scholarly journals Basic chemical composition and mineral content of the milk of cows of various breeds raised on organic farms and on traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6022-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZYGMUNT LITWIŃCZUK ◽  
NATALIA KOPERSKA ◽  
WITOLD CHABUZ ◽  
MONIKA KĘDZIERSKA-MATYSEK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Feeding Systems

The aim of study was to evaluate the chemical composition, including mineral content, in milk of different breeds maintained in organic and traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems. The study was carried out on 47 farms in south-eastern Poland. A total of 735 milk samples were analysed, including 263 from cows raised on organic farms, 218 from cows raised on conventional farms using a traditional feeding system, and 254 from cows raised on conventional farms using an intensive feeding system (PMR). All types of farms raised Polish Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cows, and the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system also kept Polish Red and White-Backed cows. The highest (p≤0.01) daily milk yield and content of protein, lactose, dry matter and urea in the milk were obtained from the cows fed in the PMR system. The highest fat content was noted for the milk from the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system. The animals raised in the organic system produced the least milk, with the lowest concentrations of its basic nutrients. The highest mineral content was noted for the milk from the traditional system. The milk from the organic system contained the least Ca, Na, Mg, Zn and Fe, while the milk from the intensive system contained the least Mn. The content of Cu was similar in the milk from the organic and intensive systems and lower (p≤0.01) than in the milk from the traditional system. The results of two-way analysis of variance indicate that the breed of cow significantly influenced milk yield, protein content, protein-to-fat ratio, Ca and Zn concentration (p≤0.01), and the content of dry matter, Fe and Mn in the milk (p≤0.05). .

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
S. Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Index ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

scholarly journals Nutritional Traits of Silage Produced from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivated Using Conventional Technology versus Organic Technology in Support of Higher Dairy Productions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Ioan Zamfir MARCHIȘ ◽  
Daniela LADOȘI ◽  
Camelia OROIAN ◽  
Antonia ODAGIU ◽  
Vasile IUGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Single Chemical

As consequence of increasing need of higher livestock productions, in conditions of assuring environmental sustainability, comparative tests of properties of forages obtained by application of conventional technologies compared with those obtained as result of organic practices, may be useful. Thus our trial covers issues concerning comparative study of nutritional traits, expresses through chemical composition indices, of silage obtained from alfalfa resulted from two types of cultivation technologies, conventional, and organic, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a familiar farm located near Huedin, County of Cluj, Romania. Higher contents of dry matter, acid detergent fibre, and ammonia are reported in silage obtained from alfalfa cultivated in organic technology, compared to silage obtained from alfalfa conventionally produced. The ammonia content of silage obtained from alfalfa cultivated using conventional technology, reported as % from dry matter, is the single chemical index where high diversity within individual values was identified. Correlations of similar intensities were identified between the indices of the chemical composition of the silage obtained from both, conventionally and organic, cultivated alfalfa. The alfalfa cultivated in organic system promotes higher amounts of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and total volatile fatty acids, in alfalfa silage.

The effect of pattern of concentrate allocation for autumn-calving cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Rate System ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Systems

The traditional system of feeding concentrates according to milk yield implies that higher levels of concentrates are offered during early lactation and that animals of higher yield potential receive greater concentrate inputs than their lower yielding herd-mates. However the results from recent studies would suggest that, when forage is offered ad libitum such an approach will result in no better herd performance than a flat rate system which takes neither of these two factors into consideration. The aim of the present study was to provide further information on this topic for autumn-calving cows, by examining the effects of variations in both the pattern of concentrate allocation over the lactation and the distribution of concentrates between animals within the herd. In the present study step feeding and flat rate feeding systems were compared with each system being operated with either all animals offered similar concentrate levels per animal or alternatively animals of higher yield potential being offered greater concentrate inputs than lower yielding animals.

The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system on reproductive performance in seasonal-calving milk production systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Horan ◽  
J. F. Mee ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. O' Connor ◽  
P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
North American ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThree strains of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows: high production North American (HP), high durability North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ) were assigned, within strain, to one of three pasture-based feeding systems: Moorepark (MP), high concentrate (HC), and high stocking rate (HS). The effects of strain of HF, feeding system and parity on milk production, body condition score (BCS), live weight, energy balance and reproductive performance were studied using a repeated measures model with a factorial arrangement of strain ofHF and feeding systems. Associations between these variables and conception to first service (CONCEPT1), conception to first and second service (CONCEPTl_2), pregnancy rate at 6 weeks (PREG6) and overall pregnancy rate (PREG) were assessed using logistic regressions. When treatment means were compared, the NZ strain had a shorter gestation length and a higher CONCEPT1J2 than both the HP and HD strains. Similarly, the NZ strain had a higher PREG6 and PREG than the HP strain. Feeding system had no significant effect on reproductive performance. The HP strain had the highest milk yield at first AI and peak milk yield, the NZ strain had the lowest milk yield while the HD strain was intermediate. The energy balance of the NZ strain was higher than that of the HP and HD strains. The NZ strain had the lowest live weight and highest BCS; the HD strain had the highest live weight and the HP strain had the lowest BCS. The results show that dairy cows with superior genetic merit for fertility traits have better reproductive performance.

The effect of forage maize hybrid type on in vivo and in vitro dry matter digestibility

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O Ozay ◽  
H. Gizir
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The digestibility values of forages have long been recognised as an important parameter affecting both milk yield and growth of ruminants. Several methods (in vivo and in vitro) are used to determine digestibility of forages. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of chemical composition of silages on the in vivo and in vitro DMD of maize silages.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIPLOID AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Diastatic Activity

Although the forages from six autotetraploid barley varieties harvested at the 5-leaf and mature stages of growth contained slightly more crude protein, their feeding value appeared inferior to diploid barley forages because of a lower dry matter and mineral content. Autotetraploid seeds exceeded the diploids by about one-third in percentage of crude protein, crude fiber, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium but were lower in moisture and nitrogen-free extract. A greater proportion of hulls was a contributing factor in the higher crude fiber and ash content of the autotetraploids. On the basis of their chemical composition, the autotetraploid seeds would make excellent livestock feeds.Prediction tests indicated that, in spite of the large seed and exceptionally high diastatic activity in the autotetraploids, their yield of barley extract would be too low for malting purposes.

The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian dairy cow and pasture-based system on grass intake and milk production

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Horan ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
North American ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow, pasture-based feeding system (FS) and their interaction on milk production, dry matter (DM) intake and energy balance over 3 years consecutively. The three strains were: high milk production North American (HP), high fertility and survival (durability) North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ). The FS were: a high grass allowance (HG FS), a high concentrate (HC FS) and a high stocking rate (HS FS). A separate farmlet existed for each FS and a total of 99, 117 and 117 animals were used in year 1, year 2 and year 3, respectively, divided equally between strains and FS. Individual animal intakes were estimated three times each year at pasture; in May (P1), in July (P2) and October (P3), corresponding on average to day 102, 177 and 240 of lactation, respectively. The HP cows achieved the highest milk yield, the NZ the lowest, while the HD was intermediate; the HP achieved the highest solid corrected milk yield with no difference between the NZ and HD strains. The grass DM intake of the HP strain was highest ( P<0·001) in all feeding systems. There was a significant strain×FS interaction for yield of milk, fat and protein, grass DM and total DM intake. The milk production response to the HC FS in P1 and P2 was significantly greater for both the HP and HD strains than for the NZ strain, while in P3 the response was highest for the HP, lowest for the NZ and intermediate for the HD. The reduction in pasture DM intake per kg of concentrate was greatest for the NZ strain, lowest for the HP and intermediate for the HD strain. The NZ strain also had the highest grass DM intake per kg live weight. The existence of strain×FS interactions for production and DM intake indicate that greater knowledge of both genotype and feeding environment is required to predict animal performance.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FEATURES OF WEIGHT GROWTH, AGE AND DIRECTION OF BREED PRODUCTIVITY ON BEEF QUALITY INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ugnivenko ◽  
N. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
O. Shtonda ◽  
T. Antoniuk ◽  
O. Pylypchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

A comparative assessment of beef in the interbreed and age aspects of animals carried out. A specific difference in the beef quality from meat and dairy breeds raised in Kyiv and Cherkasy regions has been determined. The influence of different parameters of weight growth and slaughter age on the chemical composition of beef of 20-22-month-old bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy and meat breeds was established. The chemical composition of beef of young Ukrainian dairy and meat breeds has a significant difference. Meat bulls are inferior to dairy peers in terms of dry meat content (28.8 and 31.8%) and mineral content (5.9 times) and fat content (10.2 and 12.6 times). There is no difference in protein content between the groups. In the increasing the age of slaughter of young dairy and meat direction of productivity, the content of dry matter, minerals and fat does not change significantly. Only dairy animals at the age of 20 months have a higher protein content. Before the age of 22 months, animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed tend to increase their fat content with a slight reduction in protein. The weight of the animals before slaughter does not affect the chemical composition of beef. The dry matter content with an increase in actual live weight before slaughter has only a tendency to increase. There is no significant difference in protein, fat and mineral content. With faster growth of animals of both breeds, only the protein content in beef tends to increase, and the content of minerals - to decrease. The meat of bulls of the Ukrainian meat breed tends to increase in fat by 0.3 points as their growth increases. Comparison of chemical composition m. Longissimus dorsi of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and beef cattle shows that the beef of the Ukrainian meat breed, which responds to satisfactory feeding with rapid growth of muscle tissue and late formation of adipose tissue, meets the market requirements the most. The biological feature of these cattle, in contrast to the dairy breed, is that the increase in their weight up to 20-22 months of age is mainly due to the accumulation of muscle tissue and moderate growth of adipose tissue. Beef from it should be considered a lenten, so it is in great demand. The accumulation of fat in the bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed is somewhat intensified. The ratio of protein to fat at 20 months in bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy is 1 to 0.29, while in Ukrainian meat - only 1 to 0.03

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional value of leaves and pods of Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis laevigata and Acacia farnesiana in a xerophilous shrubland

2020 ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. Zapata- Campos ◽  
José E. García-Martínez ◽  
Jaime Salinas Chavira ◽  
Juan A. Ascacio Valdés ◽  
Miguel A. Medina Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of three leguminous trees heavily selected by goats in a xerophilous shrubland. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of leaves and pods from leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), mesquite (Prosopis laevigata), and huisache (Acacia farnesiana) is presented. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 17.3% for leaves of huisache to 21.9% for leucaena. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content ranged from 39.0 to 40.3 with no difference among fodder threes. Across tree species, mean IVDMD was 61.6% for pods and 52.2% for leaves. IVDMD for leaves was highest (p < 0.01) for leucaena (54.9%) and lowest for huisache (47.3%). Condensed tannins in an acetonic extract were highest for leaves of huisache (45.3 mg CE/g DM) and lowest for mesquite (25.9 mg CE/g DM). Pods and leaves of huisache presented the highest number of secondary metabolites, mainly related to hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonols; leucaena and mesquite presented mainly flavonols and anthocyanins. It was concluded that leaves and pods of leucaena, mesquite, and huisache constitute valuable forages for ruminant livestock due to their low fiber, high CP levels, moderate in vitro fermentation characteristics and high mineral content.

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