scholarly journals Publikasi Bentuk Fungsi dan Kategori SintaksisTuturan Masyarakat Manduro sebagai Pendukung Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Diana Mayasari ◽  
Nanda Riski Ardhana
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Descriptive Method

Researchers assume that with the publication of the speech is expected to be useful especially for teachers and employees in Manduro Elementary in language development through language transmission. The purpose of this research is to describe the syntactic structure of Manduro public utterance in Manduro Village, Kabuh Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, covering syntactic functions and categories. Qualitative descriptive method used in this research. With the subject of research is the device of Manduro Village. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the aim of taking the device of each hamlet contained in Manduro Village. The researcher is the main instrument assisted by the Swadesh Morris questionnaire. Triangulation is used as a test of data validity. The researchers used inductive analysis techniques. The results obtained in this study are syntactic functions consisting of subjects, predicates, objects, descriptions and appendices that categorized nouns, verbs, and adjectives and adverbs. Based on the results of the research, the syntactic structure of public utterance of Manduro has a universality with the syntactic structure of Indonesian and Javanese, only the structures used are not structural. This is because the sentence is a nonformal speech. The results of this study are expected to be used as a supporter of early childhood language development in Manduro Elementary School through the role of teachers in language learning by using examples and communication with students outside the lesson with the manduro language. Thus language learning occurs in a natural context so that the language of the community is not increasingly experiencing shifts and extinctions as well as in the teaching of syntax and as a ruler of language rules in Indonesia.

STUDI DESKRIPTIF ANSAMBEL MUSIK KOLINTANG SEBAGAI PENGIRING NYANYIAN PADA UPACARA BENDERA DI SMP SW. ST. PAULUS SIDIKALANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Aprilia Dame Christanty Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Music Ensemble ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Subject

This endeed of  research is to describe the place of the kolintang music ensemble to accompany the singin of the flag ceremony at SMP Sw. St. Paulus Sidikalang. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subject of this research is flag ceremony. The research focussed on the role of Kolintang music ensemble as song chanting. The data of the final research was obtained from the observations of the flag-raising activities, interview with teachers, student adan kolintang’s players in junior high school and take a documentation. Data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Data validity is obtained through data triangulation, observer triangulation, theory triangulation and method triangulation. The purpose of this research is to know and descriebing  kolintang music. Example, in this research is by using numbered data such as document, archieves, interview results, observation result or also by interviewing more thn one subject that is consideret to have a different point of view.The result showed that : (1) In accompaniying singing at the flag-ceremony, students used the basic notes G, C and F. (2) the tecnic to performed kolintang    were not wheeled with a kolintang played general. (3). After carrying out their duties as chanting accompaniment in the ceremony, students who performed kolintang first practice on kolintang extracurricular activities. (4) in the process of playing kolintang, each player must have a strong feeling so that the technic kolintang is harmonious. Keywords : Descriptive Study, Ensemble, Kolintang music

STRATEGI PRODUK BORDIR DI KAPALO KOTO, KOTO TANGAH SIMALANGGANG, KOTA PAYAKUMBUH (Studi Kasus di Usaha Bordir Limpapeh”s Kebaya)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Riris Susiani ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Product Strategy ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstrakMasalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu pentingnya strategi produk dalam menjalankan sebuah usaha agar mampu bertahan dan bersaing  dengan perusahaan lain yang sejenis dalam kondisi persaingan yang ketat dan perkembangan zaman yang sangat cepat. Strategi produk sangat diperlukan dalam mememenuhi tuntutan konsumen seperti meningkatkan kualitas, menciptakan merek, pelayanan serta jaminan terhadap produk yang ditawarkan agar usaha mampu berkembang. Limpapeh”s Kebaya adalah usaha yang sedang berkembang dan telah mampu memasarkan produk bordirnya hingga menembus pasar ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi produk bordir di Limpapeh”s Kebaya, Kapalo Koto, Koto Tangah Simalanggang, Kota Payakumbuh. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif, jenis data berupa data primer dan  sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisa model interaktif yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan yaitu dengan model reduksi data, penyajian data dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yaitu strategi produk yang dilakukan di Limpapeh”s Kebaya adalah dimulai dari menciptakan produk bordir yang berkualitas, desain motif bordir yang up to date dan kreatif, menyediakan ukuran yang special, memberi merek pada produk bordir, memberi kemasan yang menarik (paperbag) dan serbaguna, pelayanan yang cepat, tepat dan ramah serta pemberian jaminan terhadap produk border.Kata Kunci: strategi produk, pelayanan, bordir. AbstractThe problem in this study is the importance of product strategy in running a business in order to be able to survive and compete with other similar companies in conditions of intense competition and very rapid development of the times. Product strategy is very necessary in fulfilling consumer demands such as improving quality, creating brands, services and guarantees for products offered so that businesses are able to grow. Limpapeh's Kebaya is a growing business and has been able to market its embroidery products to penetrate the export market. This study aims to describe the strategy of embroidery products in Limpapeh's Kebaya, Kapalo Koto, Koto Tangah Simalanggang, Payakumbuh City. The research method uses qualitative descriptive method, the type of data in the form of primary and secondary data. The technique of collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out with interactive model analysis techniques that are related to the subject matter, namely with a model of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research, namely the product strategy carried out at Limpapeh's Kebaya, are started from creating quality embroidery products, up-to-date and creative embroidery motifs, providing special sizes, giving brands to embroidery products, giving attractive packaging (paperbag) and versatile, fast, precise and friendly service and guarantee of embroidery products. Keywords: product, service, embroidery strategy.

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN SCHOOLOGY PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKn TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA N 1 SRANDAKAN BANTUL TAHUN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ardian Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Learning Interest ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk analisis penggunaan Schoology pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn terhadap minat belajar siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Srandakan Bantul Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Srandakan pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah : (1) satu orang Kepala Sekolah SMA N 1 Srandakan Bantul (2) satu orang Guru Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (3) Siswa SMA N 1 Srandakan sejumlah 8 orang. Teknik analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemerikasaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Schoology memiliki kemudahan dalam mengatur administrasi pembelajaran siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Srandakan karena siswa dapat presensi, mendapat materi hingga evaluasi di Schoology; (2) Schoology dapat mengendalikan minat belajar siswa dalam aspek preventif dengan cara kegiatan belajar menyenangkan, persuasif dengan cara membujuk melalui fitur massages, dan represif dengan cara didatangi rumahnya berdasarkan informasi yang disajikan dalam aplikasi tersebut; (3) Schoology memiliki tampilan seperti media sosial Facebook ditandai warna dasar yang sama yaitu biru dan putih serta menu yang identik; (4) Schoology memiliki keunggulan untuk diskusi pada pembelajaran daring, siswa dapat berdiskusi kelompok dengan guru sebagai pemantik materi dalam fitur Groups; (5) Schoology mengakomodasi aneka macam media pembelajaran antara lain media gambar visual, audio, dan audio visual atau video. Kata Kunci: Schoology, PPKn, Minat Belajar Siswa Abstract The research aims to analyze the use of Schoology in PPKn Subjects on student interest in learning at SMA Negeri 1 Srangkan Bantul in 2020. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Srangkan from July to August 2020. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects of this study were: (1) one principal of SMA N 1 Srangkan Bantul (2) one teacher of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (3) 8 students of SMA N 1 Srangkan. Data analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validity was checked by data triangulation. The results of this study are: (1) Schoology has the convenience of managing the administration of student learning at SMA Negeri 1 Srangkan because students get presence, receive material and evaluation in Schoology; (2) Schoology can control student interest in preventive aspects by means of fun, persuasive learning activities by persuading through massages, and repressive features by visiting their house based on the information presented in the application; (3) Schoology has a display similar to Facebook's social media marked with the same basic colors, namely blue and white and identical menus; (4) Schoology has the advantage of discussions on online learning, students can have group discussions with the teacher as material triggers in the Groups feature; (5) Schoology accommodates various kinds of learning media, including visual images, audio, and audio-visual or video media. Keywords: Schoology, PPKn, Student Learning Interest

scholarly journals PENYIMPANGAN MAKSIM KESANTUNAN PADA FILM KARTUN SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS KARYA STEPHEN HILLENBURG (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-245
Author(s):  
Shofia Cahyani Putri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Social Distance Scale ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe the deviance of politeness maxims that occur in the SpongebobSquarepants cartoon film that is carried out from January to May 2018. The focus used in this study is the deviation of maxim of language politeness derived from Leech's theory include: deviation of maximal wisdom, deviation maxim of generosity, deviation from maxims of appreciation, deviation from the maxim of simplicity, deviation from maximization of consent, and deviation from maximization of conclusions. With the sub focus of politeness scale which includes the scale of loss and profit, choice scale, scale of non-continuity, authority scale, and social distance scale. The method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. The object of this study was the cartoon film SpongebobSquarepants by Stephen Hillenburg. In this study, data were obtained on the cartoon SpongebobSquarepants in three episodes, Pineapple Fever, Sandy, Spongebob, and The Worm, and SquidwardThe Unfriendly Ghost, which consisted of 209 pairs of speeches. Maximum politeness deviation is 138 pairs of utterances (66.02%), while fulfillment of politeness maxim is found as many as 71 pairs of utterances (33.98%). Found 1 data maximal deviations (0.72%), 5 data maximal maximal deviations (3.62%), 46 maximal awards deviations (33.3%), 26 data maximization simplicity (18.84 %), deviation of agreement maximization as much as 61 data (44.3%), and deviation of maximization of conclusions as much as 17 data (12.6%). Then obtained politeness scale of 209 pairs of utterances. 138 fulfills politeness and 71 pairs of utterances fulfill impoliteness. The results of this study concluded that the deviations in maxim of politeness speak more than the fulfillment of politeness maxim in the cartoon film SpongebobSquarepants. In this study can be implicated in Indonesian language learning, namely learning in the text of the discussion class IX junior high school.   Keywords: politeness maxim, cartoon film, Spongebob Squarepants   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penyimpangan maksim kesantunan yang terjadi di dalam film kartun Spongebob Squarepants yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Mei 2018. Fokus yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penyimpangan  maksim kesantunan berbahasa yang diturunkan dari teori Leech meliputi: penyimpangan maksim kebijaksanaan, penyimpangan maksim kedermawanan, penyimpangan maksim penghargaan, penyimpangan maksim kesederhanaan, penyimpangan maksim permufakatan, dan penyimpangan maksim kesimpatisan. Dengan sub fokus skala kesantunan yang meliputi skala kerugian dan keuntungan, skala pilihan, skala ketidaklangsungan, skala keotoritasan, dan skala jarak sosial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Objek penelitian ini adalah film kartun Spongebob Squarepants karya Stephen Hillenburg. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan data pada film kartun Spongebob Squarepants dalam tiga episode yaitu Pineapple Fever, Sandy, Spongebob, and The Worm, dan Squidward The Unfriendly Ghost sebanyak 209 pasangan ujaran. Penyimpangan maksim kesantunan sebanyak 138 pasangan ujaran (66,02%), sedangkan pemenuhan maksim kesantunan ditemukan sebanyak 71 pasangan ujaran (33,98%). Ditemukan penyimpangan maksim kebijaksanaan sebanyak 1 data (0,72%), penyimpangan maksim kedermawanan sebanyak 5 data (3,62%), penyimpangan maksim penghargaan sebanyak 46 data (33,3%), penyimpangan maksim kesederhanaan sebanyak 26 data (18,84%), penyimpangan maksim permufakatan sebanyak 61 data (44,3%), dan penyimpangan maksim kesimpatisan sebanyak 17 data (12,6%). Selanjutnya didapatkan skala kesantunan sebanyak 209 pasangan ujaran. 138 memenuhi kesantunan dan 71 pasangan ujaran memenuhi ketidaksantunan. Hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa penyimpangan maksim kesantunan berbahasa lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pemenuhan maksim kesantunan pada film kartun  Spongebob Squarepants. Pada penelitian ini dapat diimplikasikan terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, yaitu pembelajaran dalam teks diskusi kelas IX SMP. Kata kunci: maksim kesantunan, kartun, Spongebob Squarepants

scholarly journals Social Behavior of Early Childhood Through Playing Beams Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Mila Karmila ◽  
Muhtarom Muhtarom
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

The focus of this research is to explore and describe the ability of children's social behavior through playing beams. This research used qualitative descriptive method, which was used to examine the children's natural activity when playing beams. This research was conducted at the Child Care Center of Child Vocational Education (TPA PENA PRIMA) with the subject as many as 4 early childhood children aged 3-4 years. The data collection method used was observation, documentation and interviews. Data analysis techniques included collecting data, selecting data, presenting data and concluding. The findings of the research showed that there were differences in social behavior in each child in playing beams activities such as imitation, competition, cooperation, sympathy, empathy, social support, sharing, and familiar behavior. This research shows that playing activities and peer roles are essential for optimizing the children's social behavior. Schools are expected to provide supporting facilities for beam playing activities.

scholarly journals Ruci's Joint Marketing Public Relations Strategy in Conducting and Communicating Rebranding to Increase Sales Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Theresia Sharron Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Public Relations Strategy

This research is expected to provide clearer explanations to readers regarding the Strategy of Marketing Public Relations Ruci’s Joint conducting and communicating rebranding to increase sales value. The purpose of this research is to know Marketing Public Relations Ruci’s Joint’s Strategy in conducting and communicationg rebranding to increase sales value. The main theory used is Marketing Public Relations and the other supporting theories are brand, and rebranding. The method of insulation used is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection thechniques are done by conducting in-depth interviews, and observations. The speakers in this study are form internal and external companies. The data obtained from the subject of this study are analyzed by data analysis techniques, while for the data trust techniques using source triangulation data.

scholarly journals Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Pengembangan Kompetensi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BPSDM) Provinsi Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gede Wirata ◽  
Ni Luh Widiantini ◽  
Sri Sulandari
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Competency Development ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method

Leadership related to developing employees’ competencies is an important part of organization life. However, this has not been carried out properly to ensure all duties and obligations are carried out within the organization, one of which is developing the competence of organizational members. Objectives of this research are to determine the role of leadership in developing the competence of Civil Servants at BPSDM Bali; and to determine the constraints of developing the competence of Civil Servants at BPSDM Bali. This research uses qualitative descriptive method with transformational leadership theory. There were 8 (eight) informants determined using purposive sampling technique. Data collection use interview guidelines, observation and documentation. The methods and data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The final stage of the analysis carried out the presentation of the results of the data presented with narrative text. From the analysis, the results show that the role of leadership in developing the competence of civil servants at BPSDM has not been maximal in mobilizing, directing and evaluating subordinates to fulfill the rights and opportunities for competency development of civil servants for 20 hours of lessons / year according to government regulation Number 11 of 2017 concerning Employee Management Civil Affairs. Furthermore several constraints are found, namely the egoism of subordinates, no leadership commitment, no strategy in accelerating employee competency development, the need for employee competency development get maximum budget support.  

Etos Kerja Islam Dan Ketahanan Usaha Kerajinan Tangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ubaidillah ◽  
Misbahul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collection Methods

The objectives of research include; first, to describe what local Islamic working ethos are as the basis for the resilience of songkok, whip and slap handicraft businesses in Serah Panceng Gresik Village. Second, to describe the resilience of the songkok, whip and slap handicraft business in the village of Serah Panceng Gresik. This study is a qualitative-descriptive study with the aim of understanding the phenomena experienced by the subject of research including behavior, perception, motivation, and action holistically by utilizing various scientific methods. Data collection methods include; Observation, In-depth Interview or Focus Group Discussion, Documentation. Data analysis techniques include: processing and preparing data for analysis, reading the entire data, analyzing in more detail by coding data, considering detailed instructions that can help the coding process, giving descriptions that will be presented in the report, interpreting and interpreting data. The results showed that in Serah Village local Islamic working ethos were preserved by the community, such as alms giving, reading dziba', reading tahlil, attending haul akbar, and reading sholawat together every Friday. Although in the tradition it does not involve songkok, whip, and slap directly, there is a good impact to support the resilience of songkok, but not whip, and slap production. Religious rituals by praying together asking Allah to facilitate and carry out business in production songkok, whip, and slap are an expression of gratitude for what God gave to the people of Serah Village. All economic activity done by Serah community is meant to get God’s willing. Keywords: Islamic Working Ethos, Handicraft Businesses

THE USE OF VIDEO IN TEACHING LISTENING SKILL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjulayana -
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Listening Process ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Clear Information

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to give understanding and clear explanation about teaching students’ listening skill by English video. Commonly, teaching listening through tape recorder, but in this research teacher shows different way, video is collaboration between pictures and sound components, and it contains a recording of a movie or television program. Students can be able to know the activity or a topic being discussion through visual aid and knowing the pictures expression clearly, this way can help students to get clear information both pronunciations and expression. Grade VIII of SMPN 15 Tangerang with total number is 20 students and 10 English teachersas the subject of the research.  Qualitative descriptive method is applied in this research to explain teaching process through video clearly, however, literature and questionnaere with close answer form is given to get the data. The result of this research are: firstly, teaching listening skill through video can be used by the teacher to make a listening class is more enjoyable and understandable, because audio visual aid can cover students various learning style, finally at the end of teaching and listening process the objectives of study can be gained. Secondly; teaching listening through video is very useful way to encourage and foster students’ listening skill and their interest.      Keywords: Using Video, Listening skill, teaching listening

scholarly journals Kajian Kalimat Efektif pada Laporan Berita Reporter Metro TV

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Marieta Bona Devita ◽  
I G.N.K. Putrayasa ◽  
I Made Madia
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
News Report ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Informal Method ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research entitled “The News Report of Metro TV Reporter: The research of effective sentence”. The aim of this research was to find out the description, error, and percentage of effective and ineffective sentence in the news report of Metro TV reporter. The used theory refer to some ideas from the experts, those are Keraf (1980), Razak (1986), Sugono (2001), Putrayasa (2014), and Agency of Language Development and Coaching (2014). The used method to collect the data in this research was observation method, then the data was analyzed with qualitative descriptive method, quantitative method, and agih method. Method of presenting analyzed data that used in this research were formal and informal method. Data source in this research was from twelve videos of news report of Metro TV reporter in 2018. The result of this research showed that Metro TV reporter's understanding of the use of effective sentences reach 30, 22% from 12 news reports. This is proven by the discovery of 97 ineffective sentences out of 139 sentences. The error of ineffective sentence in news report of Metro TV reporter was divided into four kinds, those were the accuracy of information 7 sentences (5.03%), stiffness 6 sentences (4,32%), efficiency 48 sentences (34.53%), multiple errors and plural 36 sentences (25.90%). The total percentage of the error ineffective sentence as a whole was 69.78%. Based on this percentage, the highest frequency of errors was in the aspect of efficiency.

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