scholarly journals ON SOME RESULTS OF THE ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES BASED ON THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE XVII – XVIII CENTURY KUZNETSK

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
S. S. Onischenko ◽  
Y. V. Shirin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article presents the analysis of faunal collections obtained during the excavation of the Kuznetsk in 2012 and dated to the XVII – XVIII centuries. There were studied 1534 remains of domestic and wild mammals, birds and fish. The result shows the similarities and differences in the structure of asynchronous zooarchaeological assemblage, synchronous of household buildings and cultural layers outside, peculiarities of formation of bone-bearing sediments at different sites and zoogenic impact on these processes. As for animal remains, cows and pigs prevailed; as for fish, the leading role belonged to the sturgeon. It is assumed that the main elements of the economic structure of the settlers were house cattle breeding, fishing and occasionally hunting for moose, bear, fox, hare, and wild birds. The settlers also had dogs, cats, sheep, horses, chicken. The analysis results are discussed  in  the  context  of  distinctions  of  life  of  separate  microsocieties,  vertical and horizontal relocation of bone residues and their transformation. 

scholarly journals Wild Mammals in the Economy of Wrocław (Poland) as an Example of a Medieval and Modern Era City in the Light of Interdisciplinary Research

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2562
Author(s):  
Marta Pietruszka ◽  
Jerzy Piekalski
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Cultural Layers

The purpose of this article was to determine the role of wild animals in the economy of a historical city on the basis of archaeological and cultural layers of medieval and early modern Wrocław from the 11th to the 17th century. Archaeozoological analyses were applied, mainly encompassing the percentage share of particular animal species and the research of material culture, i.e., items manufactured from bones, antlers and hides of wild animals. The collected data were compared with written sources. As a result of the following analysis, a low but stable frequency of bone remains in urban layers and is evidence for occasional breaching of the medieval hunting laws by burghers, possibly driven by the opportunity to sell meat and other wild animal products on the markets. Moreover, the relatively low amounts of items made from bones, antlers and wild animal leather may indicate low availability or seasonality (shed antler) of the materials, which might have indirectly raised the product price. Additionally, the area around Wrocław did not feature large forest complexes, which are habitats of wild game, thus explaining the low frequency of wild animal remains in the archaeozoological material.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Early Holocene large mammals from the territory of Bulgaria according to remains from archaeological sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Karastoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Early Holocene ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Good Sample ◽  
Major Factors

Animal remains from archeological sites give a rather good sample of data, showing habitats and biodiversity during the early Holocene . In multiple settlements in the Eastern Balkans, there are numerous remains of wild mammals that were hunted by humans through the prehistory (7200-5800 BP). This gives a general idea of the habitats around and near the settlements. Such deposits of animal remains are the main source of data on fauna during this period and give us information on the processes leading to the extinction of some species. This paper analyzes more than 26000 animal remains (bones, horns, antlers and teeth) from large mammals from orders: Аrtiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora from 4 still unpublished deposits from Bulgaria. I summarize data from already published remains from 33 sites in East Balkans. These analyses provide a general picture of both habitats and biodiversity and some of the major factors that caused extinction of some large mammals in Bulgaria during the early Holocene.

ON THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON CONSTRUCTING SAMARA FORTRESS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Daria Igorevna VASILIEVA ◽  
Margarita Nikolaevna BARANOVA ◽  
Andrey Valentinovich MALTZEV
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Town ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The paper goes into the questions of environmental safety and structures protection from hazardous geological phenomena and processes taking Samara fortress of the XVIII century as an example. The authors studied the effects of geological and geomorphological characteristics of the territory on the construction of Samara fortress of the XVIII century. The main object of the study are cultural layers, earth mounds and ancient wooden structures in the archaeological excavations of 2013-2014. The researches analyzed the structure and properties of ancient cultural layers and peculiarities of fortification structures. They also investigated the possible effect of ancient cultural layers and their properties on the use of the town site nowadays.

scholarly journals The semantic field human states and emotions in French and Serbian phrasemes with birds' names

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Stefan Zdravković ◽  
Ivan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences

In this article are analysed French and Serbian phrasemes with names of birds by using the contrastive approach in order to show all the similarities and differences that appear on semantic and linguocultural plan. The subject of our research consists of French and Serbian phrasemes that have names of domestic and wild birds (caille, canard, cane, coq, dindon, épervier, grive, linotte, merle, merlette, oiseau, pie, pinson, poule, poulet d'Inde, poussin, vrabac, vrana, gavran, golub, guska, ždral, živina, kokoš(ka), kukavica, patka, pile, prepelica, ptica, ševa). The reason for choosing these zoonymic components is based on the fact that many birds live in close human neighbourhood and they are present for centuries in his everyday life, so the birds' names have become the part of phrasemes in French and in Serbian language. The study provides a better view of the reconstruction of the linguistic image of the world in the minds of French and Serbian speakers, as well as the nature of their relationship to the concepts presented by the phrasemes with the names of birds belonging to the semantic field HUMAN STATES AND EMOTIONS. By relying on linguocultural method of A. Wierzbicka and Kleiber's theory of semantic fields we classified the analysed corpus among 15 semantic subfields depending on the concept that they represent: SADNESS, HAPPINESS, UNHAPPINESS, INDIFFERENCE, LOVE, FREEDOM, DISCOURAGEMENT, CONFUSION, DISPUTE, LOSS OF MIND, FEAR, DRUNKENNESS, STATE OF DEATH, MAN'S FINANCIAL SITUATION, MAN'S MARITAL STATUS.

scholarly journals Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Rosa Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Guillermo Juárez-Fernández ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Paula Eguizábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
One Health ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Spa Types

Background: The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA in wild animals is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. Objective: In this study, we determined the pooled prevalence of nasal, tracheal and/or oral (NTO) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage in wild animals, with a special focus on mecA and mecC genes as well as the frequency of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of the lineages CC398 and CC130 in wild animals. Methodology: This systematic review was executed on cross-sectional studies that reported S. aureus and MRSA in the NTO cavities of wild animals distributed in four groups: non-human primates (NHP), wild mammals (WM, excluding rodents and NHP), wild birds (WB) and wild rodents (WR). Appropriate and eligible articles published (in English) between 1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021 were searched for from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciElo and Web of Science. Results: Of the 33 eligible and analysed studies, the pooled prevalence of NTO S. aureus and MRSA carriage was 18.5% (range: 0–100%) and 2.1% (range: 0.0–63.9%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in WM, NHP, WB and WR groups was 15.8/1.6, 32.9/2.0, 10.3/3.4 and 24.2/3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of mecC-MRSA among WM/NHP/WB/WR was 1.64/0.0/2.1/0.59%, respectively, representing 89.9/0.0/59.1/25.0% of total MRSA detected in these groups of animals.The MRSA-CC398 and MRSA-CC130 lineages were most prevalent in wild birds (0.64 and 2.07%, respectively); none of these lineages were reported in NHP studies. The MRSA-CC398 (mainly of spa-type t011, 53%), MRSA-CC130 (mainly of spa types t843 and t1535, 73%), MSSA-CC398 (spa-types t571, t1451, t6606 and t034) and MSSA-CC130 (spa types t843, t1535, t3625 and t3256) lineages were mostly reported. Conclusion: Although the global prevalence of MRSA is low in wild animals, mecC-mediated resistance was particularly prevalent among MRSA isolates, especially among WM and WB. Considering the genetic diversity of MRSA in wild animals, they need to be monitored for effective control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Treatment and Rehabilitation of Wild Birds and Mammals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logman Aslan ◽  
Özdemir Adizel ◽  
Tunahan Sancak
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

Today, the ecosystem is being rapidly destroyed due to habitat loss, animal hunting, road construction, raising of transmission lines, general pollution, and agricultural activities, in addition to many other factors, all of which directly and indirectly affect wildlife. By necessity, rehabilitation units are available for the care and treatment of wild birds and mammals in need of life support. This paper discusses data collected regarding the treatment and rehabilitation of wild mammals and birds brought to the Center for Wildlife Conservation and Rehabilitation at Van Yüzüncü Yýl University from 2009-2016. During the course of the present study, total 145 wild animals including 117 birds and 28 mammals. Out of the total treated, 96 wild birds and 21 wild mammals recovered, 12 birds and 4 mammals died without responding to treatments, whereas 9 birds and 3 mammals were euthanized. Additionally, of the 96 birds and 21 mammals that recovered, 15 birds and 6 mammals were determined to be unable to survive in their natural habitats, and were sent to zoo gardens or wildlife conservation and rehabilitation centers. The remaining 96 animals that fully recovered were released back into their natural habitats.

Risk factors for the occurrence ofEscherichia colivirulence geneseae,stx1andstx2in wild bird populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1574-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. HUGHES ◽  
M. BENNETT ◽  
P. COFFEY ◽  
J. ELLIOTT ◽  
T. R. JONES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Ability To Act

SUMMARYShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) can cause serious disease in human beings. Ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir of human STEC infections. However, STEC have also been isolated from other domestic animals, wild mammals and birds. We describe a cross-sectional study of wild birds in northern England to determine the prevalence ofE. coli-containing genes that encode Shiga toxins (stx1and stx2) and intimin (eae), important virulence determinants of STEC associated with human disease. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified unique risk factors for the occurrence of each virulence gene in wild bird populations. The results of our study indicate that while wild birds are unlikely to be direct sources of STEC infections, they do represent a potential reservoir of virulence genes. This, coupled with their ability to act as long-distance vectors of STEC, means that wild birds have the potential to influence the spread and evolution of STEC.

The role and place of the General police in the system of local government of Siberia (the XVIII — beginning of XX century)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor' Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Police Functions

In the monograph developed by the scientific concept of local control of Siberia of XVIII — early XX century, according to which the military and administrative powers of the provincial government was transformed in the XVIII century in the administrative and police functions established within the framework of the Imperial legislation and implemented by the governors with extensive and specialized police apparatus. The original proposed judgment on the fact that the police from the time of its creation in the XVIII century, played a leading role in the system of local government of Siberia, in fact realizing the functions of the local administration. For researchers and teachers, masters and bachelors, as well as anyone interested in the history of the police and local administration.

Lionel Edward Aston Rowson, O.B.E. 28 May 1914 — 26 July 1989

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Polge
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Long Term Storage

L.E.A. Rowson was always known as Tim to his family, friends and colleagues alike. He was a veterinary surgeon who made important contributions to research in reproductive physiology in farm animals and its application to animal breeding. In particular, he was a pioneer of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer, which have become two of the most important technologies for livestock improvement in modern times.He was appointed Director of the first AI centre for cattle breeding in Britain, established at Cambridge in 1942, and played a leading role in the application and rapid growth of this technology. In 1952 he contributed to the development of successful methods for the freezing and long-term storage of bull semen at very low temperatures. This had far-reaching consequences for the future of AI and cattle breeding worldwide.For thirty years he also worked at the Animal Research Station in Cambridge on methods for embryo transfer in sheep and cattle and their use in research and breeding. This culminated in the 1970s with the development of effective methods for collection and transfer of cattle embryos by non-surgical means. The birth of the first calf after transfer of a deepfrozen embryo in 1973 was another landmark, and these advances led quite quickly to the commercial application of embryo transfer in cattle breeding.Tim Rowson is generally regarded as the founder of embryo transfer in farm animals, but important contributions were made by many collaborators. He always considered that he was privileged during his early years to have worked with Dr John (later Sir John) Hammond, F.R.S., who maintained that the function of applied science was to synthesize the detailed knowledge gained from fundamental research into a constructive whole so that it could be used for a specific purpose. Tim was a true disciple of this philosophy and always tried to relate a fundamental approach to a practical outcome.

scholarly journals A Rock Art Panel near the Village of Krasnyi Mak in the Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Alexander G., Gertsen ◽  
Anton A. Dushenko ◽  
Vladimir L. Ruev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age

Since there are a very few monuments of the Stone and Bronze Age art found in the Crimea, the discovery of a new object of the kind is an important event for local archaeology. This paper addresses a recently discovered site, the complex of rock paintings located in the south-western area of the Crimean foothills, on the western slope of the mountain of Kyzyk-Kulak-Kaia, which is a part of the Second (Inner) Range of the Crimean Mountains, south of the village of Krasnyi Mak, Bakhchisarai District. The rock paintings appeared in a grotto in rock on the western precipice of the mountain. The surface of the rock houses three compositions comprising anthropomorphic figures, images of beasts, and symbolic pictures. By all appearance, rock paintings of Kyzyk-Kulak-Kaia feature migrations of a cattle-breeding tribe, driving of a herd of horses, and the scene of a ritual performed by a shaman. The complex of images contains the main chronological components, wheeled carts and horse-riders, dating the paintings to the period no earlier than the Bronze Age. The dating of this complex by analogies is possible with the attraction of both a few parallels from the Crimea and also the finds from Khakassia and the Southern Ural area. This publication has also analysed semantic similarities and differences with the images from other Crimean archaeological sites such as the stations of Tash-Air and Alimova Ravine, a cist from the vicinity of the village of Dolinnoe in the Bakhchisarai District, and relief pictures on the steles uncovered near the villages of Kazanki and Bakhchi-Eli.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document