scholarly journals On some tendencies in the grammar of news text on electronic news portals: The dissolution of the subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408
Author(s):  
Eleonora R. Lassan ◽  

The article deals with some general grammatical peculiarities of news texts on the Yandex por tal. According to the author, they reflect the present-day tendencies in the identified sphere. Following Van Dijk, the author examines text as a macrostructure with certain sequences of sentences. The present-day news text has a heterogeneous structure formed through the combination of the voices of the author and those who convey “the words of others” and act as immediate participants of the defined situation. The change in punctuation used to convey the speech of others in Russian texts highlighted by the author may have happened under the influence of English punctuation. This change creates a new pattern for the conveyance of the speech of others, according to which the boundaries between “one’s own” and “somebody else’s” words blur, with the role of the author becoming weaker. The voice of others represented in different ways, i. e., through the use of direct and indirect speech with various modification and the author’s interpretation of the Other’s words, becomes dominant in the news text. Due to the repetition of the same thought through the use of different means the news text quits being informatively impeccable. On the basis of the analysis of the syntactic structure of the news texts headlines, the author points out the frequency of indefinite-personal sentences.

Author(s):  
Tsymbalista L.R.

Валентність предиката має вирішальний вплив на структуру речення. Хоча активний і пасивний варіанти речення опису-ють одну й ту ж ситуацію, предикат проходить крізь трансформацію, яка тісно пов’язана з явищем валентності. У цій статті проаналізовано валентність предиката та її вплив на цю трансформацію у німецькій та українській мовах на прикладах із сучасної літератури.Мета. Метою статті є порівняння трансформації «актив – пасив» у німецькій та українській мовах та опис ролі валентності у цьому процесі.Методи. Для проведення дослідження було зібрано методом суцільної вибірки приклади пасивних конструкцій із сучас-них художніх текстів німецькою та українською мовами, які опісля було оброблено та проаналізовано з використанням типо-логічного, зіставного, описового методів, а також методу моделювання.Валентність предиката проявляється у його здатності формувати зв’язки з іншими елементами в реченні та дає змогу передбачити додаткові позиції у синтаксичній структурі речення, які можуть бути заповнені обов’язковими чи факультатив-ними компонентами. Для предиката властиві два типи валентності, які залежать від позиції поширювачів у реченні. Якщо лівобічну позицію переважно пов’язують із суб’єктом, то правобічна зазвичай стосується актантів з об’єктним, адресатним, локативним чи інструментальним значеннями.Результати. Зважаючи на те, що одна й та ж функція пасивних конструкцій у німецькій та українській мовах реалізується різними формами, валентні зміни у кожній з конструкцій мають свої особливості. Спільною рисою цих перетворень виступає зменшення облігаторних актантів на одну одиницю, яка може бути заповнена факультативно у разі комунікативної потреби у інформації про виконавця дії.Висновки. Можна зробити висновок, що валентність предиката є багатогранним феноменом, що підлягає впливу не лише формально-граматичних, а й семантико-синтаксичних чинників, а також мовленнєвої ситуації загалом. Відповідно, змін у валентності предикатів протягом трансформації з активу у пасив не можна уникнути. The valence of the predicate has a decisive effect on the structure of the sentence. Although the active and passive variant of the sentence describes the same situation, the predicate goes through a transformation that also has to do with valence. This article analyzes the valency of the predicate and its influence on such transformation in German and Ukrainian based on the examples from modern literature.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to compare the active-passive transformation in German and Ukrainian and to describe the role of valence in this process.Methods. For the research, we collected the examples of passive constructions from modern fiction in German and Ukrainian using the continuous sampling method, which were then processed and analyzed using typological, comparative, descriptive methods as well as the modelling method.The valence of the predicate verb shows in its ability to connect with other sentence elements and enables the prediction of the additional positions in the syntactic structure of the sentence, which can be supplemented by mandatory or optional components. The predicate is characterized by two types of valence, which depend on the position of the fillers in the sentence: the left-hand position is mainly connected the subject of the utterance, and the right-hand position has to do with actants which define object, addressee, location or have instrumental meaning.Results. Due to the fact that the same function of passive constructions in German and Ukrainian is realized in different forms, the valence changes in each of the constructions have their own features. A common feature of these transformations is the reduction of obligatory actants by one unit, which can be filled in optionally in case of communicative need for information about the performer of the action.Conclusions. We reach the conclusion that the valence of the predicate is a multilevel phenomenon that is influenced not only by formal grammatical but also by semantic and syntactic factors as well as the language situation in general. Accordingly, changes in the valence of predicates during the active-passive transformation are inevitable.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Diana Mayasari ◽  
Nanda Riski Ardhana

Researchers assume that with the publication of the speech is expected to be useful especially for teachers and employees in Manduro Elementary in language development through language transmission. The purpose of this research is to describe the syntactic structure of Manduro public utterance in Manduro Village, Kabuh Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, covering syntactic functions and categories. Qualitative descriptive method used in this research. With the subject of research is the device of Manduro Village. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the aim of taking the device of each hamlet contained in Manduro Village. The researcher is the main instrument assisted by the Swadesh Morris questionnaire. Triangulation is used as a test of data validity. The researchers used inductive analysis techniques. The results obtained in this study are syntactic functions consisting of subjects, predicates, objects, descriptions and appendices that categorized nouns, verbs, and adjectives and adverbs. Based on the results of the research, the syntactic structure of public utterance of Manduro has a universality with the syntactic structure of Indonesian and Javanese, only the structures used are not structural. This is because the sentence is a nonformal speech. The results of this study are expected to be used as a supporter of early childhood language development in Manduro Elementary School through the role of teachers in language learning by using examples and communication with students outside the lesson with the manduro language. Thus language learning occurs in a natural context so that the language of the community is not increasingly experiencing shifts and extinctions as well as in the teaching of syntax and as a ruler of language rules in Indonesia.


Author(s):  
Izabela Franckiewicz-Olczak

In the mid-1950s, film sealed its place in the world of art with the voice of essentialist theories. At the same time, it did not give up its status as mass entertainment, which it had acquired at the beginning of cinematography’s development. Over the years, it has also developed its position as an educational medium, and its importance and impact on culture created the need for film studies. And although knowledge of film and cinematography is being introduced to school curricula, not only in Poland, the negative view that film is purely for entertainment purposes still prevails. Focusing on the subject outlined, the article refers to the results of research on film knowledge among children and young people, and on the cultural choices (using data on film choices) of parents and caregivers, to analyze the place and role of film in children’s and young people’s development.


2021 ◽  
Vol IX(257) (75) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
A. Podopryhora

The syntactic structure of the final etiquette formulas in letters (FEF) is analyzed on the basis of the Russian epistolary of the 19th century. It is shown that FEF are diverse in structure, but they are often simple sentences. Typical for FEF is the inclusion of the addressee's self-nomination in the role of the subject; the use of verbs in the first person, indicating the addressee and implementing the textual category of dialogization. Also, FEF in letters are represented by complex sentences of different types, complex syntactic constructions, and overphrasal unities


1998 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Beach

The rising of the Ndebele and southwestern and central Shona people against colonial rule in the 1890s has become one of the classic cases of such resistance. Yet, since the independence of Zimbabwe in 1980, very little fresh research has been carried out on the subject. This paper re-examines the role of Shona religious authorities in the rising, especially that of the medium of the Nehanda spirit of the Mazowe valley in the central Shona area. In just over a century, the figure of “Mbuya Nehanda” has become the best-known popular symbol of resistance to colonial rule in modern Zimbabwe. She has been commemorated since 1980 in statues, street names, a hospital, posters, songs, novels, and poems, and is soon to be the subject of a full-length feature film. This paper examines the historical basis behind the legend.This legend runs as follows: the historical “Nehanda” was supposed to have been the daughter of the founding ancestor of the Mutapa dynasty, who lived in the fifteenth century. Her ritual incest with her brother Matope gave supernatural sanction to the power of the Mutapa state. After her death, she became a mhondoro spirit, and this spirit possessed a number of mediums (masvikiro, singular svikiro). During periods of possession by the spirit, the svikiro was regarded as speaking with the voice and personality of the original Nehanda and not with her own. In the last part of the nineteenth century one medium, Charwe, was responsible for the organization of resistance to the government of the British South Africa Company and the settlers in the Mazowe valley, and in particular for the killing of H.H. Pollard, Kunyaira, the extremely oppressive Native Commissioner of the area. This resistance began in June 1896, and from then until her capture in late 1897 the Nehanda medium was a major factor in the war. Tried and sentenced to death in March 1898, she refused to convert to Christianity and struggled right up to the moment when she was hanged.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 250-272
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kiklewicz

Demonstrative pronoun in sentences with nominal predicate: predicative or anaphor function?This article deals with a particular type of simple sentences with a complex predicate which includes the demonstrative pronoun Pol. to / Russ. это ‘this.’ The author presents the view, prevailing in the linguistic literature, that in terms of syntactic structure, such units perform the role of the so-called copula. The analysis of linguistic material of modern Russian and Polish (taking into account the category of functional syntax) leads to the conclusion that such instances are in fact cases of subject duplication, which is used to emphasise the subject in spoken language. Zaimek wskazujący w zdaniach z orzeczeniem imiennym: funkcja predykatywna czy anaforyczna?Przedmiotem artykułu jest szczególny typ zdań prostych z orzeczeniem złożonym zawierającym zaimek wskazujący to/это. Autor przedstawia panujący w literaturze lingwistycznej pogląd, że jednostka ta zajmuje w strukturze zdania pozycję tzw. łącznika (copuli). Z analizy materiału językowego współczesnego języka polskiego (przy uwzględnieniu kategorii składni funkcjonalnej) wynika, że w rzeczywistości mamy tu do czynienia z duplikacją podmiotu, która służy do emfatycznego wyodrębnienia tego członu zdania w mowie.


2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.


2016 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Rossi

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.


2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.


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