scholarly journals Influence of active and passive smoking at pregnancy on expression of an oxidizing stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
O. A. Chursina ◽  
O. D. Konstantinova ◽  
S. I. Krasikov ◽  
A. A. Petrova ◽  
N. I. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: definition of indicators of system prooksidanty-antioxidants at active and passive smoking during pregnancy. Material and methods. On the basis of city clinic for women 39 pregnant women on the term of a gestation of 37 weeks are examined. Questioning, rapid test for identification of a kotinin in urine, determination of level of a malon dialdehyde (MDA) and also activities superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases is carried out to bloods of surveyed. Patients are divided into 3 groups: I-of 11 smoking pregnant women subject to II-13 to passive smoking at pregnancy, III-control group of 15 women. Results. At patients of I and II groups substantial increase of level MDA in blood serum is noted. Reliable decrease of the activity of SOD of erythrocytes in the I group and insignificant decrease of the activity in II is taped. The indicator of catalase/SOD was statistically higher at active smoking. Conclusion. Active and passive smoking at pregnancy leads to change in prooxidatic and antioxidatic systems.

scholarly journals Effect of aldosterone synthase gene polymorphism 344C>T and risk of hypertensive disorders among Uzbek women

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
У.А. Ашурова ◽  
Д.К. Наджмутдинова ◽  
Х.Я. Каримов ◽  
К. Т. Бобоев
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
High Carrier ◽  
Definition Of

Введение: Гипертензивные нарушения осложняют значительное количество беременностей и тем самым увеличивают показатели материнской и неонатальной смертности и заболеваемости. Изучение генов, которые могут влиять на риск развития данного ослож- нения гестации, способствует более полному пониманию патогенеза и определению терапевтических целей при данном нарушении. Цель: анализ ассоциации полиморфизма -344C>T гена CYP11B2 с риском развития гипертензивных нарушений во время беремен- ности у женщин узбекской национальности.Материалы и методы: в исследование вошла 201 пациентка с гипертензивными нарушениями - основная группа, разделенная на 3 подгруппы: подгруппа А - 41 беременная с хронической артериальной гипертензией (ХАГ), подгруппа Б - 110 беременных с гестационной гипертензией (ГГ), подгруппа В - 50 беременных с преэклампсией (ПЭ). Контрольную группу составили 110 здоро- вых женщин репродуктивного возраста без хронических заболеваний и выраженной акушерской патологии в анамнезе. Все иссле- дуемые женщины были узбекской национальности. Детекция генетического полиморфизма -344C>T гена CYP11B2 проводилась методом ПЦР на приборе «AppliedBiosystems» 2720 (США), с использованием набора реагентов компании ООО «Литех» (Москва). Результаты: У беременных женщин узбекской национальности с гипертензивными нарушениями выявлена высокая частота носи- тельства функционально неблагоприятного аллеля Т и генотипов С/Т и Т/Т полиморфизма -344C>T в гене CYP11B2 по сравнению с контрольной выборкой. Уровень статистической значимости различий в частоте аллеля Т и генотипов С/Т и Т/Т между исследован- ными группами пациентов и контрольной выборкой оказался достаточно высоким. Соответственно, у носителей T аллеля, геноти- пов C/T и Т/Т риск развития гипертензивных нарушений был повышен в 2,8, 1,7 и 7,3 раз при χ2>3,9; р<0,05. При этом, гомозигот- ный генотип C/C оказался протективным в отношении формирования гипертензивных нарушений у женщин. При наличии данного генотипа риск гипертензивных нарушений был снижен более чем в 3 раза (χ2=20,8; р<0,05; OR=0,3; 95%CI 0,20- 0,5). Данные наших исследований побуждают к дальнейшим поискам генетических полиморфизмов для прогнозирования риска развития гипертен- зии у женщин узбекской этнической принадлежности и разработки соответствующих мер профилактики. Introduсtion: Hypertensive disorders complicate a significant number of pregnancies and, thereby, increase the number of maternal and neonatal mortality, as well as the incidence of morbidity. The study of genes that may affect the risk of developing this complication of gestation contributes to a complete understanding of the pathogenesis and the definition of the therapeutic goals of this disorder.IISSSSNN 22007733--77999988 39Objective: analysis of the association of gene CYP11B2 polymorphism -344C> T with the risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy among Uzbek women.Study design: the study included a group of 201 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders, who made up the main group, divided into 3 subgroups: subgroup A - 41 pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension (CAG), subgroup B - 110 pregnant women with gesta- tional hypertension (GH), subgroup B - 50 pregnant women preeclampsia (PE). The control group consisted of 110 healthy women of repro- ductive age without chronic diseases and severe obstetric pathology in history. All women were Uzbek nationality. Determination of poly- morphism -344C> T CYP11B2 gene was performed by PCR on an Applied Biosystems 2720 device (USA), using the set of Liteh LLC (Moscow). Results: According to the results of our studies in pregnant women of Uzbek nationality, with hypertensive disorders, a high carrier fre- quency was found for the functionally unfavorable T allele and the homo / heterozygous C / T and T / T genotypes of the -344C> T CYP11B2 polymorphism compared with the control sample. The level of statistical significance of differences in the frequency of the T allele and the C / T and T / T genotypes between the studied groups of patients and the control sample was quite high. Accordingly, in T-allele carriers, C/ T and T / T genotypes, the risk of developing hypertensive disorders was increased by 2.8, 1.7, and 7.3 times with χ2> 3.9; р <0.05. At the same time, the homozygous C / C genotype proved to be protective against the formation of hypertensive disorders in women. With this genotype, the risk of hypertensive disorders was reduced by more than 3 times (χ2 = 20.8; р <0.05; OR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.20-0.5). Results of our studies encourage for further searches of genetic polymorphisms, to predict the risk of developing hypertension in women of Uzbek eth- nicity and to develop appropriate preventive measures.

Polarographic study of hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and its derivatives with blood serum of pregnant women

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Chavko ◽  
Michal Bartík ◽  
Evžen Kasafírek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Polarographic Study ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Vasopressin Analogues

A polarographic study of the hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and some hormonogens of the vasopressin series with the blood serum of women in the last week of pregnancy was studied. The dependence of hydrolysis on pH (pH optimum: 7.4-7.50, substrate concentration (Km 1.2 . 10-5M), pH stability and thermal stability were determined. The rate of hydrolysis of individual vasopressin analogues decreases in the order: [8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-glycyl-prolyl[8-lysine]-vasopressin > Nα-leucyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-phenyl alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-diglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-prolyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-triglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-sarcosyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin. The degree of hydrolysis gradually increases to a multiple with the length of the pregnancy in consequence of the presence of oxytocine. However, vasopressin is also hydrolysed to a small extent with the enzymes from the blood sera of non-pregnant women. Under similar analytical conditions oxytocin was not hydrolysed with the sera of non-pregnant women and therefore oxytocin is a more suitable substrate than vasopressin for polarographic determination of serum oxytocinase.

scholarly journals Modern view on the problem of optimization of therapy in pregnant women with functional cervical insufficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
V. F. Oleshko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Dosage ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Magnesium Orotate ◽  
Micronized Progesterone

A functional cervical insufficiency plays an important role in the etiology of miscarriage and premature birth. The aim of research was to estimate the hormonal balance indexes during the course of pregnancy in pregnant women with functional cervical insufficiency and to correct the revealed violations in order to prevent obstetric complications. 101 pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of a functional cervical insufficiency in term of gestation 22–32 weeks of pregnancy (the main group) and 34 pregnant women and women in labor with physiological condition of the cervix (the control group) were examined. The content of estradiol, progesterone, cortisol and prolactin was examined in the blood serum. On the second stage of examination 63 pregnant women obtained general basic therapy (I main group) and 38 pregnant women (II main group) received a developed treatment complex which included progesterone support by the micronized progesterone 200–400 mg twice a day up to 34–35 weeks of pregnancy, magnesium support by the magnesium orotate dehydrate in the therapeutic dosage and arginine glutamate in the therapeutic dosage. The correction of cervical insufficiency was performed with the help of a cervical pessary (according to indications). The examination of hormonal balance revealed an accurate decease of progesterone concentration on the background of high concentration of estradiol and increased levels of stress-associated hormones. Propitious influence of the developed therapy is proved by increase of progesterone concentration in the blood serum, normalization in stress-associated hormones balance according to gestational age. All this provideded the decrease of specific weight of threatened preterm labors, placental dysfunction, vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and delay the labors up to 38–39 weeks of gestation in 97,4% of pregnant women (82,5% in the I main group). Prescription of micronized progesterone, magnesium orotate dehydrate, arginine glutamate to pregnant women with a cervical insufficiency is reasonable and effective one comparing with general and traditional therapy.

scholarly journals The importance of serum immunoglobulin free light chain assessment for predicting outcome in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in real clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Skvortsova ◽  
I. B. Kovynev ◽  
K. V. Halzov ◽  
T. I. Pospelova
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Immunochemical Study ◽  
Real Clinical Practice

Background. The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is significantly different depending on the biological characteristics of the tumor substrate, the microenvironment of the bone marrow, as well as factors associated with the patient’s body. Therefore, the search for new reliable and easily identifiable prognostic markers is relevant for the effective management of patients with this disease.The objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of the study of serum free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins κ and λ and their ratio κ / λ FLC in the blood serum of patients with newly diagnosed MM in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. 369 patients with first diagnosed MM (134 men and 235 women) were examined who were hospitalized in the hematology department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 2 Novosibirsk in the period since January 2012 to December 2017. The median age of the patients was 67 (32–82) years. All patients received induction courses of chemotherapy based on bortezomib. The control group consisted of 56 conditionally healthy individuals: 34 women (60.7 %) and 22 (39.3 %) men with a median age of 62 (40–68) years. The concentration of FLC-κ and FLC-λ (mg / L) in blood serum was determined by immunoturbidimetric method on a Hitachi 911 automated biochemical analyzer using the Freelite Human Lambda and Freelite Human Kappa reagent kits (Binding Site, Great Britain).Results. It was found that in patients with MM, the concentration of serum FLC-κ or FLC-λ was statistically significantly higher compared to the control group and varied depending on the type of MM (p <0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity of the quantitative determination of FLC and their ratio for MM was 98.64 %, compared with 94.04 % in a standard immunochemical study. The values of the ratio κ / λ FLC <0.04 or> 65, as well as the concentration of FLC-κ and FLC-λ are higher than the median obtained in the whole group (FLC-κ ≥702 mg / L and FLC-λ ≥493.2 mg / L), correlate with known factors of poor prognosis for MM (with a high concentration of β2‑microglobulin (>3.5 mg / L) (r = 0.461; p <0.001), plasma cell bone marrow infiltration >60 % (r = 0.420; p <0.001), renal failure (creatinine >177 μmol / L) (r = 0.380; p = 0.002), and also with high lactate dehydrogenase activity (>450 U / L) (r = 0.520; p <0.001) and is associated with poor outcomes. The median overall survival in the group of patients with κ / λ FLC <0.04 or >65 was 49 months compared to 76 months in the group with κ / λ FLC 0.04–65 (log-rank p = 0.012).Conclusion. The determination of free FLC in the blood serum of patients with MM can be used to assess the prognosis of their survival. The value of the κ / λ FLC ratio <0.04 or >65 allows us to divide patients with MM into risk groups with significantly different outcomes and can be used to identify patients at high risk who need more aggressive therapy and more detailed monitoring of the response.

scholarly journals Chromogranin A and chromogranin B in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
N. V. Lyubimova ◽  
Yu. S. Timofeev ◽  
A. V. Lebedeva ◽  
N. E. Kushlinsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Chromogranin B ◽  
Tumor Dissemination ◽  
First Time

For the first time in Russia a comparative study of chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the pancreas was performed. We examined 50 primary patients with pancreatic NETs and 42 healthy people. The determination of CgA and CgB was performed in blood serum using standard enzyme-linked immunoassay test-systems (Chromogranin A NEOLISA, Eurodiagnostica; Human Chromogranin B, USCN). The levels of CgA and CgB in pancreatic NETs significantly differed from the control group. There was found the association between CgA levels and the dissemination of the process, while CgB demonstrated the properties of a marker independent from the tumor dissemination. The diagnostic sensitivity of CgA was 76 %, CgB – 68 %. Complex determination of CgA and CgB enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity to 84 %. Our data indicate the potential usefulness of complex CgA and CgB in the diagnosis of pancreatic NETs.

Learning of the biotope of maternity pathways of pregnant women with olygohydramnios

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
I. Basiuha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Urogenital Infections

The article focuses on clinical-statistical analyses of microbiocenosis of maternity pathways of women with oligohydramnios, which will enable the usage of etiotropic mediator aimed at reducing of the frequency of fetus and newborn’s infecting. The objective: to learn the biotope of vaginal environment in the process of pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios. Materials and methods. There were observed 120 pregnant women with oligohydramnios at gestation term of 27–29 weeks (the main group). 30 women with physiological pregnancy process constituted the control group. Oligohydramnios was diagnosed on the basis of complex examination of pregnant women at the term of 27–29 weeks with the help of standard determination of amniotic fluid index. All the women underwent bacterioscopic and bacteriological examination and detection of antigens to: chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, virus of genital herpes, cytomegalic virus. Results. In the main group of women there was diagnosed ureaplasmosis, Gardnerella vaginalis, chlamydiosis, trichomoniasis, Candida albicans, more than half of women had increased concentration of pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus epidermidis, aureus, saprophyticus, enteric bacteria, enterococcus faecalis), genital herpes, cytomegalovirus. Most of the representatives of the main group had bacterial infection of genital tract (69.17%), and complex bacterial-viruses infection (30.83%). Conclusion. Results of the research show that pregnant women with urogenital infections, inflammations of pelvic organs complicated by obstetrical – gynecological anamnesis should be referred to the group of high risk in reference to the development of oligohydramnios. Key words: pregnancy, microbiocenosis of vulva, oligohydramnios, infections.

Influence of Arterial Hypertension on the Pregnancy in Women with RH-Negative Blood

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Тамазаева ◽  
Kh. Tamazaeva ◽  
Омаров ◽  
N.S. Omarov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Threatened Premature Birth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
D Antigen ◽  
Work Up

The purpose of the study was to assess the role of arterial hypertension (AH) in the development of immunization in women with Rh-negative blood to optimize perinatal outcomes. Subject and methods. A prospective comparatively study was conducted in 3 groups of pregnant women with Rh-negative blood. The 1-st group (n=148) was with hypertensive disease (HD), the 2-nd group (n=144) - with gestational arterial hypertension (GAH); the 3-rd group (n=110) - without somatic pathology. The immune-hematological studies included a definition of the partial D antigen using gel method. Results. It was definited that the pregnancy of these patients accompanied by the high frequency of early gestational toxicosis, threatened premature birth, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency as well as expressed changes immu-nological properties of blood, which are pathogenetic basis of fetal and neonatal rhesus hemolytic disease. Antibodies (AB) in the blood serum of patients with hypertension were detected in the first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks) in 1.2-1.4 times more often than in healthy women, high titer of AB rate in patients with HD was significantly higher compared to other groups. Disadvantageous combination of immunoglobulins subclasses Gl and G3 was found in the group of pregnant women with HD (11.4%) and GAH (10,8%), significantly less frequently (6,45%) in the control group. Conclusion. To improve maternal, fetal and neonatal gestation outcomes the authors justified the necessity of prenatal work-up and delivery of these women.

scholarly journals Determination of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations in Serum Extracellular Vesicles Using Commercial Kits

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e00148
Author(s):  
A.A. Yakovlev ◽  
V.D. Antonov ◽  
T.A. Druzhkova ◽  
A.B. Guekht ◽  
N.V. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Average Size

Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are vesicles with an average size of about 100-150 nm. Currently, the role of sEV in various aspects of signaling in the body is being actively investigated; in addition, sEV can often serve as markers of various pathologies. The active study of the sEV composition is continuing. In this study we have demonstrated that in sEV it is possible to determine cholesterol and triglycerides concentration by using commercial kits designed for serum. The technique was tested on sEV from the blood of patients diagnosed with depression and on healthy volunteers. No differences were found in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in mEV from the blood serum of depressed patients and the control group. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the samples is several times higher than the sensitivity threshold of the methods set by the manufacturer of the kits.

scholarly journals Endogenous Lactoferrin in the Assessment of Ferrokinetics in Children with Iron Deficiency States

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
N. N. Klimkovich ◽  
G. P. Zubritskaya ◽  
E. I. Venskaya ◽  
A. G. Kutko ◽  
A. S. Skorobogatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Latent Iron Deficiency

Objective: to study the concentration of endogenous lactoferrin in children with iron deficiency states before and during the treatment. Material and methods . The clinical and laboratory data of 31 patients with iron deficiency states (24 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 7 with latent iron deficiency) aged 0-17 (the median age was 9.7) and 7 healthy children (the median age was 12.4) who made up the control group have been analyzed. Hemogram and biochemical blood test were done according to the standard method. The concentration of endogenous LF in the blood serum was determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay using commercial test systems for the quantitative determination of human LF in the biological fluids (Elabscience) on the universal VICTOR2TM analyzer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Results . The study of ferrokinetics and LF concentration in the blood serum of the children with iron deficiency states has been performed. It has been shown that the children with iron deficiency reveal an increased LF level in the blood serum, which has variable values depending on age. The highest levels of the serum LF content are characteristic of patients under the age of three months, which is associated with the physiological mechanisms of the adaptation process of the hematopoietic system in newborns and infants. The LF concentration in the blood serum associated with ferrotherapy is increased compared to the corresponding indices before the treatment. Conclusion . From the results of the study its follows that the content of LF in the blood serum increases in iron deficiency and is associated with ferrotherapy. The obtained results will be used in further research aimed at the diagnosis of iron deficiency and prediction of the response to iron therapy.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF HORMONAL FUNCTION IMPAIREMENT OF THE PLACENTA ON THE STATE OF FETUS AND NEWBORN IN WOMEN WITH NODULAR GOITER

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Kosilova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
The State ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
Group I

The thyroid gland pathology is one of the most common in the world and is on the samelevel with diabetes mellitus and diseases of the cardiovascular system in its importance.Extragenital pathology, in particular, nodular goiter in pregnant women acts as anadditional stress factor that can negatively affect hormonal relationships in the motherplacenta-fetus system and contribute to an increase in the frequency of complications ofpregnancy, childbirth, and impairment of the fetus and newborn condition.The aim of this work – to study the disturbance effect in the hormonal function of theplacenta on the condition of the fetus and newborn from women with nodular goiter.Material and methods. The analysis of the state of the fetus and newborn of 20 apparentlyhealthy women (control group) and 54 women with nodular goiter (main group). Of these,30 newborns from women with grade I nodular goiter were included into group I, and24 newborns from women with grade II nodular goiter were included into group II. Theintrauterine fetus state was judged about according to the data of cardiotocography, fetalbiophysical profile (FBP), ultrasound examination, and Doppler results. The functionalstate of the fetoplacental complex was assessed by determining the serum concentrationof estradiol (Е2), estriol Е3), progesterone, placental lactogen, as well as the results ofhistological examination of the placentas.Results. The study of the placenta hormonal function, the results of ultrasound diagnosticsand histological examination of the placentas indicate the presence of placentaldysfunction in pregnant women with nodular goiter, that affected the condition of thefetus and newborn. Thus, the cardiotocographic index in fetuses from pregnant women,suffering from nodular goiter, is significantly less than in healthy pregnant women(p<0.05). The average PPI score in women with nodular goiter is also significantly lowerthan in the control group (p<0.05). Doppler data indicate a change in the parameters of the maternal hemodynamics, that led to a violation of the uteroplacental blood flow, thedevelopment of fetal hypoxia.Conclusions. The presence of nodular goiter in the mother is a risk factor for placentaldysfunction. Starting from the second trimester of pregnancy, there are significant changesin the content of placental hormones in the blood. A decrease in the concentration ofprogesterone in the blood serum in pregnant women with nodular goiter, in the latestages of pregnancy, can serve as a marker of the threat of termination of pregnancyand premature birth. A decrease in the content of estradiol and placental lactogen inthe maternal blood serum can be used as a marker of fetal distress in pregnant womenwith nodular goiter. The condition of the fetus and newborn is in direct proportion to thedegree of manifestation of the nodular goiter and the functional state of the placenta.

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