scholarly journals Impact of community health promoters on awareness of a rural social marketing program, purchase and use of health products, and disease risk, Kenya, 2014–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-950
Author(s):  
Sunkyung Kim ◽  
Mark Laughlin ◽  
Jamae Morris ◽  
Ronald Otieno ◽  
Aloyce Odhiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Product Sales

Abstract The Safe Water and AIDS Project (SWAP), a non-governmental organization in western Kenya, opened kiosks run as businesses by community health promoters (CHPs) to increase access to health products among poor rural families. We conducted a baseline survey in 2014 before kiosks opened, and a post-intervention follow-up in 2016, enrolling 1,517 households with children <18 months old. From baseline to follow-up, we observed increases in reported exposure to the SWAP program (3–11%, p = 0.01) and reported purchases of any SWAP product (3–10%, p < 0.01). The percent of households with confirmed water treatment (detectable free chlorine residual (FCR) >0.2 mg/ml) was similar from baseline to follow-up (7% vs. 8%, p = 0.57). The odds of reported diarrhea in children decreased from baseline to follow-up (odds ratios or OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93) and households with detectable FCR had lower odds of diarrhea (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83). Focus group discussions with CHPs suggested that high product prices, lack of affordability, and expectations that products should be free contributed to low sales. In conclusion, modest reported increases in SWAP exposure and product sales in the target population were insufficient to impact health, but children in households confirmed to chlorinate their water had decreased diarrhea.

scholarly journals Design and Preliminary Findings From a New Electronic Cohort Embedded in the Framingham Heart Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D McManus ◽  
Ludovic Trinquart ◽  
Emelia J Benjamin ◽  
Emily S Manders ◽  
Kelsey Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Training And Support

BACKGROUND New models of scalable population-based data collection that integrate digital and mobile health (mHealth) data are necessary. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe a cardiovascular digital and mHealth electronic cohort (e-cohort) embedded in a traditional longitudinal cohort study, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). METHODS We invited eligible and consenting FHS Generation 3 and Omni participants to download the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) app onto their mobile phones and co-deployed a digital blood pressure (BP) cuff. Thereafter, participants were also offered a smartwatch (Apple Watch). Participants are invited to complete surveys through the eFHS app, to perform weekly BP measurements, and to wear the smartwatch daily. RESULTS Up to July 2017, we enrolled 790 eFHS participants, representing 76% (790/1044) of potentially eligible FHS participants. eFHS participants were, on average, 53±8 years of age and 57% were women. A total of 85% (675/790) of eFHS participants completed all of the baseline survey and 59% (470/790) completed the 3-month survey. A total of 42% (241/573) and 76% (306/405) of eFHS participants adhered to weekly digital BP and heart rate (HR) uploads, respectively, over 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We have designed an e-cohort focused on identifying novel cardiovascular disease risk factors using a new smartphone app, a digital BP cuff, and a smartwatch. Despite minimal training and support, preliminary findings over a 3-month follow-up period show that uptake is high and adherence to periodic app-based surveys, weekly digital BP assessments, and smartwatch HR measures is acceptable.

scholarly journals Impact of health education regarding personal hygiene and dietary habits on morbidity profile of students: an intervention study in a government secondary school in a slum area of Kolkata

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Jayita Pal ◽  
Arghya K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Control School ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
Test Level

Background: Most of the morbidities among school children are preventable by ensuring healthy practices regarding personal hygiene and diet. The current study aimed to assess effectiveness of a health education programme regarding personal hygiene and diet in improving the morbidity profile of the adolescent girls in an urban slum. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in two Government secondary schools located in a slum area of Kolkata. The study consisted of three steps. First a baseline survey with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire and checklist was done to find out the socio-demographic information and existing knowledge, attitude, practice of personal hygiene and dietary habits of the students. Morbidity profile of the children was also assessed. This was followed by an intervention phase of 6 months during which weekly lecture and demonstration classes were taken in the study school. Second step was reassessment of morbidities by clinical examination at post intervention. Third step was to follow them for another 3 months to reassess their morbidities. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of morbidities in study school from the pre-test level to post-test level as compared to the control school, but the effect was not sustained at follow up as shown by increase in mean morbidity score at 9 months follow up than 6 months post-intervention level in the study school. Conclusions: Sustained behavioral change programme regarding proper practice of personal hygiene and diet could significantly decrease the prevalence of major morbidities encountered in adolescent girl students. 

scholarly journals Strengthening Community-Clinical Linkages to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rural NC: Feasibility Phase of the CHANGE Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen D Samuel-Hodge ◽  
Ziya Gizlice ◽  
Sallie D Allgood ◽  
Audrina J Bunton ◽  
Amber Erskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Medically Underserved ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Background Community Health Workers (CHW) are recommended for delivery of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease, but there is insufficient evidence to guide implementation of CHW interventions in rural, medically underserved areas.Methods Using a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design, we evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of an adapted, evidence-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction intervention among rural high-risk adults. CHWs at a community health center and local health department recruited, enrolled and counseled participants during 4 monthly home visits and 3 brief phone contacts. Participant data collection included pre- and post-intervention measurements of blood pressure, weight, and dietary and physical activity behaviors. We evaluated implementation with measures of intervention reach and delivery fidelity. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and paired t-tests.Results Study participants (n=105) had a mean age of 62 years and included 88% Non-Hispanic Blacks and 82% females. Recruitment strategies resulted in the enrollment of 38% of interested and eligible participants who received 80% of the planned intervention visits and phone contacts. Mean differences in pre-/post-intervention measures showed significant mean reductions in blood pressure (-5.4 mm Hg systolic, p=.006; -2.3 mm Hg diastolic, p=.04) and body weight (-3.8 lb., p=.02). Self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors also improved significantly.Conclusion This feasibility study demonstrated preliminary implementation and program effectiveness of a CHW-delivered intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Additionally, it identified areas for future refinements to strategies that strengthen community-clinical linkages with an integrated role of CHWs in rural health care delivery. If results from this feasibility study can be enhanced in a larger sample, there would be significant potential to positively impact the excess burden of chronic diseases that adversely impact rural, low-income, and medically underserved populations.

Project reach: Piloting a risk-tailored smoking cessation intervention for lung screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga T Lennes ◽  
Christina M Luberto ◽  
Alaina L Carr ◽  
Daniel L Hall ◽  
Nicole M Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Lung Screening

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention for lung screening patients. Participants ( N = 39) were enrolled in a single-arm pilot study of a four-session telephone-based intervention. Self-report measures were completed at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Participants were long-term smokers; 62 percent were not motivated to quit. Twenty-three percent attempted quitting, 29 percent decreased their smoking, and 11 percent reported abstinence. Confidence increased ( p < .001) and there were trends toward increased importance ( p = .09) and comparative disease risk ( p = .02). This intervention was acceptable and associated with improvements in smoking-related beliefs and behaviors.

scholarly journals Strengthening Community-Clinical Linkages to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rural NC: Feasibility Phase of the CHANGE Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen D Samuel-Hodge ◽  
Ziya Gizlice ◽  
Sallie D Allgood ◽  
Audrina J Bunton ◽  
Amber Erskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Medically Underserved ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Background Community Health Workers (CHW) are recommended for delivery of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease, but there is insufficient evidence from interventions conducted in rural, medically underserved areas. Methods Using a hybrid implementation-effectiveness design, we evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of an adapted, evidence-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction intervention among rural high-risk adults. CHWs at a community health center and local health department recruited, enrolled and counseled participants during 4 monthly home visits and 3 brief phone contacts. Participant data collection included pre- and post-intervention measurements of blood pressure, weight, and dietary and physical activity behaviors. We evaluated implementation with measures of intervention reach and delivery fidelity. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results Study participants (n=105) had a mean age of 62 years and included 88% Non-Hispanic Blacks and 82% females. Recruitment strategies resulted in the enrollment of 38% of interested and eligible participants who received 80% of the planned intervention visits and phone contacts. Mean differences in pre-/post-intervention measures showed significant mean reductions in blood pressure (-5.4 mm Hg systolic, p=.006; -2.3 mm Hg diastolic, p=.04) and body weight (-3.8 lb., p=.02). Self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors also improved significantly. Conclusion This feasibility study demonstrated preliminary implementation and program effectiveness of a CHW-delivered intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Additionally, it identified areas for future refinements to strategies that strengthening community-clinical linkages with an integrated role of CHWs in rural health care delivery. If results from this feasibility study can be enhanced in a larger sample, there would be significant potential to positively impact the excess burden of chronic diseases that adversely impact rural, low-income, and medically underserved populations.

scholarly journals Backpack use as an alternative water transport method in Kisumu, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-995
Author(s):  
Sunkyung Kim ◽  
Kathryn Curran ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Aloyce Odhiambo ◽  
Jared Oremo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Transport Method

Abstract In developing countries, most households transport water from distant sources, placing physical burdens on women and children, who commonly carry water on their heads. A lightweight backpack was developed to alleviate physical stress from water carriage and provide a safe storage container. In 2015, we conducted a baseline survey among 251 Kenyan households with children &lt;5 years old, distributed one backpack per household, and made 6 monthly home visits to ask about backpack use. At baseline, the median reported water collection time was 40 minutes/round trip; 80% of households reported collecting water daily (median 3 times/day). At follow-up visits, respondents reported backpack use to carry water ranged from 4% to 20% in the previous day; reported backpack use for water storage in the previous day ranged from 31% to 67%. Pain from water carriage was reported at 9% of all follow-up visits. The odds of backpack use in the past day to collect water were lower during rainy season (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.3) and not associated with reported pain (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–3.3). Our study suggests that participants preferred using the backpacks for storage rather than transport of water. Further dissemination of the backpacks is not recommended because of modest use for transport.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Health Promotion Programs on Smoking Cessation of the Adolescent and Youth in Tehran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Mirhadi ◽  
Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi ◽  
Leila Riahi ◽  
Kamran Hajinabi
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Health Promotion Programs

Introduction: Substance abuse is currently a crippling problem worldwide. The hindering effect it has upon the development and prosperity of each society has turned it into a serious threat. Due to the importance of the problem the current study was aimed to investigate the effect of health promotion programs on the smoking cessation of the adolescent and youth in Iran. Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental study. The target population consisted of the teenagers and the youth people of district 12 of Tehran City. The understudied cases were divided into intervention and control groups. Each groups included 20 participants. The researcher-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. Results: Analysis of Cognitive-Therapy Co-Variance and its Effect on Health Promotion Scores show that Mean Square in Pre-Intervention sample and follow-up was 7854.365 and 5632.845 respectively. Also in Post-Intervention and follow-up was 4785.123 and 2865.563 that show a significant relationship between the pre and post-intervention and follow-up scores. Mean Square in Post-Intervention and follow-up for Effectiveness of Health Promotion Programs on Smoke cessation with 39 degrees of freedom was 730.58 and 746.420. The Ancova results showed that the improvement in wrong beliefs is permanent. Conclusion: Research findings revealed that onetime and recurrent health promotion programs have significant impacts upon smoking cessation of the teenagers and the youth. Since drug abuse is a motivational disorder, educational programs and improving the living condition for treating drug abuse is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Reweighting a Swedish health questionnaire survey using extensive population register and self-reported data for assessing and improving the validity of longitudinal associations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253969
Author(s):  
Anton Nilsson ◽  
Carl Bonander ◽  
Ulf Strömberg ◽  
Catarina Canivet ◽  
Per-Olof Östergren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
High Participation Rate ◽  
Case Basis

Background In cohorts with voluntary participation, participants may not be representative of the underlying population, leading to distorted estimates. If the relevant sources of selective participation are observed, it is however possible to restore the representativeness by reweighting the sample to resemble the target population. So far, few studies in epidemiology have applied reweighting based on extensive register data on socio-demographics and disease history, or with self-reported data on health and health-related behaviors. Methods We examined selective participation at baseline and the first two follow-ups of the Scania Public Health Cohort (SPHC), a survey conducted in Southern Sweden in 1999/2000 (baseline survey; n = 13,581 participants, 58% participation rate), 2005 (first follow-up, n = 10,471), and 2010 (second follow-up; n = 9,026). Survey participants were reweighted to resemble the underlying population with respect to a broad range of socio-demographic, disease, and health-related characteristics, and we assessed how selective participation impacted the validity of associations between self-reported overall health and dimensions of socio-demographics and health. Results Participants in the baseline and follow-up surveys were healthier and more likely to be female, born in Sweden, middle-aged, and have higher socioeconomic status. However, the differences were not very large. In turn, reweighting the samples to match the target population had generally small or moderate impacts on associations. Most examined regression coefficients changed by less than 20%, with virtually no changes in the directions of the effects. Conclusion Overall, selective participation with respect to the observed factors was not strong enough to substantially alter the associations with self-assessed health. These results are consistent with an interpretation that SPHC has high validity, perhaps reflective of a relatively high participation rate. Since validity must be determined on a case-by-case basis, however, researchers should apply the same method to other health cohorts to assess and potentially improve the validity.

scholarly journals Knowledge about Tuberculosis: A Precursor to Effective TB Control—Findings from a Follow-Up National KAP Study on Tuberculosis among Nigerians

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Hassan ◽  
Richard Olukolade ◽  
Q. C. Ogbuji ◽  
S. Afolabi ◽  
L. C. Okwuonye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
High Level

Tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a significant and major public health emergency globally. Nigeria is one of the 22 high burden Tuberculosis countries. A high level of community awareness and positive perception towards TB and its management is crucial for the success of any control strategy. A national baseline survey was conducted in 2008 and a follow-up study in 2012 to measure knowledge of TB among the general population. This study therefore evaluated the knowledge of the target population about Tuberculosis in the follow-up study. A cross-sectional study design was employed with a total of 3,021 respondents interviewed from six states selected randomly from each of the six geopolitical zones in the country. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were adopted. From the findings, about 60% of the respondents were aged between 21 and 40 years and more than half had secondary school education. Over 80% had ever heard about TB. Although there has been a significant improvement in correct knowledge of the cause of TB from baseline (19%) in 2008 to 26.5% in 2012 (p<0.001), findings showed that prioritized interventions are needed to improve communication and information dissemination on Tuberculosis to the general public, to aid TB control and all prevention efforts.

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