scholarly journals Disputes about Imposed and Made-up Versions

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302-1325
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Lebedeva ◽  

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the work by Natalia Potapova “Speaking from their cells: discourse and political strategies of the Decembrists” published in 2017. The main argument of the author is that the investigation falsified the existence of the secret society, and the accused agreed with it as they believed they could express their political views in that way. Both sides of the process, as well as Emperor Nicolas I, at the same time were mostly concerned with the European press. The choice of sources in the book is quite peculiar. Natalia Potapova, criticizing Soviet researchers who focused only on the cases with most radical confessions, is very selective herself. She analyses only the primary interrogation centered around secret society membership. Аll the Decembrists’ memoirs telling about the secret societies are deemed unreliable, and all the historical documents on the topic written before 1825 are treated as non-existing. The materials of the European press, predominantly the British, are widely used in order to model the Russian public opinion as the author believes we lack other information about it. Examining the methods, arguments and conclusions of the author, this article demonstrates that the author’s conception is not convincing, not provedб and contradicts the sources. The author’s interpretation of the last is often arbitrary and not based upon the source study, and it uncritically projects the modern situations and beliefs to the beginning of the 19th century. Thus, the work by Natalia Potapova is not, in the strictest sense, a historical research.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-224
Author(s):  
David Emmanuel Singh

This paper focusses on the first two volumes of Pundit Lekhramji’s collected works, kulliyat. Its main argument is that contrary to the position of Ahmadis and secondary scholarship, Lekhram did not deserve to be labelled ‘malicious’ or a ‘radical’ principally responsible for communalism. Jones is a fine scholar, but he may have allowed the perspective particularly rife among Ahmadis to colour his view of Lekhram. Besides, his view of Lekhram was only partial in that it relied largely on the material which forms part of volume 3 of kulliyat. What drove Lekhram was a need he saw for ‘pastoral’ support for the supposed ‘insiders’ – the protection of a reimagined Hindu community (which included local converts to Christianity) from what he saw as the sustained campaigns of proselytization and polemical tracts. The intent was not necessarily to dialogue with Christian missionaries or padres but to persuade Indian converts to Christianity to ‘return home’. Lekhram’s attempts at ‘exposing’ Christianity however remained equally superficial as the padres’. However, in so doing he was not blind to issues in his own scriptures/traditions, something that requires another paper to elaborate


1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
J. A. Le Loux-Schuringa

Summary In this paper some theories on tenses are described. These theories appeared in the Netherlands in the first half of the 19th century. The purpose is not just describing the different tense-systems of P. Weiland (1805), W. Bilderdijk (1826), W. G. Brill (1846) and L. A. te Winkel (1866). In the first half of the 19th century some fundamental changes took place. It is shown that these changes are based upon continuity of research of time and tense in the Dutch tradition. This continuity is found on three levels: (a) The research was concentrated on the verbal forms, no other information from the sentence was used. (b) The grammarians took the relationship between linguistic forms and logical categories as a one-to-one relation. (c) The morphological form of the Dutch language determined the grammatical representation of the tense-systems more and more.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Shin ◽  
Jong Ha Hong

From the end of the 15th century, syphilis spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Venereal syphilis has been a major research topic, not only in clinical medicine but also in paleopathology, especially because it is a disease of questionable origin and of high prevalence until the discovery of antibiotics. Syphilis in history has been studied extensively in Europe and the Americas, though less so in Asia. In this review, based on extant historical documents and available paleopathological data, we pinpoint the introduction and trace the spread of venereal syphilis in Korea to the end of the 19th century. This review provides


2021 ◽  
pp. 187936652110663
Author(s):  
Dmitry Mikhailov ◽  
Nikolay Ternov

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the nationally motivated ethnocultural concepts of the 19th century, based on the interpretation of Siberian peoples` history. Finnish nationalism was looking for the ancestral home of the Finns in Altai and tried to connect them with the Turkic-Mongol states of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Under the influence of the cultural and historical theories of regional experts, the Siberian national discourse itself began to form, which was especially clearly manifested in the example of the genesis of Altai nationalism. Russian great-power nationalism sought to make Slavic history more ancient and connected it with the prestigious Scythian culture. If we rely on the well-known periodization of the development of the national movement of M. Khrokh, then in the theory of the Finns` Altai origin, we can distinguish features characteristic of phase “B,” when the cultural capital of nationalism gradually turns into political. In turn, the historical research of the regional specialists illustrates the earliest stage in the emergence of the national movement, the period of nationalism not only without a nation but also without national intellectuals. The oblasts are forming the very national environment, which does not yet have the means for its own expression, but it obviously contains separatist potential. At the same time, both the Finnish and Siberian patriots, with their scientific research, solved the same ideological task—to include the objects of their research in the world cultural and historical context, to achieve recognition of their right to a place among European nations. However, Florinsky’s theory, performing the function of the official propaganda, is an example of the manifestation of state unifying nationalism, with imperial connotations characteristics of Russia.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Mike Calver

Recently, an academic colleague showed me a letter of complaint from an undergraduate student who demanded to know why faculty continued to set expensive textbooks for students to purchase when the material needed ?is all available for free on the internet?. At one level, the student has a point. The internet is a rich and growing source of text, images, videos, interactive freeware and more of great value to teaching and research. For example, many government reports and statistical databases are available online rather than in print and online historical documents are now accessible to anyone rather than just those few with the opportunity to access physical archives (e.g., my personal favourites http:// showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln.html and http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/). Furthermore, increasing numbers of peer-reviewed research papers are available via open access, whereby authors, their institutions, or their granting bodies pay or provide a repository through which papers are available online for free to readers. Some granting bodies insist on open access for all published work arising from their support and some professional societies have gone to great lengths to place journal back issues online, in some cases back to the 19th century (e.g., the Searchable Ornithological Research Archive, http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/). Despite these advances, there can be worms in this apple of knowledge.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Diomar Das Graças Motta

Eventos que abordam pesquisas e experiências tem se multiplicado atualmente. Uns poucos têm mostrado os seus atores, dentre estes os intelectuais, presentes na construção do debate educacional. Quando mostrados, a ausência da mulher-professora é sentida. Esta ausência tem conduzido nossos estudos. Na oportunidade, destacamos os elementos que lhe excluem deste contingente, apresentando sua voz, em fontes pouco usuais, na pesquisa histórica. Os estudos de Bourdieu (1993) e Boudon (1993) nos ajudam a dar vez ao sujeito mulher- professora, enquanto intelectual, no debate educacional maranhense a partir do século XIX. Sua incursão neste debate, ainda que muitas das vezes como coadjuvante, decorre de fatores científico, social e político. Fatores possibilitados, graças aos movimentos libertários, que deram ênfase a liberdade, a independência e a igualdade da mulher, ensejando sua participação intelectual na construção historiográfica das questões educacionais. Quer como intelectual por qualificação, ou por atributos que lhe conferem um mínimo de consciência e de identidade.Palavras–Chave: Intelectuais. Mulher - professora. Debate educacional. Construção histórica.INTELLECTUAL AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL DEBATE: the perspective of the female subject teacherAbstract: Events that address research and experiences have multiplied today. A few have shown their actors, among them the intellectuals, present in the construction of the educational debate. When shown, the absence of the woman-teacher is felt. This absence has led our studies. In the opportunity, we highlight the elements that exclude him from this contingent, presenting his voice, in unusual sources, in historical research. Bourdieu's (1993) and Boudon's (1993) studies help us to give the female-teacher subject, as an intellectual, time in the educational debate in Maranhão from the 19th century. Its incursion in this debate, although often as an adjunct, stems from scientific, social and political factors. Possible factors, thanks to the libertarian movements, which emphasized the freedom, independence and equality of women, allowing their intellectual participation in the historiographic construction of educational issues. Whether as an intellectual by qualification, or by attributes that give him a minimum of consciousness and identity.Keywords: Intellectuals. Woman - Teacher. Educational Debate. Historical Construction.INTELECTUALES Y CONSTRUCCIÓN HISTORICA DEL DEBATE EDUCATIVO: la perpectiva del sujeto mujer profesora Resumen: Eventos que la investigación y experiencia de dirección ahora se ha multiplicado. Unos pocos han mostrado sus actores, entre ellos intelectuales, presentes en la construcción del debate educativo. Cuando se muestra, la ausencia de mujeres y maestros se sentía. Esta ausencia ha llevado a nuestros estudios. En esa ocasión, se destacan los elementos que ha excluido de este contingente, con su voz, en las fuentes inusuales, en la investigación histórica. Los estudios de Bourdieu (1993) y Boudon (1993) nos ayudará a dar tiempo a la maestra mujer-objeto, como intelectual, en Maranhão debate educativo a partir del siglo XIX. Su incursión en este debate, aunque a menudo como un complemento, el resultado de factores científicos, sociales y políticos. factores posibles gracias a los movimientos de liberación, que enfatizaban la libertad, la independencia y la igualdad de las mujeres, lo que permite su participación intelectual en la construcción historiográfica de los problemas educativos. Ya sea como intelectual por la cualificación, o los atributos que le dan un mínimo de conciencia y de identidad.Palabras clave: Los intelectuales. Mujeres - maestros. Debate educativo. Construcción histórica. 


Paleo-aktueel ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Yftinus van Popta

This must be in the newspaper! Archaeo-historical research into the wreck of a 19th century sailing barge on the Zuiderzee. This paper focuses on a flat-bottomed sailing barge (known as a tjalk) built in the 19th-century that was wrecked on the Zuiderzee, the Netherlands. The wreck of the tjalk was discovered and excavated in the 1970s on lot ZQ 18 near Zeewolde (province of Flevoland). Inside the wreck, hundreds of objects were discovered, including more than 30 scraps of printed paper that were initially interpreted as being part of a bible. New research, based on keyword analyses in digital archives, has revealed the identity of almost all of these scraps. Most of them come from several editions (1890 and 1892) of the local newspaper, called the Nieuwe Veendammer Courant. Clearly, the ship was connected to the surroundings of Veendam. This newly available information was successfully used to examine historical records that mentioned shipwrecks on the Zuiderzee from 1892 onwards. The shipwreck ZQ 18 turned out to be that of the Drie Gezusters, owned by captain W. Meijer of Wildervank, which sank on the Zuiderzee during the night of June 19, 1893.


1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Schulz

Within fifty years of the first European settlement in Sacramento, California, the first archaeological, archival, and oral historical research was conducted to reconstruct Sutter's Fort. Since then, numerous projects have been undertaken to reconstruct the 19th century architecture of the city. Current research, however, focuses upon the structure of 19th century urban life in the different aspects of the city's development.


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