scholarly journals A descriptive spatiotemporal analysis of rabies in domestic carnivores and wildlife in Ukraine in 2012-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 6589-2021
Author(s):  
IRYNA MAKOVSKA ◽  
MEGAN W. HOWARD ◽  
MAKSYM BEZYMENNYI ◽  
LUCJAN WITKOWSKI ◽  
VITALII NEDOSEKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
And Control

Ukraine leads Europe in the number of rabies cases reported in both wild and domestic animals. Endemic rabies in Ukraine poses a threat of rabies spreading into non-endemic neighbouring countries, including Poland, Slovak Republic, Hungary and Romania. This study is the first to collate and analyze rabies cases at the national level in Ukraine. Spatial and temporal analysis was performed to identify space-time clusters of rabies cases using nationally collated rabies surveillance data from 2012-2018. In the study period, 10,717 rabies cases were confirmed, with the majority in domestic carnivores (49.5%; cats: 28.5%; dogs: 21.1%) and the other primarily in foxes (34.0%). Rabies epidemic curves identified peak rabies incidence from October to December for foxes and from October to March for domestic carnivores. The kernel density of rabies for all species indicates a permanently high density in southwest Ukraine (Zakarpattia and Vinnytsia oblasts) and lower in northeast Ukraine (Poltava oblast). The highest density of rabies cases in foxes occurred in oblasts bordering European countries, while rabid domestic carnivores were concentrated near the border with the Russian Federation. The analysis identified 10 statistically significant clusters in foxes and 3 in domestic carnivores, mostly in the same high kernel density locations. Early clusters of foxes were recorded on January 3, 2012 in western Ukraine (ratio, 2.21), and early clusters of domestic carnivores on January 30, 2012 in western Ukraine as well (ratio, 6.39). These findings provide insight into the temporal patterns and distribution of rabies case clusters in wildlife and domestic carnivores in Ukraine. Our study provides policymakers with the first statistically valuable data on the hotspot regions and timing of rabies outbreaks. The analysis may contribute to improved rabies prevention and surveillance strategies by identifying regions for targeted prevention measures so that national programmes for the prevention, surveillance and control of rabies in Ukraine are executed more effectively.

scholarly journals Joint Action on cancer iPAAC - building on experience and streamlining recommendations for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jelenc ◽  
T Albreht
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
European Code ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Policy initiatives, proposals and projects often end up proposing solutions and/or measures that are eventually either not or only partially implemented or they are lacking a system, which would consistently evaluate their implementation and/or impact. Good solutions are often not visible enough to the broader professional community and it is important to identify certain outstanding challenges in cancer control and policy. Driven by the need to better use the outputs from projects on cancer policy, European Commission was trying to address two challenges - one was in solving the problems with the implementation and use of the solutions that have already been proposed and the other one in identifying the outstanding challenges in cancer policy. Results We have decided to follow the structure to develop a series of recommendations and examples of good practices at the national level by selected areas. These would be streamlined into a roadmap to support policymakers at the national and EU level in formulating their cancer policies. Three pairs of targeted recommendations have been identified: Cancer prevention, including health promotion, implementation of the European Code Against Cancer and the reshaping and extension of cancer registriesGenomics and immunotherapy in cancerChallenges in cancer care and governance of cancer control Conclusions Multinational collaboration can bring about important consensual solutions, which build on the existing good practices in the countries. This can be combined well with the existing work on specific areas, carried out both internationally and nationally. Consensus building on jointly defined challenges represents a task that appears to be resolved rather pragmatically. Key message It is important that advance in cancer care and control are quickly analysed and that policymakers receive up-to-date recommendations to improve their policies on cancer control.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Desertification and Its Prevention in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6861
Author(s):  
Xiya Liang ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Juanle Wang ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Chuluun Togtokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Decoupling Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Mongolia is a globally crucial region that has been suffering from land desertification. However, current understanding on Mongolia’s desertification is limited, constraining the desertification control and sustainable development in Mongolia and even other parts of the world. This paper studied spatiotemporal patterns, driving factors, mitigation strategies, and research methods of desertification in Mongolia through an extensive review of literature. Results showed that: (i) remote sensing monitoring of desertification in Mongolia has been subject to a relatively low spatial resolution and considerable time delay, and thus high-resolution and timely data are needed to perform a more precise and timely study; (ii) the contribution of desertification impacting factors has not been quantitatively assessed, and a decoupling analysis is desirable to quantify the contribution of factors in different regions of Mongolia; (iii) existing desertification prevention measures should be strengthened in the future. In particular, the relationship between grassland changes and husbandry development needs to be considered during the development of desertification prevention measures; (iv) the multi-method study (particularly interdisciplinary approaches) and desertification model development should be enhanced to facilitate an in-depth desertification research in Mongolia. This study provides a useful reference for desertification research and control in Mongolia and other regions of the world.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Julien Claude ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Julien Cappelle ◽  
Anamika Kritiyakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additive Modeling ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Liyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

Regulatory Administration: An Evolving and Neglected Area of Public Administration in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-702
Author(s):  
Yudhishthira Sapru ◽  
R.K. Sapru
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Control

In the current phase of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation, and now broadly governance, regulatory administration has acquired growing importance as an instrument of achieving socio-economic objectives. It is through instrumentality of regulatory administration that the government is able to exercise effective political and economic sovereignty and control over the country’s governance process and resources. Governments of nearly all developing countries have initiated policies and procedures to promote and strengthen regulatory bodies and agencies. However, the results of these promotional and regular activities have varied considerably, often reflecting large inadequacies in policies, organisational structures and procedures. Increasing emphasis is now being placed at the national level on a more flexible regulatory administration to enforce compliance with nationally established policies and requirements in various political, economic and social spheres. As a watchdog for the public interest, governments both at central and state levels should engage in activities for the promotion of social and economic justice, so as to ensure the happiness and prosperity of the people.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Direct Participation of Workers on the Rates of Absenteeism in the Spanish Labor Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Payá Castiblanque
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Direct Participation ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transversal Study

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the different levels of direct participation of workers (passive, consultative or active-delegated) in risk prevention management with the levels of absenteeism in Spain. To this end, a transversal study was carried out using microdata from the Second European Survey of Companies on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2-Spain, 2014) with a master population of 3162 work centres. A multinomial logistic regression model was carried out, with the dependent variable being the levels of absenteeism and the independent variables, the participation indicators and preventive management, calculating the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) between all the independent and control variables, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). The results obtained showed how the active-delegative participation of workers in the design and adoption of psychosocial risk prevention measures reported 2.33 less probabilities of having a very high or fairly high level of absenteeism (aOR = 0.43; 95%IC:0.27–0.69). However, having documented aspects of preventive management (plan, risk assessment, planning measures) did not have any impact on absenteeism levels, which shows that we can fall into an unrealistic institutional mirage of security with active policies of co-education or co-management being necessary to reduce absenteeism.

scholarly journals eServices as a challenge for small municipalities - Slovak Republic experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
Silvia Ručinská ◽  
Miroslav Fečko
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
The City

Cities are using smart city and eGovernment solutions as modern trends also to enhance the management of the city and to get the citizens and entrepreneurs more engaged. Cities in the Slovak Republic are thus introducing ICT based services in order to cope with legal state obligations and also as a natural decision based on specific needs of the municipality. eGovernment developed and introduced on the national level by the state, combined with eServices at the municipality level, mutually lead to a modern, smart and better functioning city. The article is focused on current Slovak Republic’s experiences in the field of eGovernment, more concretely on the provision of eServices in small municipalities, which make up the majority of the entire municipalities in the Slovak Republic.

scholarly journals Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261061
Author(s):  
Diego Casas-Deza ◽  
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde ◽  
Angel Nicolás Aranda-Alonso ◽  
Enrique Montil-Miguel ◽  
Ana Belen Julián-Gomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Age Related

Background Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. Methods The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. Results We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. Conclusion The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.

scholarly journals Mechanism and Prevention and Control of Mine Earthquake in Thick and Hard Rock Strata considering the Horizontal Stress Evolution of Stope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Xuelong Hu ◽  
Hongtao Huang ◽  
Guangyao Chen ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Mining Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rock Strata

This study investigated the mechanism, prevention measures, and control methods for earthquake disasters typically occurring in mines with thick and hard rock strata. A mine stope with large faults and thick hard rock strata in Hebei Province was taken as the background study object. Then, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were adopted in conjunction with field monitoring to explore how horizontal stress evolves in the thick and hard hanging roofs of such mines, potentially leading to mining earthquakes. Then, based on the obtained results, a mining design method was proposed to reduce the horizontal stress levels of earthquake mitigation. The results showed that, under the control of large faults, semiopen and semiclosed stopes with thick hard rock strata are formed, which cause influentially pressurized and depressurized zones during the evolution of the overburden movements and horizontal stress. It was determined that the stress concentrations mainly originated from the release and transfer of horizontal stress during the rock fractures and movements in the roof areas, which were calculated using a theoretical estimation model. The horizontal stress concentrations formed “counter torques” at both ends of the thick and hard strata, which prevented the support ending due to tensile failures. As a result, the limit spans were increased. This study proposed a mining strategy of using narrow working faces, strip mining processes, and reasonable mining speeds, which could effectively reduce horizontal stress concentrations and consequently prevent and control mining earthquakes. This study’s research results were successfully applied to the mining practices in working face 16103.

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