scholarly journals TELAAH BUKU ARGUMENTASI KESETARAAN GENDER PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN KARYA NASARUDDIN UMAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Nasitotul Janah
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Relationships ◽  
Universal Principles

<p class="IIABSTRAK333">Nasarudin Umar is an Indonesian Muslim scholar who has concerns on the issue of gender relations. He contributes many reflective thoughts, including the book entitled Argumentasi Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif al-Qur’an. This research is motivated by his intellectual anxiety toward Qur'anic texts that are often used as a tool of legitimacy and justification by patriarchalism. This notion has gender biased and misogynous thought in which puts women as the second actor in ritual and social contexts. On the other hand, Nasarudin assumes that gender inequality does not come from the character of religion itself but it refers to the understanding of religious thought that has been influenced by social construction. In addition, he argues that there is still ambiguity of the Qur'an inter­pretation on whether gender is a nature or a dynamic nurture (social construction). To understand the authenticity of Qur'anic perspectives, Nasarudin conducted a research on the Qur'an verses that discuss male and female relationships by applying thematic analysis (called Tafsir Maudlui) with various approaches such as semantic-linguistic, normative-theological and socio-historical. The result showed that the Qur'an does not expressly support the two gender paradigms of either nature or nurture. It only accommo­dates certain elements within the two theories that are in line with the universal principles of Islam. Generally, the Qur'an recognizes the distinction between men and women but the distinction does not benefit one party while marginalizes the other. The distinction is needed precisely to support the harmonious and balanced, safe, and peaceful life and full of virtue.</p><p class="IIABSTRAK333" align="center">_________________________________________________________</p><p align="justify">Nasarudin Umar adalah cendekiawan muslim Indonesia yang me­miliki concern terhadap persoalan relasi gender. Ia banyak mem­berikan kontribusi pemikiran-pemikiran reflektif, diantaranya Buku Argumentasi Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif Alqur’an. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kegelisahan intelektualnya karena teks-teks al-Qur’an sering dipakai sebagai alat legitimasi dan justifikasi paham patriarkhism yang bias gender dan sarat misoginis yang menempat­kan perempuan sebagai the second dalam konteks ritual maupun sosial. Nasarudin berasumsi bahwa ketidakadilan gender bukanlah bersumber dari watak agama itu sendiri namun berasal dari pe­mahaman dan pemikiran keagamaan yang dipengaruhi oleh kon­struksi social. Menurutnya, masih terjadi ambiguitas penafsiran al-Qur’an tentang apakah gender itu bersifat nature (kodrati) ataukah bersifat nuture (konstruksi social) yang dinamis. Untuk memahami autentisitas perspektif al-Qur’an, Nasarudin melakukan penelitian terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang membahas tetang relasi laki-laki dan perempuan dengan menggunakan analisis tematik (<em>tafsir maudhui</em>) dengan berbagai pendekatan seperti semantic-linguistik, normatif-teologis maupun sosio historis. Hasil­nya, al-Qur’an tidak secara tegas menyatakan dukungan terhadap kedua paradigma gender baik <em>nature</em> maupun <em>nurture</em>. Al-Qur’an hanya meng­ako­modir unsur-unsur tertentu yang terdapat dalam dua teori yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip universal Islam. Secara umum al-Qur’an mengakui adanya perbedaan (distinction) antara laki-laki dan perempuan tetapi perbedaan itu tidak meng­untungkan salah satu pihak dan memarjinalkan pihak yang lain. Per­­bedaan itu diperlukan justru untuk mendukung obsesi al-Qur’an tentang ke­hidup­an harmonis, seimbang, aman, tenteram serta penuh kebajikan.</p>

scholarly journals The Gender Equality Argument of Nasaruddin Umar

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Neny Muthi'atul Awwaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Relationships ◽  
Universal Principles

Nasarudin Umar is an Indonesian Muslim scholar who has concerns about the issue of gender relations. He contributes many reflective thoughts, including the book entitled Argumentasi Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif al-Qur'an (Gender equality argument from the perspective of Qur’an). This research is motivated by his intellectual anxiety toward Qur'anic texts that are often used as a tool of legitimacy and justification by patriarchalism. This notion has gender-biased and misogynous thought that places women as the secondactor in ritual and social contexts. In his research, Nasarudin assumes that gender inequality does not come from the character of religion, but it refers to the understanding of religious thought influenced by social construction. Also, he argues that there is still ambiguity of the Qur'an interpretation on whether gender is nature or dynamic nurture (social construction). To understand the authenticity of Qur'anic perspectives, Nasarudin researched the Qur'an verses that discuss male and female relationships by applying thematic analysis (called Tafsir Maudlui) with various approaches such as semantic-linguistic, normative-theological, and socio-historical. The result showed that the Qur'an does not expressly support the two gender paradigmsof either nature or nurture. It only accommodates certain elements within the two theories that are in line with the universal principles of Islam. Generally, the Qur'an recognizes the distinction between men and womenbut the distinction does not benefit one party while marginalizing the other. The distinction is needed precisely to support the harmonious, balanced, safe, full of virtue, and peaceful life.

Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759–1797)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Khin Zaw
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Justice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Social

Wollstonecraft used the rationalist and egalitarian ideas of late eighteenth-century radical liberalism to attack the subjugation of women and to display its roots in the social construction of gender. Her political philosophy draws on Rousseau’s philosophical anthropology, rational religion, and an original moral psychology which integrates reason and feeling in the production of virtue. Relations between men and women are corrupted by artificial gender distinctions, just as political relations are corrupted by artificial distinctions of rank, wealth and power. Conventional, artificial morality distinguishes between male and female virtue; true virtue is gender-neutral, consists in the imitation of God, and depends on the unimpeded development of natural faculties common to both sexes, including both reason and passion. Political justice and private virtue are interdependent: neither can advance without an advance in the other.

Toward Understanding the Contributions of Sex and Situation to Behavior in a College Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Nancy Lipsitt ◽  
Rose R. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Female Subjects

The relative contribution of sex and situation has become a contested issue in the understanding of sex differences in behavior. In the present study, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates were asked to describe their behavior and thoughts in six everyday college situations. Three of the situations were constructed to be typically male and three typically female in content. The results indicate that men and women demonstrate sex-specific characteristics in their responses regardless of the type of situation presented. Men exhibited concern with separateness from others, while women exhibited concern with sustaining connection to others, even when faced with situations described to present demand properties that might be expected specifically to elicit the concern characteristic of the other sex. However, for these students the situation also made a difference: female-defined situations elicited the most masculine responses for both male and female subjects.

Controlling intimacy: Sexual scripts among men and women in prostitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Järvinen ◽  
Theresa Dyrvig Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
And Control

Inspired by sexual scripting theory, this article analyses intimacy and control in prostitution. The authors identify two strategies for maintaining control among male and female sex sellers. The first strategy is to restrict prostitution to relationships with as much sexual reciprocity as possible. The other is to maintain sexual/emotional distance from customers – yet often acting the opposite. The article questions prevailing stereotypes about male sex sellers being more agentic and autonomous than female sex sellers, arguing that control in prostitution can be achieved (and lost) in different ways. The analysis shows how scripting theory – with its differentiation between the cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic levels of scripting – may be used to understand variations and contradictions in prostitution experiences. The article is based on 36 qualitative interviews with men and women in escort services, clinic prostitution and prostitution in private apartments in Denmark.

African Masculinities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubueze L. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Gender System

As a system of identity, African masculinity is much more than a cluster of norms, values, and behavioral patterns expressing explicit and implicit expectations of how men should act and represent themselves to others. It also refers to more than how African male bodies, subjectivities, and experiences are constituted in specific historical, cultural, and social contexts. African masculinities, as historical subjects embodying distinctive socially constructed gender and sexual identities, have been both male and female. By occupying a masculine sociopolitical position, embodying masculine social traits, and performing cultural deeds socially construed and symbolized as masculine, African men and women have constituted masculinity. Across various African societies and times, there have been multiple and conflicting notions of masculinities, promoted by local and foreign institutions, and there have been ceaseless contestations and synergies among the various forms of hegemonic, subordinate, and subversive African masculinities. Men and women have frequently brought their own agendas to bear on the political utility of particular notions of masculinity. Through such performances of masculinity, Africans have constantly negotiated the institutional power dynamics of gender relations. So, the question is not whether Africans worked with gender binaries, because they did. As anthropologist John Wood puts it, African indigenous logic of gender becomes evident in the juxtaposition, symbolic reversals, and interrelation of opposites. Rather, one should ask, why and how did African societies generate a fluid gender system in which biological sex did not always correspond to gender, such that anatomically male and female persons could normatively occupy socially constructed masculine and feminine roles and vice versa? And how did African mutually constitutive gender and sexuality constructions shape African societies?

androgyny

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Object Choice ◽  
The One ◽  
Sexual Object

In the modern use, “bisexuality” refers to sexual object choice, whereas “androgyny” refers to sexual identity. In ancient Greece and Rome, however, these terms sometimes refer to human beings born with characteristics of both sexes, and more frequently to an adult male who plays the role of a woman, or to a woman who has the appearance of a man, both physically and morally. In mythology, having both sexes simultaneously or successively characterises, on the one hand, the first human beings, animals, or even plants from which arose male and female, and on the other, mediators between human beings and gods, the living and the dead, men and women, past and future, and human generations. Thus androgyny and bisexuality were used as a tools to cope with one’s biological, social, and even fictitious environment.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTING GENDER IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NIKE SPORTSWEAR BRAND: THE NEW WOMEN AND THE SAME MEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Elvira V. Solodukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Gender Images ◽  
Female Audience

Relevance of the study. Researches of advertising and media are important components of social and cultural research, as it allows to take a critical look at gender images that exist not only in the media, but also in the public consciousness. We chose Nike for the study because of two reasons. First, they purposefully use a gender approach. The brand chooses its models based on what gender issues they can attract attention to. Secondly, Nike is the global brand that influences consumers in many countries, including Russia, setting not only fashion trends, but also lifestyle and values. Purpose. To demonstrate what gender images and standards the Nike brand uses to construct gender in the social network Instagram. Methodology. The research is based on the theory of social construction of gender, critical studies of advertising and the theory of postfeminism. Main methods: content analysis and comparative analysis. Research result. Analysis of the visual content of the Nike brand account in Instagram allowed us to draw the following conclusions: 1. Nike, like many clothing brands, on the one hand, demonstrates the binary of “male” and “female” in its media. They focus on “women's” as discriminated against by society and an issue that needs to be discussed. On the other hand, by making both men and women heroes and putting them in the context of “competition and victory”, Nike unites them and erases the gender boundaries. 2. The image of a man in Nike remains within the existing stereotypes, and the image of a woman shows the duality: on the one hand, she acquires masculine characteristics, on the other – she strives to preserve her femininity. This duality may be because the introduction of women into the masculine field (sport) deconstructs masculinity and turns masculine into universal. 3. The female audience feels the need for the new role models. If earlier in advertising there were two predominant types of women aimed at the female audience – the housewife and the beauty woman, now there is a third type – a feminist woman who claims for the previously male spheres. Nike, in their social networks, strive to meet the requirements of postfeminism in sports, where equality is embodied through the accessibility of all sports and the uniqueness of each gender through gender issues. 4. The gender of all brand characters is still built through two poles: male and female. Cisgender individuals have their own explicit gender characteristic in the brand, and a transgender man and woman with high testosterone levels, according to World Athletics, protect their right to be a “man” or a “woman”. This again leads to a discussion about the binary division of gender. Conclusions. In the context of the presence of men and women in the main brand account, a woman is positioned as an equal player to a man, but at the same time discriminated against. Women in this account, on the one hand are in the field of sports, heroism, leadership (the field of traditionally masculine characteristics), but on the other hand, should be focused on women's issues, and such a new issue is postfeminism, which constructs the new woman. In the context of a women's account, where you no longer need to compete with a man, the brand delves more into the topic of “femininity”. Feminism is also important here, but it is no longer necessary to reach so far for equality with men. Here you can see another facet of post-feminism-the emphasis on femininity as itself important and unique. This uniqueness can be expressed by women's sexuality and physicality. We assume that in the future, global brands such as Nike will continue to look for images for genders that go beyond the binary order. This may lead to an increase in gender-neutral collections, but the advantage, in our opinion, will remain, on the contrary, for the expansion and uniqueness of genders, since this gives a variety of examples for identification. This will primarily be influenced by public thought and values, especially the feminist and LGBT movements, as they set the gender agenda.

scholarly journals KONTEKSTUALISASI DAN HARMONISASI KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM REALITAS SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
M Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cultural Barrier ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Domestic Roles

The issue of men and women is very interesting when connected with Islamic discourse, which is indeed one component in various social, cultural and even  political changes. Various efforts have been made to develop these issues starting from the deconstruction of the Islamic treasure to its reconstruction efforts. One of the subjects of study is the problem of male and female relations. In the context of these relations, men are always perceived as having a public role area and women are considered as the rulers and determinants of domestic roles. Therefore, both are assumed to have different areas of self-actualization.This cultural barrier, according to feminists, is a cultural and cultural heritage both from primitive society, agrarian society, and modern society. On the other hand a lot of understanding of the text was found to strengthen and even contribute to perpetuating the construction of the culture, which notes that the texts were derived from patriarchal Arabic culture, so that the interpretation is always gender-biased. Whereas in different approaches there are many texts which actually support the equality of relations between men and women.

scholarly journals FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE AND ITS MANY CORNERS: BUILDING A SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE INDIAN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Raveena S Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Feminist Jurisprudence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indian Scenario

This paper tends to explore the various branches of the Feminist Jurisprudence and its inter-section with the other disciplines. To understand the socio-legal nuances involved in the concept of achieving a gender just framework there is a need to analyze the vast scholarly literature available on the subject. Therefore, an attempt has been made to conceptualize the problem of gender inequality existing between the relations of men and women in the Indian society. And finally connecting the scope of this analysis for building a contemporary understanding of the concept of Gender Justice paradigm in the Indian scenario. KEYWORDS: Feminist Jurisprudence, Gender, Gender-relations, Intersectionality, Gender Justice.

Elite Male and Female 800-m Runners’ Display of Different Pacing Strategies During Season-Best Performances

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Filipas ◽  
Emiliano Nerli Ballati ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To analyze the pacing profiles of the world’s top 800-m annual performances between 2010 and 2016, comparing men’s and women’s strategies. Methods: A total of 142 performances were characterized for overall race times and 0-to-200-m, 200-to-400-m, 400-to-600-m, and 600-to-800-m split times using available footage from YouTube. Only the best annual performance for each athlete was considered. Overall race and split speed were calculated so that each lap speed could be expressed as a percentage of the mean race speed. Results: The mean speed of the men’s 800-m was 7.73 (0.06) m·s−1, with the 0-to-200-m split faster than the others. After the first split, the speed decreased significantly during the 3 subsequent splits (P < .001). The mean speed of the women’s 800-m was 6.77 (0.05) m·s−1, with a significative variation in speed during the race (P < .001). The first split was faster than the others (P < .001). During the rest of the race, speed was almost constant, and no difference was observed between the other splits. Comparison between men and women revealed that there was an interaction between split and gender (P < .001), showing a different pacing behavior in 800-m competitions. Conclusions: The world’s best 800-m performances revealed an important difference in the pacing profile between men and women. Tactics could play a greater role in this difference, but physiological and behavioral characteristics are likely also important.

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