scholarly journals Chronic rhinitis in children is not a local problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Tsarev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
Systemic Pathology

Allergic rhinitis is the most common pathology among all allergic diseases. The article presents the epidemiologic and pathogenetic issues of the allergic rhinitis. The underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis and its underestimation as a systemic pathology were observed in various countries. The importance of allergic rhinitis in paediatric practice, its impact on the quality of life, studies, and cognitive abilities is considered. The extranasal manifestations of the disease, as well as the role of allergic rhinitis in the development of increased respiratory viral morbidity are assessed. The differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic non-infectious rhinopathy) are analysed. Frequent interdependence and interaction of the allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are stressed. The signs of nonspecific hyperreactivity of the upper respiratory tract affected by the allergic rhinitis are presented. The role and importance of decongestants in the treatment of both allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are discussed in detail. Vasoconstrictors would help reduce hyperemia and nasal mucosa oedema, reduce the level of mucus secretion, improve the drainage of paranasal sinuses, normalizing the pressure in them. The use of a combination drug – a sympathomimetic combined with a local antihistamine agent would be the most appropriate treatment for patients with AR. The use of intranasal combination therapy for allergic rhinitis is justified: a sympathomimetic phenylephrine combined with a blocker of H1-histamine receptors dimethindene. The insights into the safety and efficacy of above drug combination in paediatric practice are presented. The use of a combination intranasal drug based on phenylephrine and dimethindene in patients with allergic rhinitis is justified in paediatric practice as both symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment. It is also advisable to administer it to treat acute respiratory viral diseases, in the post-viral period with situational exacerbations of the vasomotor component.

scholarly journals The current state of the problem with the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
T.O. Kruchko ◽  
O.Ya. Tkachenko ◽  
V.V. Sherbak ◽  
I.O. Kolenko ◽  
L.M. Bubyr
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pediatric Practice

Among all allergic diseases in pediatric practice, allergic rhinitis is one of the most common pathologies of the upper respiratory tract. This review deals with the problem of modern principles for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children based on the analysis of literature sources using electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane Library. Allergic rhinitis is an important medical and social problem of our time the importance of which has increased significantly in recent years. The growing number of people sensitized to pollen, the variety of symptoms and the negative impact on the quality of life of patients make pollen allergy one of the major problems in pediatrics. Despite the development of international national protocols and clinical guidelines, in many countries the control of allergic rhinitis in children remains insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of patients, pay attention to both nasal and extranasal symptoms, consider all pathognomonic diagnostic aspects, because the underdiagnosis of this allergic disease leads to inadequate therapy, complications, more severe atopy and reduced quality of children’s life in general. Recently, there is growing evidence of the need for personalized selection of the most effective therapy for allergic rhinitis in children. In-depth study of the pathogenetic role of circadian molecular clock in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis using informative molecular genetic methods may allow characterizing in detail the mechanism of regulation of allergic inflammation of the upper airway mucosa and evaluating the role of circadian genes in the development of allergic diseases, in particular allergic rhinitis. In the future, these studies may become an alternative to improve control over the course of allergy and the organization of a comprehensive monitoring system, development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of allergic rhinitis in children.

scholarly journals BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS THERAPY IN PAEDIATRIC PRACTICE

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. BELOV
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histamine Receptors ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Paediatric Practice

The article introduces the main mechanisms for developing an allergic reaction, and describes the main clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis. The basic principles of therapy are covered. Special attention is paid to the use of the Vibrocil combination drug, which contains dimethindene blocking H1-histamine receptors and phenylephrine

scholarly journals Role of innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asghar Pasha ◽  
Gargi Patel ◽  
Russell Hopp ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Background: Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest and research into understanding the type 2 immune responses by the epithelium-derived cytokines interleukin (IL) 33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a unique family of effector immune cells that functionally resemble T cells but lack clonal distributed antigen receptors. Group 2 ILCs, ILC2s, are known for their capability to secrete proallergic cytokines, including IL-5 and IL-13. ILC2s are enriched at mucosal barriers in lung, gut, and skin, and their activation has been associated with a variety of allergic disorders. Objective: To study the role of ILC2 in different allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for articles that reported on ILC2 in allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Results: A review of the literature revealed an important role of ILC2 in various allergic disorders. Conclusion: Identification of ILC2s in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis indicates that these cells may represent a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discussed the current understanding of ILC2 biology and its function and regulation in various allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Antihistamine therapy in pediatric practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Tsarev
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Role And Function

The article considers the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and other pathological conditions. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of skin itching are considered separately. The article also shows the role and function of H1-histamine receptor blockers in the treatment of allergic diseases and pseudo allergic reactions. The mechanism of action, indications, contraindications and side effects of the antihistamine therapy are presented. The article also discusses the difference in first and second-generation antihistamines and shows the possible advantages of the first-generation drugs in paediatric practice. The article presents data on the use of dimethindene maleate (Fenistil) in children’s practice, including the use for the relief of skin itching of various genesis.

scholarly journals Clinical and Experimental Study on Thermoregulatory System and its Relation with Vasomotor Rhinitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Somnath Saha ◽  
Nirmalya Kumar Majumder ◽  
D P Thombre
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesion ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Thermoregulatory System

Introduction Much of the perennial cold are of vasomotor origin still a less appreciated phenomenon even among the medical personnel, much of which is dubbed in a cursorily in the clinical analogue of a west paper wrap as ‘allergic rhinitis’.  This study was attempted to find out the role of thermoregulatory system with causation of vasomotor rhinitis and assessing role of hypothalamus in causation of vasomotor rhinitis. Materials and Methods In this study conducted during the period of July 1987 to August 1988, 20 normal adult individuals were taken as control and thermoregulatory study was done on them. The results were compared with cases of vasomotor rhinitis/non-allergic rhinopathy cases. In experimental study thermoregulatory study was done on albino rats before and after stereotaxis of anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei and the result were compared before stereotaxis and post stereotaxis. Results Among human study in clinical subjects, patient suffering from vasomotor rhinitis showed a definite shift towards thermoregulatory imbalance both for generalized body caloric fluctuation and particularly on the nasal mucosa. Post-vidian neurectomy results for thermoregulation test was highly significant. In animal study post-hypothalamic stereotaxis temperature measurement showed minimal depression. Dorsal anterior hypothalamic lesion ablation showed significant derangement in the thermoregulatory tolerance profile of the rats’ belly temperature. Posterior hypothalamic lesion showed that there may be some amount of derangements in the thermoregulatory tolerance, which however is not statistically conclusive. Thermoregulatory control is done at hypothalamus, particularly at anterior hypothalamic nuclei level and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in the brain. Thermoregulatory study proves a close correlation between non allergic rhinitis with imbalance in central thermal regulation by hypothalamus. Conclusion Thermoregulatory study in control and clinical subjects proves a close correlation between vasomotor rhinitis and sympathetic, parasympathetic system.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukin-37 in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases

Acta Naturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
I. P. Shilovskiy ◽  
M. E. Dyneva ◽  
O. M. Kurbacheva ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
M. R. Khaitov
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range

Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family play an important role in the realization of the protective functions of innate immunity and are the key mediators involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various manifestations of allergy. The IL-1 family includes more than 11 members. However, the functions of many of them remain to be elucidated. Recently, new members of the IL-1 family have been discovered. In 2000, several independent research groups reported the discovery of a new interleukin of this family, which was named IL-37, or IL-1F7 (according to the new nomenclature). IL-37 was assigned to the IL-1 family based on its structural similarity with other members of this family. The study of its biological properties showed that its activity changes in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, as well as allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis). However, unlike most members of the IL-1 family, IL-37 acts as a negative regulator of inflammation. Activation of IL-37 suppresses inflammation, resulting in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn prevents infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils and neutrophils. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-37 in the development of allergic diseases (AD) have not been fully studied. This review summarizes and analyzes the accumulated experimental data on the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis of AD, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals The Role of Allergens in Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suna Asilsoy ◽  
Serdar Al
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Inhalant Allergens ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Often it begins in early childhood. It is located at the first step of the process we refer to as atopic march. This feature is a precursor of the development of other allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Especially in patients with atopy of food and inhalant allergens, the occurrence of other atopic diseases is more common. Although the role of these sensitivities in AD is controversial, it has been determined that some patients may trigger eczematous skin lesions. In this report, the role of allergens in atopic dermatitis are reviewed in the light of current literature.

scholarly journals The role of human β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) in the local protection of the upper respiratory tract in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Yu.K. Bolbot ◽  
T.A. Bordiі ◽  
Ya.V. Vilenskyi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Allergic diseases of the respiratory system seriously affect the psychological, physical and social aspects of the live of sick children, morally and financially exhausting members of their families as well. It is known that exacerbations of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract occur due to interaction with numerous triggers, one of which is a respiratory viral infection. At the same time, it is widely known that patients with allergic respiratory diseases are more prone to to acute respiratory infections. One of the reasons for this tendency often is an insufficient activity of non-specific factors of local immunity of the respiratory system – endogenous amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides, in particular the most studied their representatives - the family of defensins and human cathelicidin. Current research proves that these antimicrobial peptides are characterized by broad antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to study the concentrations of local immune factors - human HbD-2 and LL-37 - in the secretion of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis and to clarify their role in protection against respiratory viral infections in this contingent of patients. We performed laboratory and clinical examinations of 76 children aged 7 to 18 years, of whom 24 were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 28 children - bronchial asthma, and 24 - bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children of the appropriate sex and age. In addition to general clinical methods, patterns of respiratory morbidity were analyzed and concentrations of antimicrobial peptides were determined: by ELISA human cathelicidin (LL-37), β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract, statistical analysis was performed. It was found that children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by a higher frequency of acute respiratory infections with more frequent involvement of the lower respiratory tract, which led to an increase in the duration of the disease compared to their healthy peers. In children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, there was revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract compared with the control group.

Arguments in favor of the use of modern blockers of H1-histamine receptors for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis occurring against the background of acute respiratory viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
◽  
N. A. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yu. O. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a significant prevalence among the adult population. Patients with allergic diseases have a higher sensitivity to pathogens of acute respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract (ARVI). Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in such patients is characterized by more pronounced symptoms and greater resistance to therapy. An observational study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Moscow State Medical University named after A. I. Evdokimov, during which the effect of modern antihistamines on the severity of nasal and non-nasal symptoms of inflammation was evaluated in patients who were diagnosed with the development of acute respiratory viral infections against the background of seasonal exacerbation of allergic rhinitis. The data of 50 patients divided into two groups were analyzed. In the first group (n = 25), benzhydrylpiperazinylbutylmethylxanthine succinate (Theoritin) was included in the therapy regimen, in the second – cetirizine preparations (n = 5). During the follow-up, each patient underwent a clinical assessment of the severity of nasal and non-nasal symptoms three times (1st, 7th and 14th days of follow-up), and the severity of nasal obstruction was assessed using anterior active rhinomanometry. According to the data obtained, there was a pronounced positive dynamics in both groups, while the clinical efficacy was confirmed by instrumental evaluation data. However, by the 7th day of treatment, the positive dynamics was more pronounced in the group of patients receiving theoritin as part of therapy. The use of modern antihistamines in patients comorbid for allergic rhinitis and acute respiratory diseases has a significant therapeutic effect. Theoritin provides more pronounced therapeutic effects in the early stages, which makes its further study and use of the drug for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections against the background of allergic rhinitis promising.

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