scholarly journals Nutritional Traits of Silage Produced from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivated Using Conventional Technology versus Organic Technology in Support of Higher Dairy Productions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Ioan Zamfir MARCHIȘ ◽  
Daniela LADOȘI ◽  
Camelia OROIAN ◽  
Antonia ODAGIU ◽  
Vasile IUGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Single Chemical

As consequence of increasing need of higher livestock productions, in conditions of assuring environmental sustainability, comparative tests of properties of forages obtained by application of conventional technologies compared with those obtained as result of organic practices, may be useful. Thus our trial covers issues concerning comparative study of nutritional traits, expresses through chemical composition indices, of silage obtained from alfalfa resulted from two types of cultivation technologies, conventional, and organic, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a familiar farm located near Huedin, County of Cluj, Romania. Higher contents of dry matter, acid detergent fibre, and ammonia are reported in silage obtained from alfalfa cultivated in organic technology, compared to silage obtained from alfalfa conventionally produced. The ammonia content of silage obtained from alfalfa cultivated using conventional technology, reported as % from dry matter, is the single chemical index where high diversity within individual values was identified. Correlations of similar intensities were identified between the indices of the chemical composition of the silage obtained from both, conventionally and organic, cultivated alfalfa. The alfalfa cultivated in organic system promotes higher amounts of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and total volatile fatty acids, in alfalfa silage.

Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep offered forage-concentrate diets differing in nitrogen concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. ZHOU ◽  
J. D. MI ◽  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
X. S. GUO ◽  
H. C. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of dietary nitrogen (N) content [Low: 11·0; Medium-Low (MLow): 16·7; Medium-High (Mhigh): 23·1; High: 29·2 N g/kg dry matter (DM)] on apparent digestibilities, rumen fermentation and N balance was conducted in coarse wool Tibetan sheep and Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep at Wushaoling in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was hypothesized that responses would differ between breeds and that responses would favour Tibetan over fine-wool sheep at low N intakes. Eight wethers [four Tibetan sheep and four fine-wool sheep, 20–24 months old; body weight ± standard deviation was 52 ± 3·2 kg] were used in two concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when fed the Low, MLow and High N diets while N retention was higher when the animals were fed the Low and MLow N diets. Tibetan sheep had a higher rumen pH than fine-wool sheep; however, total volatile fatty acids were similar between breeds. Molar proportions of acetate were higher but propionate and butyrate lower in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep. In addition, Tibetan sheep had higher concentrations of ruminal free amino acid-N and soluble protein-N than fine-wool sheep. Plasma and saliva urea-N concentrations were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when supplied with the Low N diet. It was concluded that Tibetan sheep were better able to cope with low N feed than fine-wool sheep because of the higher N retention and higher DM and fibre digestibilities with Low and MLow diets.

Effects of urea and saccharose on intake and digestion of a Digitaria decumbens hay by black belly sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Archimède ◽  
G. Aumont ◽  
G. Saminadin| ◽  
E. Deprès ◽  
P. Despois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractEffects of incorporation of urea and saccharose in diets, on intake and digestion by sheep of a 35-day-old pangola (Digitaria decumbens) hay, have been studied according to a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. Sixteen rams were given four diets: hay (C); hay plus urea (U, 23 g/kg hay); hay plus saccharose (S, 60 g/kg hay), hay plus urea and saccharose (SU). Acid-detergent fibre and crude protein (CP) content of the roughage were 395 and 78 g/kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Intake of hay (g DM per kg live weight0.75), supplemented with urea and sugar (42⋅9), was lower (F < 0.05) than with other diets (47.2, s.e. 1.6). The organic matter (OM) total tract and ruminal digestibility of the diet C, S, U and SU were 0.622, 0.590, 0.615 and 0.587 (s.e. 0.007); 0.361, 0.380, 0.378 and 0.345 (s.e. 0.015) respectively. Effective degradation and nylon bag kinetics of DM degradation were higher with U and SU compared with S or C. Few differences were observed between diets for ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids. The ruminal ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the diets with urea than without urea (78 v. 215 mg/l). The efficiencies of the microbial synthesis (g nitrogen per kg OM fermented in the rumen) were, 23.6, 22.4, 24.9 and 29.3 (s.e. 1.7) for the diets C, U, S and SU respectively.Even though additional urea increased nitrogen availability for ruminal bacteria, urea supplementation did not affect significantly intake or digestion of the pangola hay of medium CP content used in this experiment.

scholarly journals Basic chemical composition and mineral content of the milk of cows of various breeds raised on organic farms and on traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6022-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZYGMUNT LITWIŃCZUK ◽  
NATALIA KOPERSKA ◽  
WITOLD CHABUZ ◽  
MONIKA KĘDZIERSKA-MATYSEK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Feeding Systems

The aim of study was to evaluate the chemical composition, including mineral content, in milk of different breeds maintained in organic and traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems. The study was carried out on 47 farms in south-eastern Poland. A total of 735 milk samples were analysed, including 263 from cows raised on organic farms, 218 from cows raised on conventional farms using a traditional feeding system, and 254 from cows raised on conventional farms using an intensive feeding system (PMR). All types of farms raised Polish Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cows, and the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system also kept Polish Red and White-Backed cows. The highest (p≤0.01) daily milk yield and content of protein, lactose, dry matter and urea in the milk were obtained from the cows fed in the PMR system. The highest fat content was noted for the milk from the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system. The animals raised in the organic system produced the least milk, with the lowest concentrations of its basic nutrients. The highest mineral content was noted for the milk from the traditional system. The milk from the organic system contained the least Ca, Na, Mg, Zn and Fe, while the milk from the intensive system contained the least Mn. The content of Cu was similar in the milk from the organic and intensive systems and lower (p≤0.01) than in the milk from the traditional system. The results of two-way analysis of variance indicate that the breed of cow significantly influenced milk yield, protein content, protein-to-fat ratio, Ca and Zn concentration (p≤0.01), and the content of dry matter, Fe and Mn in the milk (p≤0.05). .

The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlaina ◽  
K Seyoum ◽  
D Chapman ◽  
C Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Season On The Yield And Nutritive Value Of Gliricidia Sepium And Leucaena Leucocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Browse Species

Four plots of Gliricidia and two plots of Leucuena were harvested at three monthly intervals to monitor dry matter yield, chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The plants had been established (Gliricidia from stakes, Leucaena from seeds) and were spaced 1m apart on rows and 1m between rows. Each plot size was 6m x 6m.  There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the dry matter yield of the two browse species. Season did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of Leucaena but had on that of Gliricidia (P<0.01). The early dry harvest produced the lowest yield for both Gliricidia and Leucaena and these were significantly lower than the yield from other harvests.  Season had significant effect (P<0.01) on the chemical composition of Leucaena except on the percent Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and lignin but season had no effect on the organic matter digestibilities of the two browse species: Leucaena was higher in nutritive value than Gliricidia.

The roughage requirement of the early-weaned calf

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hi Shin Kang ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted with 50 male Friesian calves between 5 and 11 weeks of age. Milled wheat straw (0·95 cm screen) was included in a pelleted all-concentrate diet at concentrations of 0, 15, 30 or 45 %. The nitrogen content of the diets was maintained by the addition of urea. The diets were given alone or with a chaffed lucerne hay or wheat straw supplement ad libitum. All diets contained 2 % sodium bicarbonate.The feed intake and weight gains of the calves were increased significantly by the inclusion of 15 % milled wheat straw, but were reduced by 30 or 45 % straw. The supplements of chaffed wheat straw or lucerne hay ad libitum did not influence the performance of the calves. The inclusion of wheat straw in the diets reduced their dry-matter digestibility but the digestibility of acid detergent fibre was maximal with 27 % straw. The digestibility of nitrogen was significantly increased by 15% straw but reduced by further increases in straw.The inclusion of wheat straw in the diets did not influence the pH of the rumen contents or the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Increasing the level of straw in the diet caused a significant linear increase in the proportion of acetic acid and decreases in butyric, propionic and valeric acids.

scholarly journals Effect of leaf type on browse selection by free-ranging goats in a southern African savanna

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242231
Author(s):  
Casper C. Nyamukanza ◽  
Allan Sebata
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Broad- and fine-leaved woody species respond to seasonal changes from wet to dry season differently. For example, broad-leaved species shed their leaves earlier, while fine-leaved species, especially acacias retain green foliage well into the dry season. These differences are expected to result in variation in selection of broad- and fine-leaved woody species as browse by free-ranging goats. We tested the hypothesis that free-ranging goats select broad-leaved woody species more than fine-leaved species during wet (growth) season and fine-leaved woody species more than broad-leaved species during dry season. In addition, we tested if broad- and fine-leaved woody species had different foliar dry matter digestibility and chemical composition (crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, total phenolics and condensed tannins concentration). Free-ranging goats were observed foraging on broad- and fine-leaved woody species over a two-year period (2014 and 2015) during three seasons: early wet (October/November), late wet (February/March) and dry (May/June). Ivlev’s selectivity or Jacob’s index (Ei) was calculated for five woody species (two broad-leaved and three fine-leaved) browsed by goats during wet and dry season. Jacob’s selectivity index was higher for broad–leaved (Ziziphus mucronata and Searsia (Rhus) tenuinervis) than fine-leaved woody species (Acacia nilotica, Acacia karroo and Dichrostachys cinerea) during wet season. However, the trend was reversed during dry season with fine-leaved species having higher Jacob’s selectivity index than broad-leaved species. Leaf dry matter digestibility and chemical composition was similar between broad- and fine-leaved woody species throughout the year. We conclude that goats selected broad-leaved woody species during wet season when browse was plentiful and then switched to fine-leaved species which retained leaves during dry season.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the biomass yield, chemical composition and in-sacco dry matter degradability of different cultivars of triticale fodder

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
MK Zannat ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
MRI Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
In Sacco

An experiment was conducted to determine the biomass yield, chemical composition and in-sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of 10 cultivars (WRF-7, TSN-111, TYT-03, TYT-05, TYT-06, TYT-08, TYT-12, ITYN-10, ITYN-14 and ITYN-15) of triticale fodder. The fresh yield of different cultivars of triticale was ranged from 5.03 to 6.85 (t/ha). The organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents of different cultivars of triticale were found 89.62 to 91.78 %, 21.34 to 25.99 %, 23.09 to 29.99 %, 46.77 to 50.80 %, 0.42 to 0.61 % and 0.33 to 0.41 %, respectively. The yield of DM and CP of different cultivars of triticale were varied from 0.77 to 1.44 (t/ha) and 0.193 to 0.351 (t/ha), respectively. Among different triticale cultivars the highest OM and CP contents were found in TYT-12 (91.78 %) and ITYN-10 (25.99 %), respectively. The highest NDF and ADF contents were found in ITYN-14 (50.80 %) and TYT-05 (29.99 %), respectively among different cultivars. The contents of Ca and P in ITYN-10 (0.61 %) and ITYN-14 (0.41 %), respectively were found to be the highest among the cultivars. Potential DM degradability observed in different cultivars of triticale was higher in ITYN-14 and TYT-05 (84.81 and 81.88 %, respectively) compared to others and relatively poor degradability was found in TSN-111 and TYT-03 (60.74 and 61.35 %, respectively). Therefore, it may be concluded that, the cultivar ITYN-10 will be the promising one due to comparatively higher fresh yield, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content and less acid detergent fibre (ADF) fraction cultivated for fodder production in Bangladesh.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11972 

scholarly journals The role of rumen protozoa in the utilization of paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) hay by cattle

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Punia ◽  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
G. J. Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dietary Treatments

1.Six Friesian heifers (250 kg live weight) with permanent cannulas in the rumen and abomasum were allocated at random into two groups of three. One group was treated with Teric GN9 (ICI (Aust.) Ltd) to defaunate the animals during the first two of the four periods of the experiment, after which they were refaunated. The second group was treated with Teric at the end of the first two periods. The dietary treatments were: paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) hay (4.1 kg/d) given alone and the hay supplemented with urea (20 g/kg dry matter).2. Defaunation was not complete but the approximate volume of protozoa in the rumen of treated animals was less than 6% of that in the untreated animals.3. The amount of organic matter (OM) digested in the stomach was lower (P< 0.01) in animals with reduced fauna than in those with normal fauna. There were reductions in both the apparent OM digestibility in the total tract (from 0.56 to 0.52,P< 0.01) and the proportion of the digestible OM digested in the rumen (from 0.82 to 0.79, not significant) of animals with reduced fauna. Apparent digestibilities of acid-detergent fibre and neutral-detergent fibre were significantly lower (P< 0.01) in animals with reduced fauna.4. The amount of nitrogen disappearing from the stomach was significantly higher (P< 0.01) with the urea supplement; effects due to concentrations of protozoa were not significant. The flow of non-ammonia-N from the abomasum was higher (P< 0.05) in animals with reduced fauna than in animals with normal fauna. The flows of bacterial N from the abomasum and the efficiencies of bacterial N synthesis were not significantly affected by the treatments. N retention was higher (P< 0.01) in animals receiving the urea supplement but differences due to protozoa were not significant.5. Protozoal contribution to the microbial N flowing from the rumen of animals with normal fauna was estimated to be 24 and 27% with and without the urea supplement respectively.6. Concentrations of rumen-fluid ammonia-N were reduced (P< 0.05) and those of volatile fatty acids were increased (P< 0.01) with reduction in protozoal numbers. Molar proportions of propionic acid increased (P< 0.05) and of butyric acid decreased (P< 0.01) with reduced rumen fauna.7. Rumen water volume was lower (P< 0.05) and the mean retention time of indigestible acid-detergent lignin tended to be higher in animals with reduced fauna. Rumen dry-matter pool and mean retention time of CrEDTA were not significantly different between treatments.

The nutritive value of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) herbage grown under irrigation in northern Victoria

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

A series of experiments is described which considered the nutritive value of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) (cv. Maral) herbage grown under irrigation in northern Victoria. Digestion studies were undertaken with sheep and dairy cows, and the degradation of herbage samples in nylon bags was evaluated. Digestion coefficients were estimated, leaf and stem characteristics were measured, mineral and amino acid profiles were obtained, and protein degradabilities were assessed throughout the period of growth of Persian clover. Freshly harvested Persian clover herbage utilized before flowering appears to be an excellent feedstuff for ruminants, and its chemical composition remains relatively constant until late spring. In vivo OM digestibilities were in the range, 75-85%, although this depended on feeding level and time of the year. When vegetative, nitrogen content ranged from 3.0 to 4.6%, and neutral and acid detergent fibre levels were 24-34 and 21-27%, respectively. Acid detergent lignin concentrations were between 2.1 and 4.5% of dry matter. Dry matter contents of the herbage were often very low; this could influence intake and digestion. The chemical composition of leaves and petioles/stems were very different. The digestibility of the leaf fraction was often much lower than that of the petiole/stem fraction, but its nitrogen content was higher. Reasons for this, and their implications, are discussed. Protein degradability in the rumen was lower than expected (<70%); this was attributed to very fast rates of flow of digesta out of the rumen. Herbage minerals generally appeared to be adequate. Implications of the degree of degradation of individual amino acids and minerals in the rumen are discussed. The use of chemical characteristics to predict the digestibility of Persian clover herbage is considered and discussed.

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