due to economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Methods for Preventing Visual Attacks in Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Data Discard and Dimensionality Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5235
Author(s):  
Nikita Andriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Noise Impulse ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of convolutional neural network inference in the task of image processing under the influence of visual attacks. Attacks of four different types were considered: simple, involving the addition of white Gaussian noise, impulse action on one pixel of an image, and attacks that change brightness values within a rectangular area. MNIST and Kaggle dogs vs. cats datasets were chosen. Recognition characteristics were obtained for the accuracy, depending on the number of images subjected to attacks and the types of attacks used in the training. The study was based on well-known convolutional neural network architectures used in pattern recognition tasks, such as VGG-16 and Inception_v3. The dependencies of the recognition accuracy on the parameters of visual attacks were obtained. Original methods were proposed to prevent visual attacks. Such methods are based on the selection of “incomprehensible” classes for the recognizer, and their subsequent correction based on neural network inference with reduced image sizes. As a result of applying these methods, gains in the accuracy metric by a factor of 1.3 were obtained after iteration by discarding incomprehensible images, and reducing the amount of uncertainty by 4–5% after iteration by applying the integration of the results of image analyses in reduced dimensions.

An algebraic approach to N-soft sets with application in decision-making using TOPSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shabir ◽  
Rimsha Mushtaq ◽  
Munazza Naz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Commutative Monoids ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we focus on two main objectives. Firstly, we define some binary and unary operations on N-soft sets and study their algebraic properties. In unary operations, three different types of complements are studied. We prove De Morgan’s laws concerning top complements and for bottom complements for N-soft sets where N is fixed and provide a counterexample to show that De Morgan’s laws do not hold if we take different N. Then, we study different collections of N-soft sets which become idempotent commutative monoids and consequently show, that, these monoids give rise to hemirings of N-soft sets. Some of these hemirings are turned out as lattices. Finally, we show that the collection of all N-soft sets with full parameter set E and collection of all N-soft sets with parameter subset A are Stone Algebras. The second objective is to integrate the well-known technique of TOPSIS and N-soft set-based mathematical models from the real world. We discuss a hybrid model of multi-criteria decision-making combining the TOPSIS and N-soft sets and present an algorithm with implementation on the selection of the best model of laptop.

scholarly journals Outlier Detection at the Parcel-Level in Wheat and Rapeseed Crops Using Multispectral and SAR Time Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
Florian Mouret ◽  
Mohanad Albughdadi ◽  
Sylvie Duthoit ◽  
Denis Kouamé ◽  
Guillaume Rieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Vegetation Indexes ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sentinel 2

This paper studies the detection of anomalous crop development at the parcel-level based on an unsupervised outlier detection technique. The experimental validation is conducted on rapeseed and wheat parcels located in Beauce (France). The proposed methodology consists of four sequential steps: (1) preprocessing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multispectral images acquired using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites, (2) extraction of SAR and multispectral pixel-level features, (3) computation of parcel-level features using zonal statistics and (4) outlier detection. The different types of anomalies that can affect the studied crops are analyzed and described. The different factors that can influence the outlier detection results are investigated with a particular attention devoted to the synergy between Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. Overall, the best performance is obtained when using jointly a selection of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features with the isolation forest algorithm. The selected features are co-polarized (VV) and cross-polarized (VH) backscattering coefficients for Sentinel-1 and five Vegetation Indexes for Sentinel-2 (among us, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and two variants of the Normalized Difference Water). When using these features with an outlier ratio of 10%, the percentage of detected true positives (i.e., crop anomalies) is equal to 94.1% for rapeseed parcels and 95.5% for wheat parcels.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangkang Zha ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Guangzhao Tian ◽  
Zhiqiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractArticular cartilage is susceptible to damage but hard to self-repair due to its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to produce satisfactory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair. However, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is often unstable partly due to their heterogeneity. Understanding the heterogeneity of MSCs and the potential of different types of MSCs for cartilage regeneration will facilitate the selection of superior MSCs for treating cartilage damage. This review provides an overview of the heterogeneity of MSCs at the donor, tissue source and cell immunophenotype levels, including their cytological properties, such as their ability for proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation and immunoregulation, as well as their current applications in cartilage regeneration. This information will improve the precision of MSC-based therapeutic strategies, thus maximizing the efficiency of articular cartilage repair.

Features Extraction and Classification Methods for Automatic Selection of Two Different Types of Paint for Automotive Parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Martínez ◽  
Rafael Guzmán-Cabrera ◽  
Daniel A. May-Arrioja ◽  
Iván Hernández-Romano ◽  
Miguel Torres-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Features Extraction ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Automatic Selection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Selection Of
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