scholarly journals The role of the microbiome and transcriptome in the development and progression of CIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
A. V. Peremykina ◽  
A. O. Andreyev ◽  
G. B. Bayramova ◽  
T. V. Priputnevich ◽  
N. V. Mikhanoshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Cancer Transcriptome ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

The article presents a systematic review of the results of modern clinical studies devoted to the problem of the microbiome and transcriptome in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Moderate to severe CIN (CIN II – III) can precede the development of cervical cancer (CC) by several years or even decades. Cervical cancer (CC) is an important global health problem. There is a year-on-year increase in the prevalence of CC. Currently, there are many known risk factors that contribute to the development of CIN and cervical cancer. However, the vaginal and cervical microbiome play an important role in the development and progression of CIN and CC, according to some authors. Thus, the timely detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesion-associated genital infections is now especially important. From these point of view, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is considered an acute problem in gynecological practice, which affects the incidence of precancerous conditions of the cervix. The results of the studies have shown the importance of detailed analysis of the vaginal microbial community, which was performed by the method of next generation sequencing (NGS). These studies were conducted using the NGS method based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, which has a high diagnostic accuracy and allows to determine the verity of the microbial landscape. The study of the transcriptome in women with CIN showed a change in many microRNA molecules, which can become markers of the CIN and cervical cancer upon further study. The introduction of the NGS method into the laboratory diagnostics complex will improve the diagnosis and timely prevent the progression of CIN to cervical cancer.The study of the microbiome of the vaginal biotope and cervical canal will allow to identify the groups of patients at high risk for the progression of precancerous lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer. Transcriptome studies have shown changes in many microRNA molecules (SALL4, FOXO1, HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, LL37, psoriasin and IL-8, etc.) in women with CIN and cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy for Low-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN1): A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyin Zhang ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Huizhen Fan
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation

As a drug-mechanical combination technology, photodynamic (PDT) can achieve accurate and targeted therapy for malignant tumors and benign diseases through the production of reactive oxygen species, oxygen free radicals or singlet oxygen by photosensitizers at specific wavelengths. Compared with traditional surgery, it has the advantages of selective killing, repeatable treatment, preserving target organ function and so on. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical value of photodynamic therapy in cervical precancerous lesions by taking the patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) persistent infection diagnosed by "three-step diagnosis and treatment procedure" as an example. Using HiPorfin as a photosensitizer, photodynamic therapy was performed 48 hours after intravenous drip. Set laser wavelength 630nm, light dose density 137.58J/cm2, transmission efficiency 1.42, output power 2w. 3cm columnar optical fiber was placed around the 2cm in the cervical canal to cover all the lesions, and the irradiation time was 900s (600s in the cervical canal and 300s outside the cervical canal). The patients were given oxygen inhalation for 6 hours after operation, and the patients were observed for itching and other discomfort, and paid attention to avoid light. Photodynamic therapy was performed again in the same way on the second day. After two months of treatment, pathological biopsy showed chronic cervicitis, indicating that the disease had been effectively controlled. Theoretically, although the patient is not the absolute indication of photodynamic therapy (that is, meeting CIN ? or CIN ?, having fertility requirements and not undergoing surgery), this therapy can remove not only the superficial lesions inside and outside the cervix, but also the potential lesions not found under colposcopy. It can also block the persistent infection of HPV by inhibiting the expression of HPV18, E6 and E7mRNA in Hela cells. In combination with Baofukang suppository, it can block HPV infection. Increase the negative conversion rate of cervical HPV and reduce the probability of recurrence after CIN1 cure. For young female patients with persistent HR-HPV infection and fertility requirements, photodynamic therapy is an effective choice for clinical treatment of CIN1.

scholarly journals A Metagenomic-Based Approach for the Characterization of Bacterial Diversity Associated with Spontaneous Malolactic Fermentations in Wine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Berbegal ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Mariagiovanna Fragasso ◽  
Maria Tufariello ◽  
Pasquale Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
First Time

This study reports the first application of a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The analysis was designed to monitor the effect of the management of microbial resources associated with alcoholic fermentation on spontaneous malolactic consortium. Together with the analysis of 16S rRNA genes from the metagenome, we monitored the principal parameters linked to MLF (e.g., malic and lactic acid concentration, pH). We encompass seven dissimilar concrete practices to manage microorganisms associated with alcoholic fermentation: Un-inoculated must (UM), pied-de-cuve (PdC), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), S. cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated, as well as S. cerevisiae and Metschnikowia pulcherrima co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated. Surprisingly, each experimental modes led to different taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities of the malolactic consortia, in terms of prokaryotic phyla and genera. Our findings indicated that, uncontrolled AF (UM, PdC) led to heterogeneous consortia associated with MLF (with a relevant presence of the genera Acetobacter and Gluconobacter), when compared with controlled AF (SC) (showing a clear dominance of the genus Oenococcus). Effectively, the SC trial malic acid was completely degraded in about two weeks after the end of AF, while, on the contrary, malic acid decarboxylation remained uncomplete after 7 weeks in the case of UM and PdC. In addition, for the first time, we demonstrated that both (i) the inoculation of different non-Saccharomyces (T. delbrueckii and M. pulcherrima) and, (ii) the inoculation time of the non-Saccharomyces with respect to S. cerevisiae resources (co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated) influence the composition of the connected MLF consortia, modulating MLF performance. Finally, we demonstrated the first findings of delayed and inhibited MLF when M. pulcherrima, and T. delbrueckii were inoculated, respectively. In addition, as a further control test, we also assessed the effect of the inoculation with Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum at the end of alcoholic fermentation, as MLF starter cultures. Our study suggests the potential interest in the application of NGS analysis, to monitor the effect of alcoholic fermentation on the spontaneous malolactic consortium, in relation to wine.

scholarly journals Prevention of cervical cancer: early detection of precancerous lesions of cervix in women from a marginalized environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5156
Author(s):  
D. M. Christe ◽  
Anjalakshi Chandrasekar ◽  
K. Jayashree ◽  
P. Meenalochani ◽  
Shaanthy T. K. Gunasingh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Screening Tests

Background: The objective of the present study was to find out the efficacy of low-cost methods, available for screening for cervical cancer and early detection of precancerous lesions, of cervix.Methods: The study with power above 80%, was conducted over a period of almost three years. Women aged below fifty years were included in the study. A total of 100 women were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 244 women with chronic cervicitis by histopathological examination reports. Ten women were HIV positive.   Results: Low cost screening tests of visual inspection of cervix after application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection of cervix after application of Lugol’s iodine (VILI) were positive in 75% of women with CIN and in combination with colposcopy, positive in 93%. The diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy was highest at 86%. (Odds ratio-.48.79).Conclusions: Initial screening for younger women with fewer years of exposure, the low cost tests, VIA / VILI  could be used under low magnification. Colposcopy should be done for all women with positive tests. The costlier human papilloma virus (HPV) tests should be done at cost effective purpose for high risk groups and when indicated, for early detection of precancerous lesions of cervix and prevention of cervical cancer.

Trends in the Prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 in the District of Florence, Italy

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cecchini ◽  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Marco Zappa ◽  
Annibale Biggeri
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽  
Detection Rates

Aims and background The objective of this study was to investigate the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN 3) in previously unscreened women, in order to reveal trends over time in the prevalence of CIN 3 in the District of Florence, where a population-based screening for cervical cancer has been going on since 1973. Study design We considered the women, recorded in the computerized archives of CSPO, who had had no pap test for at least 10 years. Trends of CIN 3 (histologically proven) were analyzed within age groups; the effect of age, cohort and period were considered by means of a Poisson regression model. Results A total of 648 cases of histologically proven CIN 3 were detected in the study period. The detection rates of CIN 3 increased steadly within age groups over birth cohort and calendar period simultaneously. The Poisson regression analysis showed that only the model with age + time trend was statistically significant. Conclusions Although several biases should be taken into account, the analysis seemed to indicate a real increase in CIN 3 prevalence. An increase in frequency of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer in more recent birth cohorts supports the need to keep screening coverage and efficiency as high as possible.

scholarly journals Successfully Pregnancy Outcome After LLETZ in Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (C) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Junita Indarti ◽  
Raymond Surya ◽  
Reyhan Aditya ◽  
Muhammad Ikhsan ◽  
Kristian Alda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Large Loop ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has an important role in cervical cancer development and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was 1.3–2.7/1000 pregnancies. The HPV and its treatments such as loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) or large loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LLETZ) have an association with poor obstetric outcomes. CASE REPORT: Here, we present four case studies of successful live birth after treatment of CIN. We reported that four patients had been performed LLETZ, with abnormal colposcopy results and liquidbased cytology results were one ASCUS, one ASCH, and two HSIL. The histopathology results were one CIN 1, one CIN 2, and two CIN 3. There was a higher rate of pregnancy for treated women than untreated women. The higher the CIN grades, the more prevalence of cesarean section rate. CONCLUSION: The HPV testing or cotesting at 3-year intervals is recommended after treatment due to the sensitivity of HPV testing. Although pregnancy could delay the progression of precancerous lesions, it is recommended to follow the individualized algorithm in the ASCCP guideline to reduce the risk of cervical cancer progression.

scholarly journals Role of VIA and PAP Smear in the Diagnosis of Cervical Precancers: A Study of 115 C ases

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
RA Jahan ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
TA Nasir ◽  
ANNU Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Hpv Dna

Carcinoma of cervix is the most frequent neoplasm of female genital tract. In Bangladesh cervical cancer is the commonest malignancy of women. This high incidence of cervical cancer is attributed to the lack of screening program, particularly in the women of low socio-economic status. Invasive cervical cancer is preceded by a tong premalignant phase known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The goal of cervical cancer screening is the detection and treatment of precancer before cancer develops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test parameters using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cervical cytology in screening and early diagnosis of the precancerous lesions of cervix. This study deals with 115 cases from Gynecology Outpatient Department of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi from July 2006 to June 2008. After vaginal examination Pap smear was collected, followed by VIA and punch biopsy of cervix. All the data were evaluated by standard statistical methods. The sensitivity of VIA was 94.11% while Pap smear was 64.7%. The specificity of Pap smear was 93.94% while VIA was 57.57%. These two tests may be considered as a suitable early detection technique in the developing countries where other test like HPV-DNA detection is a costly oneTAJ 2009; 22(1): 183-189

scholarly journals Gynaecological Screening for Cervical and Vulvar Malignancies in a Cohort of Systemic Sclerosis Patients: Our Experience and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Colaci ◽  
D. Giuggioli ◽  
G. Cassone ◽  
C. Vacchi ◽  
F. Campomori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynaecological Malignancies ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background. Increased incidence of cancer was frequently reported in scleroderma (SSc), but no association with gynaecological malignancies was described in literature.Objectives. To investigate gynaecological neoplasms in SSc patients.Methods. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated 80 SSc patients, living in the same geographical area. We considered all patients undergoing gynaecological evaluation, including pap test as screening for cervical cancer, between January 2008 and December 2014.Results. 55 (68.7%) patients were negative and 20 (25%) presented inflammatory alterations, while cancer or precancerous lesions were found in 5 (6.2%) cases (2 showed cervical cancer (one of them in situ), 1 vulvar melanoma, 1 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1 endocervical polyp with immature squamous metaplasia). The frequency of cervical cancer in our series seems higher in comparison to the incidence registered in the same geographical area. The presence of atypical cytological findings correlated with anti-Scl70 autoantibodies (p= 0.022); moreover, the patients with these alterations tended to be older (median 65, range 46–67), if compared to the whole series (p= 0.052).Conclusions. A relatively high frequency of gynaecological malignancies was found in our SSc series. In general, gynaecological evaluation for SSc women needs to be included in the routine patients’ surveillance.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Expression of Testin, p16 and Ki-67 in the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Aneta Popiel ◽  
Aleksandra Piotrowska ◽  
Patrycja Sputa-Grzegrzolka ◽  
Beata Smolarz ◽  
Hanna Romanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽  
P16 Expression

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in women worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 65%; nevertheless, it depends on race, age, and clinical stage. In the oncogenesis of cervical cancer, persistent HPV infection plays a pivotal role. It disrupts the expression of key proteins as Ki-67, p16, involved in regulating the cell cycle. This study aimed to identify the potential role of testin in the diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions (CIN). The study was performed on selected archival paraffin-embedded specimens of CIN1 (31), CIN2 (75), and CIN3 (123). Moderate positive correlation was observed between testin and Ki-67 as well as testin and p16 expression in all dysplastic lesions (r = 0.4209, r = 0.5681; p < 0.0001 for both). Statistical analysis showed stronger expression of the testin in dysplastic lesions vs. control group (p < 0.0001); moreover, expression was significantly higher in HSIL than LSIL group (p < 0.0024). In addition, a significantly stronger expression of testin was observed in CIN3 vs. CIN1 and CIN3 vs. CIN2. In our study, expression of Ki-67, p16, and testin increased gradually as the lesion progressed from LSIL to HSIL. The three markers complemented each other effectively, which may improve test sensitivity and specificity when used jointly.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in imprisoned women worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Escobar ◽  
Emma Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Background and objectivesImprisoned women have higher rates of abnormalities at cervical screening and some studies suggest that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in this population. The aim of this work was to summarise the current evidence on the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in women in prison worldwide and to compare these rates with the general population.MethodsWe systematically searched and reviewed published and unpublished data reporting the prevalence of any HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in imprisoned women. We created forest plots with prevalence estimates from studies with comparable outcomes and of prevalence ratios using data from national screening programmes as a comparison group.FindingsA total of 53 533 imprisoned women from 10 countries and 35 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of HPV among prisoners ranged from 10.5% to 55.4% with significant heterogeneity. The prevalence of CIN diagnosed by cytology in prisoners ranged from 0% to 22%. Ratios comparing the prevalence of CIN in imprisoned women to that in the community ranged from 1.13 to 5.46. Cancer prevalence estimates were at least 100 times higher than in populations participating in national screening programmes.ConclusionImprisoned women are at higher risk of cervical cancer than the general population. There is a high prevalence of HPV infection and precancerous lesions in this population. Targeted programmes for control of risk factors and the development of more effective cervical screening programmes are recommended.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42014009690.

Practising high-resolution anoscopy

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Palefsky
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Men And Women

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing in the general population among both men and women. The incidence is particularly high among men who have sex with men and HIV-infected men and women. Anal cancer is similar to cervical cancer and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Anal cancer is potentially preventable through primary prevention with HPV vaccination or secondary prevention. Secondary prevention is modelled after cervical cancer, where cytology is used as a screening tool to identify women who need colposcopy. Colposcopy includes magnification of the cervix, which, along with acetic acid and Lugol’s solution, is used to visualise and biopsy potentially precancerous lesions, enabling treatment before progression to cervical cancer. Anal cancer is likely preceded by high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), and a colposcope with acetic acid and Lugol’s solution may similarly be used to visualise HGAIN to permit biopsy and treatment in an effort to prevent anal cancer. To distinguish it from cervical colposcopy, this technique is called high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). Many of the features that distinguish low-grade AIN from HGAIN are similar to those of the cervix, but HRA poses several additional challenges compared with cervical colposcopy. These include uneven topography; obscuring of lesions due to haemorrhoids, folds, stool or mucus; or lesions being located at the base of folds and anal glands. Consequently, a long learning curve is typically required before becoming fully competent in this technique. The technique of HRA, its uses and challenges in prevention of anal cancer are described in this article.

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