scholarly journals Urinary cylinders: what pediatrician and nephrologist need to know

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
I. M. Osmanov ◽  
E. B. Machneva ◽  
E. B. Mumladze ◽  
O. V. Brazhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Urinary Sediment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Sediment Test

Clinical urine test with the correct interpretation can help the clinician in the diagnosis of the urinary system diseases, as well as other organs and systems. Most laboratories in medical institutions are currently switching to an automated urinary sediment test, but microscopy appears relevant. Unfortunately, clinicians often interpret only three or four (most often proteinuria, leukocyturia and erythrocyturia) of all the numerous indicators of urine test, unfairly ignoring the others. The urinary cylinders are one of these important elements of the urinary sediment. The article presents the characteristics of the main types of urinary cylinders, their origin, composition, morphology and clinical significance.

scholarly journals Changes in the urinary system in children with enterovirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Kokoreva ◽  
Natalya V. Kazartseva
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Urinary Sediment ◽  
Transient Nature

A significant increase in the incidence of enterovirus infections (EVI) with the development of multiple organ damage does not exclude the involvement of the urinary system organs in the pathological process. Materials and methods. 151 EVI children (103 cases with enterovirus meningitis (EVM), 48 children with other forms of EVI without damage of central nervous system) aged from 1 to 18 years. The frequency and nature of changes in urinary sediment and kidney function in patients with various EVI forms were studied. A highly sensitive marker of acute kidney injury - KIM-1 was used as a marker along with standard methods (determination of blood creatinine level with calculation of glomerular filtration rate) in 25 EVM patients. Results. Pathological changes in urinary sediment in EVI are registered in 37.75% of cases (27.1-42.72%, depending on the clinical form), more often in preschool children, are represented by unexpressed proteinuria and abacterial leukocyturia, and are of a short-term transient nature. 40% of EVM children patients showed an increase in the KIM-1 level above the standard values. Conclusion. The detection of KIM-1 in the urine of EVM children patients indicates the possible development of acute transient tubulointerstitial renal damage. At risk there are children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis greater than 200×106/L, abacterial leukocyturia, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Urine Test for Molecular Classification of Clinical Significance in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Guo ◽  
Xuhui Zhang ◽  
Taolin Xia ◽  
Heather Johnson ◽  
Xiaoyan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Insignificant Cancer ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective: To avoid over-treatment of low-risk prostate cancer patients, it is important to identify clinically significant and insignificant cancer for treatment decision-making. However, no accurate test is currently available.Methods: To address this unmet medical need, we developed a novel gene classifier to distinguish clinically significant and insignificant cancer, which were classified based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk stratification guidelines. A non-invasive urine test was developed using quantitative mRNA expression data of 24 genes in the classifier with an algorithm to stratify the clinical significance of the cancer. Two independent, multicenter, retrospective and prospective studies were conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of the 24-Gene Classifier and the current clinicopathological measures by univariate and multivariate logistic regression and discriminant analysis. In addition, assessments were performed in various Gleason grades/ISUP Grade Groups.Results: The results showed high diagnostic accuracy of the 24-Gene Classifier with an AUC of 0.917 (95% CI 0.892–0.942) in the retrospective cohort (n = 520), AUC of 0.959 (95% CI 0.935–0.983) in the prospective cohort (n = 207), and AUC of 0.930 (95% 0.912-CI 0.947) in the combination cohort (n = 727). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the 24-Gene Classifier was more accurate than cancer stage, Gleason score, and PSA, especially in the low/intermediate-grade/ISUP Grade Group 1–3 cancer subgroups.Conclusions: The 24-Gene Classifier urine test is an accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy method for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer in newly diagnosed cancer patients. It has the potential to improve prostate cancer treatment decisions and active surveillance.

scholarly journals Extraspinal findings prevalence and clinical significance in 4250 lumbar spine MRI exams

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruba A. Khasawneh ◽  
Ziyad Mohaidat ◽  
Firas A. Khasawneh ◽  
Ahmad Farah ◽  
Maha Gharaibeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Patient’S Outcome ◽  
Spine Mri

AbstractTo assess extraspinal findings (ESFs) prevalence in lumbar spine MRI, including clinically significant findings using a systematic approach, and to determine their reporting rate. Lumbar spine MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed over 18 months by two radiologists. Reading discrepancies were resolved by consensus. ESFs were classified according to the involved system, clinical diagnosis, and clinical significance. The reporting rate was estimated by referring to the original report. There were 1509 ESFs in 1322/4250 patients with a substantial agreement between the two radiologists (kappa = 0.8). Almost half (621/1322) were in the 45–60 age group. Females represented 56.6% (748/1322). 74.2% (1120/1509) of the ESFs involved the urinary system among which 79.6% (892/1120) were renal cysts. Clinically significant findings represented 8.7% (131/1509) among which hydronephrosis represented 23% (30/131). First time detected malignant lesions represented 4.6% (6/131). ESFs reporting rate was 47.3%. 58.8% of the clinically significant ESFs were not reported. ESFs prevalence was 31.1%. The Urinary system was the most commonly involved. Most ESFs were benign warranting no further workup. However, clinically significant ESF were not infrequently detected. More than half of the clinically significant findings were not reported. A systematic review of MRI images is highly recommended to improve patient’s outcome.

Neuroendocrine tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs: clinical significance

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1464-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Mazzucchelli ◽  
Doriana Morichetti ◽  
Antonio Lopez-Beltran ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Marina Scarpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Male Genital

scholarly journals THE RESULTS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL PROTOCOLS NEPHROLOGYMEDICAL CARE TO CHILDREN IN CHERNIVTSI REGION

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
V.V. Bezruk ◽  
T.P. Andriychuk ◽  
O.I. Pervozvanska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Clinical Trails ◽  
First Time

First identify the incidence of kidney disease and urinary tract, and, accordingly, the disability are important indicators of the health status of the child population in Ukraine. The objective. Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of local protocols Nephrology medical care to children in Chernivtsi region. Materials and methods. The material for this study is reporting documentation about the condition of the nephrological service care for children’s population of the Chernivtsi region in 2013 - 2014 and the data of The Center of medical statistics of Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results and discussion. Analyzes the main indicators of child nephrology service in Chernivtsi region. The introduction of local protocols and clinical trials of patients with nephrological diseases in medical institutions of Chernivtsi region had a positive impact on reducing prevalence and first identified in the incidence of diseases of the urinary system in children’s Chernivtsi region for 2014, which for the first time in recent years do not exceed national statistics.   Conclusion. The introduction of local protocols and clinical trails pediatric patients Nephrology pathology in medical institutions ofChernivtsi region have improved the quality of care at all stages, respecting the standards for the provision of specialized medical care.

scholarly journals Incidence of Drug-drug Interactions in Prescriptions of General Practitioners and Specialists in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Kazi Al Mamun ◽  
. Soleyman ◽  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Tahmida Sharmin ◽  
Kushal Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Different Levels

Aim: Drug-drug interactions (DDI) can cause unexpected side effects, changes in drug efficacy, metabolism or overall action of any particular drug and DDI is one of the major prescription errors. DDI can be caused by using concomitant administration of a second drug. This study aims to find DDI in prescriptions of 10 different medical specializations of Bangladesh.  Study Design and Methodology: This study is based on the evaluation of prescription, type, and clinical significance of drug-drug interaction. For this study, 21088 prescriptions were evaluated from 45 different medical institutions and 10 different specializations including general practitioners, cardiologists, medicine specialists, general surgeons, gynecologists, ENT specialists, neurologists, urologists, pediatricians, and ophthalmologists. After the collection of prescriptions, all prescribed medications were checked by using several sources to point out the probable interactions. Results: Among all the prescriptions most DDI was found from cardiologists (6.17%) and the least DDI was found from pediatricians (3.29%). Clopidogrel and warfarin were the most common medications causing drug interaction while drug interaction with cardiovascular drugs and antibiotics generic were most common among all. Polypharmacy, absence or shortage of pharmacists, workload, miscommunications and lack of knowledge were found as the leading causes of DDI. Conclusion: Active participation of the pharmacist in crosschecking the prescribed medication, proper communication of the physician and patients, relevant workshops regarding DDI and distribution of the workload of the physicians in different levels can play a role in minimizing DDI.

scholarly journals Paraclinical Investigations in the Pathology of the Urinary System in Dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Sabina GHERGARIU ◽  
Mariana TĂTARU ◽  
Michail DIAKOSAVVAS ◽  
Loredana Elena OLAR ◽  
Sorin Marian MÂRZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Urinary Sediment ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Functional Complexity ◽  
Spectrofluorimetric Analysis

In the pathology of the urinary system, given its structural and functional complexity, the clinician must correlate the data obtained from the clinical and paraclinical examination. The aim of the study was to identify and apply the most relevant paraclinical methods for establishing the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and to develop a reliable and easy to use working protocol. The biological material consisted of 25 dogs of different ages and sexes. The conventional and contrast-enhanced radiological examination together with the ecography, spectrofluorimetric analysis, urinary sediment examination, renal biopsy, cytological examination completed the disease information in order to establish a certitude diagnosis. In the management of patients with urinary disorders, the working protocol should include not only the animal anamnesis and a complete clinical examination but also a paraclinical examination which should be used depending on the patient’s clinical manifestations.

Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scanning Electron

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.

Computers and diffraction analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
J. A. Eades
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Electron Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Image Simulations

For well over two decades computers have played an important role in electron microscopy; they now pervade the whole field - as indeed they do in so many other aspects of our lives. The initial use of computers was mainly for large (as it seemed then) off-line calculations for image simulations; for example, of dislocation images.Image simulation has continued to be one of the most notable uses of computers particularly since it is essential to the correct interpretation of high resolution images. In microanalysis, too, the computer has had a rather high profile. In this case because it has been a necessary part of the equipment delivered by manufacturers. By contrast the use of computers for electron diffraction analysis has been slow to prominence. This is not to say that there has been no activity, quite the contrary; however it has not had such a great impact on the field.

Systems of Oppression in Geriatric Clinical Service Delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Diane L. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Clinical Service ◽  
Meaningful Change ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Medical Institutions

Purpose The purpose of this article was to extend the concepts of systems of oppression in higher education to the clinical setting where communication and swallowing services are delivered to geriatric persons, and to begin a conversation as to how clinicians can disrupt oppression in their workplace. Conclusions As clinical service providers to geriatric persons, it is imperative to understand systems of oppression to affect meaningful change. As trained speech-language pathologists and audiologists, we hold power and privilege in the medical institutions in which we work and are therefore obligated to do the hard work. Suggestions offered in this article are only the start of this important work.

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