First time recording of seasonal prevalence of Cysticercus tenuuicollis among small ruminants at Matrouh City,Egypt.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.

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Estimating population and livestock density of mobile pastoralists and sedentary settlements in the south-eastern Lake Chad area

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2015.307 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vreni Jean-Richard ◽

Lisa Crump ◽

Abbani Alhadj Abicho ◽

Ali Abba Abakar ◽

Abdraman Mahamat II ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Population Density ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Dry Season ◽

Land Use Management ◽

Lake Chad ◽

Mobile Pastoralists ◽

Livestock Density ◽

Density Dynamics ◽

First Time

Mobile pastoralists provide major contributions to the gross domestic product in Chad, but little information is available regarding their demography. The Lake Chad area population is increasing, resulting in competition for scarce land and water resources. For the first time, the density of people and animals from mobile and sedentary populations was assessed using randomly defined sampling areas. Four sampling rounds were conducted over two years in the same areas to show population density dynamics. We identified 42 villages of sedentary communities in the sampling zones; 11 (in 2010) and 16 (in 2011) mobile pastoralist camps at the beginning of the dry season and 34 (in 2011) and 30 (in 2012) camps at the end of the dry season. A mean of 64.0 people per km2 (95% confidence interval, 20.3-107.8) were estimated to live in sedentary villages. In the mobile communities, we found 5.9 people per km2 at the beginning and 17.5 people per km2 at the end of the dry season. We recorded per km2 on average 21.0 cattle and 31.6 small ruminants in the sedentary villages and 66.1 cattle and 102.5 small ruminants in the mobile communities, which amounts to a mean of 86.6 tropical livestock units during the dry season. These numbers exceed, by up to five times, the published carrying capacities for similar Sahelian zones. Our results underline the need for a new institutional framework. Improved land use management must equally consider the needs of mobile communities and sedentary populations.

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Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and Goatpox Virus Co-Infection in Goats

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820926954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 550-553

Author(s):

Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi ◽

Kati Franzke ◽

Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji ◽

Reiner Ulrich ◽

Jens Peter Teifke

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽

Goatpox Virus ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽

Red Sokoto Goat ◽

First Time

Infection of small ruminants with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are endemic and can have devastating economic consequences in Asia and Africa. Co-infection with these viruses have recently been reported in goats and sheep in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated samples from the lips of a red Sokoto goat, and describe co-infection of keratinocytes with PPRV and GTPV using histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified histologically, and ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous large cytoplasmic viral factories containing poxvirus particles and varying sizes of smaller cytoplasmic inclusions composed of PPRV nucleocapsids. These histopathological and ultrastructural findings show concurrent infection with the 2 viruses for the first time as well as the detection of PPRV particles in epithelial cells of the mucocutaneous junction of the lip.

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Prevalence of different reproductive disorders of small ruminants in five upazillas of Mymensingh district

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i1.25501 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 74-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahammad Sultan ◽

Md Rashedul Islam ◽

Rakesh Kumer Yadav ◽

Rupaly Akhter ◽

Jalal Uddin Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Seasonal Prevalence ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

Retained Placenta ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Animal Resource ◽

Descriptive Statistical Analysis ◽

Clinical Cases

Small ruminants (goat and sheep) are economically important and promising animal resource in Bangladesh. Reproductive disorders of goat and sheep cause the great economic problems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of reproductive disorders in goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Records of reproductive disorders were collected from official stock book of different Upazillas veterinary hospitals of Mymensingh district during April 2010 to March 2011. Seasonal occurrences of reproductive disorders were also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence of different reproductive disorders of goat and sheep in five upazillas of Mymensingh district. Out of 4804 clinical cases, a total of 147 reproductive disorders of goat and sheep were screened out from datasheet of official stock book. Among the five upazila, the prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in Muktagacha (3.35%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.38%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders in all upazila was higher in sheep (4.12%) than goat (2.88%). Prevalence of reproductive disorders of goat was higher in Tarakanda (3.26%) and lower in Fulbaria (2.03%) and the prevalence of reproductive disorders of sheep was higher in Gaforgaon (5.22%) and lower in Haluaghat (3.15%). The major reproductive disorders recorded in goats were dystocia (41.2%), abortion (21.8%), mastitis (21.8%), retained placenta (11.8%) and pyometra (3.4%). Similarly, major reproductive disorders in sheep were dystocia (53.7%), abortion (25%), pyometra (7.1%), mastitis (7.1%) and retained placenta (7.1%). Moreover, seasonal prevalence of reproductive disorders was higher in summer than winter in the species, goat (57.14%) and sheep (12.25%). It was concluded that the most pressing constraint on goat and sheep reproduction in Bangladesh is dystocia, abortion and mastitis. Strategies should be taken to minimize their occurrence.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 74-79

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Dipteran species in agricultural region of eastern Thessaloniki

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15697 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Y. THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ) ◽

I. GEORGOULAKIS (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽

A. FOUNDA (Α. ΦΟΥΝΤΑ)

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽

Phormia Regina ◽

Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽

Agricultural Region ◽

Feta Cheese ◽

Phaenicia Sericata ◽

The One ◽

First Time ◽

Dipteran Species

In an agricultural region of Thessaloniki province, fly traps were placed, which contained substances in order to attract flies with the purpose to trap and identify them. The substances were, pieces offish, meat and feta cheese, sugar and faeces of small ruminants. Fifteen different flies species were trapped, of which, thirteen are mentioned in the international bibliography, as parasites, such as, Musca domestica, Muscina sp, Fannia sp, Phormia regina, Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata, Calliphora erythrocephala (vicina), Sarcophaga sp, Oestrus ovis, Gasterophillus sp, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia (Shiphona) irritans, Chrysops sp and Hydrotaea (Ophyra) spp and two, as no parasites, such as Drosophilla melanogaster and Apis mellifera. From the trapped flies, Hydrotaea sp, Muscina sp, Fannia sp and Phormia regina, were identified for the first time in Greece. From the substances which were used in order to attract the flies, the fish was the one that all flies showed preference to, in the greater number, while the rest of the substances they chose descending order, was meat, sugar and feta cheese. Finally, only one fly was found in the excrement of small ruminants.

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Seasonal Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants in YSR Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh, Indiash, India

International Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.5455/ijlr.20170720065235 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sirigireddy Sivajothi ◽

Bhavanam Reddy

Keyword(s):

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Seasonal Prevalence

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Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in small ruminants in Jordan

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.51.2.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 219-223

Author(s):

Wael Hananeh ◽

Myassar El-Ekish ◽

Rami Mukbel ◽

Zuhair Bani Ismail ◽

Mousa Daradka

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cytological Examination ◽

Awassi Sheep ◽

Nasal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Nasal Passages ◽

First Time

Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a viral-associated tumor of the secretory epithelium of the nasal passages of small ruminants. The tumor is locally invasive but not metastatic. Although disease prevalence (up to 15%) and geographic distribution have been reported in the literature throughout most of the world (except Australia and New Zealand), the disease has until now remained unreported in Jordan. In this report, we describe the occurrence, clinical signs, radiographic signs and pathological features of the disease in a series of cases in Awassi sheep (3 cases) and Damascus breed goats (2 cases) for the first time in Jordan. Overall, the affected animals were adults (3-5 years of age), all females, with variable degrees of facial and nasal deformities resulting in difficulty in respiration. Radiographic examination of the skull revealed soft tissue density mass originating in the nasal turbinate and invading the surrounding nasal structures. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirate indicated low-grade carcinoma. All animals were humanely euthanized and the nasal passages were explored. Variable size masses were removed and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma.

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Serological diagnosis and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii in goats and sheep in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120180086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 514-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eline Almeida Rodrigues de Souza ◽

Elaine Monalize Serafim de Castro ◽

Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽

Sérgio Santos Azevedo ◽

Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

First Time ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic agent transmitted mainly by small ruminants. In Brazil the disease has been classified as a notifiable disease since 2013, when human cases were reported. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of anti- Coxiella burnetii antibodies in goats and sheep in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Sera of 412 goats and 403 sheep from municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, were examined by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) against antigens of C. burnetii. Information about management variables (independent variables) that could be associated with the presence of the microorganism (dependent variables) were obtained from the supervisor of each farm. It was determined that 2.2% (9/412) of the goats and 2.1% (9/403) of the sheep had antibodies reactive to C. burnetii. The presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies was associated with the dry area of the Sequeiro (a region in the northern part of the municipality of Petrolina) (P = 0.025), male sheep (P = 0.020), and intensive goat breeding (P = 0.005). This study therefore showed the presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in goat and sheep, confirming for the first time that this agent is likely circulating among goat herds in the Caatinga Biome, semi-arid of Brazil.

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Isolation and Cultivation of a New Isolate of BTV-25 and Presumptive Evidence for a Potential Persistent Infection in Healthy Goats

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12090983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 983

Author(s):

Christina Ries ◽

Ursula Domes ◽

Britta Janowetz ◽

Jens Böttcher ◽

Katinka Burkhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Full Genome ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Experimental Inoculation ◽

Serological Surveillance ◽

First Time ◽

Goat Flock ◽

Edta Blood

Recently, several so-called “atypical” Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes were discovered, including BTV-25 (Toggenburg virus), in Switzerland. Most “atypical” BTV were identified in small ruminants without clinical signs. In 2018, two goats from a holding in Germany tested positive for BTV-25 genome by RT-qPCR prior to export. After experimental inoculation of the two goats with the BTV-25 positive field blood samples for generation of reference materials, viremia could be observed in one animal. For the first time, the BTV-25-related virus was isolated in cell culture from EDTA-blood and the full genome of isolate “BTV-25-GER2018” could be generated. BTV-25-GER2018 was only incompletely neutralized by ELISA-positive sera. We could monitor the BTV-25 occurrence in the respective affected goat flock of approximately 120 goats over several years. EDTA blood samples were screened with RT-qPCR using a newly developed BTV-25 specific assay. For serological surveillance, serum samples were screened using a commercial cELISA. BTV-25-GER2018 was detected over 4.5 years in the goat flock with intermittent PCR-positivity in some animals, and with or without concomitantly detected antibodies since 2015. We could demonstrate the viral persistence of BTV-25-GER2018 in goats for up to 4.5 years, and the first BTV-25 isolate is now available for further characterization.

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First Report of Rickettsia Asembonensis in Small Ruminants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1213907/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Van Lun Low ◽

Siti Sarah Azhar ◽

Tiong Kai Tan ◽

Premaalatha Bathmanaban ◽

Sazaly AbuBakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrate Synthase ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Farm Workers ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Limited Information ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Local Populace ◽

First Time

Abstract Rickettsioses is an emerging infectious disease in Southeast Asia caused by different organisms in the Rickettsiae bacterial tribe, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. There is limited information regarding the vertebrate hosts of Rickettsia spp. This study aims to detect and identify Rickettsia agents present in wildlife and domesticated animals in Malaysia using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing approach with phylogenetic analysis. Rickettsia sp. was detected in 2 (0.67%) of 300 animal blood samples. The positive samples were derived from a goat (5.56% of 18) and a sheep (2.22% of 45). Based on the analysis of the Rickettsia citrate synthase gene (gltA), both sequences demonstrated 99.64% sequence similarity to Rickettsia asembonensis, a species that is known to infect humans and macaques. This study reported for the first time the detection of R. asembonensis in sheep and goats in Malaysian farms, suggesting this species may be adapting in a wider range of animals, specifically farm animals, therefore, poses a zoonotic threat to the local populace particularly to the farm workers or animal handlers. The low infection rate of this pathogen yet is of public health importance highlighted the needs of continuous surveillance of emerging and reemerging pathogens among animal reservoirs.

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