scholarly journals Virulence associated factors in bacteria from water bodies in Belém, Pará, Brazil: bacteriological composition and threat to public health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Monteiro da Trindade ◽  
Luiz Gomes Correa Filho ◽  
Denise Suellen Amorim de Sousa Santos ◽  
Nayara Rufino Sousa ◽  
Elivam Rodrigues Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Contamination Levels

Abstract A lack of sewage treatment contaminates water bodies threatens human health by spreading waterborne gastroenteritis. This is a particular problem for developing countries, where the risks associated with surface water contamination remain largely unknown. To understand the risk associated with sewage contaminations of water bodies, we evaluated the microbiological indicators of water quality and isolated bacterial strains from water bodies from the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The strains were identified by biochemical and serological tests and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli presented values above 1,000 (NMP/100 mL) biweekly from August 2012 to November 2015, without a significant statistical difference between sampling periods (Kruskal–Wallis p > 0.05). The Tucunduba river's water presented contamination levels similar to those in a sewage pumping station (Dunn test p > 0.05). From 240 bacterial isolates, we identified 163 Vibrio cholerae, 8 Vibrio mimicus, 24 E. coli, and 5 Salmonella spp. The isolates of V. cholerae demonstrated N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) profile (Non-O1 and Non-O139) and 18 expressed the stn/sto gene. No E. coli was shown to be potentially pathogenic. The results revealed that water bodies in Belém were constantly contaminated by sewage and fecal microorganisms, including the potential circulation of pathogens in viable and cultivable form.

Susceptibility for antibiotics among faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in sewage treated effluents

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. S. AL-Gheethi ◽  
Norli Ismail ◽  
J. Lalung ◽  
Azieda Talib ◽  
A. N. Efaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Faecal Indicators

The objective of this work was to study the prevalence of antibiotic resistance phenotypes among total coliforms (TC), E. coli, E. faecalis and Salmonella spp. in the sewage treated effluents generated from three sewage treatment plants in Penang Malaysia. Among the isolates tested, TC and E. coli occurred high resistance for cephalexin (100 and 90.47%), ampicillin (80.93 and 95.23%) and ciprofloxacin (19.06 and 14.3%) compared to E. faecalis (42.86, 71.4 and 4.7%) and Salmonella spp. (59.8, 47.46 and 14.3%) respectively. All E. coli strains, 76.18% of TC, 66.66% of E. faecalis and 35% of Salmonella spp. were multi-resistant.

Genetic characterization of MexicanFrankiastrains nodulatingCasuarina equisetifolia

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219
Author(s):  
Néstor-Octavio Pérez ◽  
Hiram Olivera ◽  
Luis Vásquez ◽  
María Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Ribosomal Operon ◽  
Clonal Cultures ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Native Strains

There is a need to increase the utilization of the Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. - Frankia symbiosis and be sure of its effectiveness in Mexico. This may be facilitated by selecting appropriate bacterial strains for which ecological characteristics are known. We tested various typing methods to develop genetic markers for ecological studies. DNA, extracted from clonal cultures of native strains or from reference cultures of Casuarina-infective Frankia strains, was used as the template in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers targeting different DNA regions. nifH and 16S rDNA probes from the reference strain Frankia Br were utilized to authenticate the isolates. Polymorphisms of the restricted fragments of the intergenetic spacer between the 16S-23S rDNAs were analyzed. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences (rep-PCR) (BOXA1R primer) were used to generate genomic fingerprints. All studied strains showed two copies of the ribosomal operon and a single copy of the nifH gene. PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the 16S-23S intergenetic spacer (IGS) were similar for all Frankia isolates; however, the rep-PCR technique was sensitive enough to distinguish between some of these Frankia strains. The Mexican cultured strains of Frankia nodulating C. equisetifolia appeared to be closely related to the isolated and nodular Frankia from trees growing outside Australia.Key words: Frankia, Casuarina, 16S rRNA, 16S-23S IGS, nifH, repetitive sequence polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Spp. in Well Water Used for Drinking Purposes in Garoua (North Cameroon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Djaouda ◽  
Bouba Gaké ◽  
Daniel Ebang Menye ◽  
Serge Hubert Zébazé Togouet ◽  
Moïse Nola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

The ability of strains of faecal bacteria (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and four strains of Salmonella isolated, resp., from well water, pig, poultry, and human urine in Garoua) to survive or grow in well water microcosms was compared. Water samples were obtained from two wells in Garoua (north Cameroun). Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min and filtration through 0.2 µm filter were used to make microcosms. Microcosms were constituted of unfiltered-autoclaved, filtered-nonautoclaved, and filtered-autoclaved well waters. Bacterial strains were inoculated at initial cell concentration of 3 Log10CFU/mL. All strains were able to survive/grow in used microcosms, and a maximal concentration of 5.61 Log10CFU/mL was observed. Survival abilities were strain and microcosm dependent. The declines were more pronounced in filtered-nonautoclaved water than in the other microcosms. E. coli and Salmonella sp. (poultry strain) lowered to undetectable levels (<1 Log10CFU/mL) after two days of water storage. V. cholera decreased over time, but surviving cells persisted for longer period in filtered-nonautoclaved water from well W1 (1.91 Log10CFU/mL) and well W2 (2.09 Log10CFU/mL). Competition for nutrients and/or thermolabile antimicrobial substances synthesized by “ultramicrocells” or by the autochthonous bacteria retained by the filter might affect the bacterial survival.

scholarly journals Determination of the ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
S. SAHIN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Meat Samples

In this study, the occurrence of the ciprofloxacin-resistant (CR) Escherichia coli in chicken meat was determined, and their clonal relations were investigated by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were determined by using disc diffusion assay, and minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genes were also screened through polymerase chain reactions. Sixty chicken meat samples were collected from different supermarkets and butchers in Sivas, Turkey. CR E. coli strains were determined in 59 (98.3%) chicken meat samples. By analyzing PFGE fingerprint data, 34 different pulsotypes were determined. All E. coli strains were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin. In addition, isolates were resistant to levofloxacin (40.7%), ampicillin (94.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (76.3%), tetracycline (69.5%), and chloramphenicol (44.1%). However, isolates were susceptible to imipenem and colistin. In this study, 81.4% of CR E. coli isolates were observed to have a multidrug-resistant profile, which is defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Through phenotypic confirmation tests, five isolates (8.3%) were determined to be ESBL-producing. The PMQR genes were not determined in any of the isolates. Two isolates (3.4%) possessed the blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes, and 40 isolates (67.8%) had the blaTEM gene. Taken together, retail raw chicken meat is highly contaminated with CR E. coli. However, these isolates are not found to be carriers of the PMQR genes, indicating a low public health problem.

scholarly journals Where Did They Come from—Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia coli in a Cemetery Environment?

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akebe Abia ◽  
Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa ◽  
Chantelle Schmidt ◽  
Matthys Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Human burial in cemeteries facilitates the decomposition of corpses without posing a public health danger. However, the role of cemeteries as potential environmental reservoirs of drug-resistant pathogens has not been studied. Thus, we investigated cemeteries as potential environmental reservoirs of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic Escherichia coli. E. coli isolates were obtained from water samples (collected from surface water bodies and boreholes in three cemeteries) after isolation using the Colilert® 18 system. Pathogenic potentials of the isolates were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reactions targeting seven virulence genes (VGs) pertaining to six E. coli pathotypes. The resistance of isolates to eight antibiotics was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The mean E. coli concentrations varied from <1 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL to 2419.6 MPN/100 mL with 48% of 100 isolates being positive for at least one of the VGs tested. Furthermore, 87% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while 72% of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance. Half of the MDR isolates harboured a VG. These results suggest that cemeteries are potential reservoirs of MDR pathogenic E. coli, originating from surrounding informal settlements, which could contaminate groundwater if the cemeteries are in areas with shallow aquifers.

scholarly journals Determination of antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin, quinolones, and vancomycin in selected human enteric pathogens from Prince Edward Island, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 473-482
Author(s):  
Babafela Awosile ◽  
Gregory German ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽  
Matthew E. Saab ◽  
Luke C. Heider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) and quinolones in humans on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Convenience fecal samples from individuals on Prince Edward Island were screened phenotypically using selective culture and genotypically using multiplex polymerase chain reactions to detect E. coli and Enterococcus spp. resistant to critically important antimicrobials. Twenty-six (5.3%) of 489 individuals had E. coli with reduced susceptibility to ESCs. Twenty-five (96.2%) of the 26 isolates harbored blaTEM, 18 (69.2%) harbored blaCMY-2, 16 (61.5%) harbored blaCTX-M groups, 2 (7.7%) harbored blaSHV genes. None of the ESC-resistant E. coli was positive for carbapenem resistance. Twenty-one (8.3%) of 253 individuals had E. coli isolates with reduced quinolone susceptibility. All 21 isolates were positive for at least 1 qnr gene, with 3 (14.3%) isolates positive for qnrB, 5 (23.8%) positive for qnrS, and 13 (61.9%) positive for both qnrB and qnrS genes. All the enterococci isolates were vancomycin-susceptible. Higher susceptibility to the critically important antimicrobials was found in this study. This study can serve as a baseline for future antimicrobial resistance surveillance within this region.

scholarly journals Étude de la Sensibilité Aux Huiles Essentielles de Cinnamomum Verum, Eucalyptus Globulus, et Glycyrrhiza Glabra L Ainsi qu’aux Antibiotiques de Certains Germes Issus de la Restauration Collective

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Milan Oba Samoussa ◽  
Abderrazak Abdellaoui ◽  
Anass Kettani ◽  
Rachid Saile ◽  
Houda Bennani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

Food safety is still a very important topic of interest. The use of medicinal plants extracts can be an efficient alternative for fighting food-borne infections in the face of the increase of resistance to antibiotics. We have studied the sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from food outlets using commonly used antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin and Amikacin). This was done using an antibiogram. We have also tested their sensitivity against essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L) using aromatogram. This study was conducted using 27 bacterial strains, including 9 Escherichia coli strains, 9 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 9 Salmonella spp. strains, and 3 ATCC strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 et Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028). Results revealed that two plant extracts has a substantial antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm, and it reached 35 mm when using a cocktail of plant extracts. Regarding the antibiotics we used, all strains of Salmonella spp. demonstrated a resistance to amoxicillin and to ceftriaxone. The tested strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus had a partial resistance to the tested antibiotics, which confirms the results of previous studies.

Development and evaluation of molecular tools for detecting and differentiating intestinal amoebae in healthy individuals

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Chihi ◽  
Christen R. Stensvold ◽  
Imene Ben-abda ◽  
Rania Ben-Romdhane ◽  
Karim Aoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions

AbstractAmoebae are single-celled parasites frequently colonizing human gut. However, few molecular tools are available for accurate identification. Here, we evaluated a panel of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba polecki, Endolimax nana and Iodamoeba bütschlii. Thirty-six faecal samples (18 containing at least one amoeba species by microscopy and 18 microscopy negative for amoebae) were tested. Real-time PCRs were used for detection and differentiation of E. histolytica and E. dispar. Conventional PCR with Sanger sequencing were applied for detection and differentiation of E. coli, E. hartmanni, E. polecki, E. nana and I. bütschlii. All microscopy results were confirmed by DNA-based methods. However, more samples were positive for single and mixed amoebic species by DNA-based assays than by microscopy (22 vs 18 and 7 vs 1, respectively). DNA sequencing allowed identification of E. coli subtypes (ST1 and ST2), showed low intra-specific variation within E. hartmanni, identified two phylogenetically distinct groups within E. nana, and identified Iodamoeba at the ribosomal lineage level. Taking into account the high intra-genetic diversity within some of the species at the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene level, amplification of SSU rRNA genes with subsequent sequencing represents a useful method for detecting, differentiating and subtyping intestinal amoebae.

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