scholarly journals Application of dynamic and conceptual models for simulating flow hydrographs in an urbanized catchment under conditions of controlled outflow from stormwater tanks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz P. Barszcz
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Runoff Event ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Simulation Errors ◽  
Stormwater Retention

Abstract The main aim of the research presented in the work was to assess the usefulness of the dynamic SWMM (stormwater management model) and the conceptual SBUH (Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph) model for simulating and predicting flow hydrographs in a small urbanized catchment under conditions of controlled (using valves) outflow from stormwater retention tanks in response to rainfall events. Most of the analyzed catchment of the Służewiecki Stream consists of the area beneath F. Chopin International Airport in Warsaw. A further aim of the study was the development of method for indicating the concentration time for a given rainfall–runoff event, where the influence of delaying the outflow of stormwater from the catchment as a result of its retention in tanks on the value of this parameter will be accounted for. The values of the median of absolute errors, obtained in a simulation using the SWMM in relation to peak flows and hydrograph volumes for the analyzed events, were 15.4 and 18.4%, respectively. The adequate values of simulation errors, obtained in the SBUH model using concentration times determined according to the developed method, were 11.4 and 15.4%. Satisfactory results of simulations were received using both models.

scholarly journals Hillslope Contribution to the Clark Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph: Application to the Seolmacheon Basin, Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Huy Phuong Doan ◽  
Changhyun Jun ◽  
Wooyoung Na
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
Channel Velocity ◽  
Linear Reservoir ◽  
Mountainous Basin

In this study, the time–area curve of an ellipse is analytically derived by considering flow velocities within both channel and hillslope. The Clark IUH is also derived analytically by solving the continuity equation with the input of the derived time–area curve to the linear reservoir. The derived Clark IUH is then evaluated by application to the Seolmacheon basin, a small mountainous basin in Korea. The findings in this study are summarized as follows. (1) The time–area curve of a basin can more realistically be derived by considering both the channel and hillslope velocities. The role of the hillslope velocity can also be easily confirmed by analyzing the derived time–area curve. (2) The analytically derived Clark IUH shows the relative roles of the hillslope velocity and the storage coefficient. Under the condition that the channel velocity remains unchanged, the hillslope velocity controls the runoff peak flow and the concentration time. On the other hand, the effect of the storage coefficient can be found in the runoff peak flow and peak time, as well as in the falling limb of the runoff hydrograph. These findings are also confirmed in the analysis of rainfall–runoff events of the Seolmacheon basin. (3) The effect of the hillslope velocity varies considerably depending on the rainfall events, which is also found to be mostly dependent upon the maximum rainfall intensity.

scholarly journals Rainfall-runoff relationships at event scale in western Mediterranean ephemeral streams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli ◽  
Alberto Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Rafael García-Lorenzo ◽  
David Espín-Sánchez ◽  
Carmelo Conesa-García
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Flow Generation ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

Abstract. Ephemeral streams are highly dependent on rainfall and terrain characteristics and, therefore, very sensitive to minor changes in these environments. Western Mediterranean area exhibits a highly irregular precipitation regime with a great variety of rainfall events driving the flow generation on intermittent watercourses, and future climate change scenarios depict a lower magnitude and higher intensity of precipitation in this area, potentially leading to severe changes in flows. We explored the rainfall-runoff relationships in two semiarid watersheds in southern Spain (Algeciras and Upper Mula) to model the different types of rainfall events required to generate new flow in both intermittent streams. We used a nonlinear approach through Generalized Additive Models at event scale in terms of magnitude, duration, and intensity, contextualizing resulting thresholds in a long-term perspective through the calculation of return periods. Results showed that the average ~ 1.2-day and <1.5 mm event was not enough to create new flows. At least a 4-day event ranging from 4 to 20 mm, depending on the watershed was needed to ensure new flow at a high probability (95 %). While these thresholds represented low return periods (from 4 to 10 years), the great irregularity of annual precipitation and rainfall characteristics, makes prediction highly uncertain. Almost a third part of the rainfall events resulted in similar or lower flow than previous day, emphasizing the importance of lithological and terrain characteristics that lead to differences in flow generation between the watersheds.

scholarly journals Program Development for Detention Pond Sizing Based on Excel Using SWMM Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggil Jeong ◽  
Taeuk Kang
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Stormwater Management Model ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Detention Pond ◽  
Actual Design

In this study, we developed a program for detention pond sizing based on Excel in order to improve user convenience. The program includes a function for the derivation of flood hydrograph that was embodied by using the rational method hydrograph for connecting the design of the stormwater pipe. The design method of a permeable detention pond that is a kind of low impact development (LID) technique was also implemented. In addition, the operation of the program was found to be stable, and various discharge structures such as weir, pump, and pipe could be easily conducted using the engine of the stormwater management model (SWMM). The developed detention pond sizing program was applied to the actual design. Subsequently, similar results were derived by comparing with the actual design, and it was found that the program was appropriate.

Infiltration characteristics of two instrumented residual soil slopes

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Illias Tsaparas ◽  
Harianto Rahardjo ◽  
David G Toll ◽  
Eng-Choon Leong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
Soil Slopes ◽  
Pressure Changes

This paper presents the analysis of a 12 month long field study of the infiltration characteristics of two residual soil slopes in Singapore. The field measurements consist of rainfall data, runoff data of natural and simulated rainfall events, and pore-water pressure changes during infiltration at several depths and at several locations on the two slopes. The analysis of the field measurements identifies the total rainfall and the initial pore-water pressures within the two slopes as the controlling parameters for the changes in the pore-water pressures within the slopes during infiltration.Key words: infiltration, rainfall, runoff, pore-water pressure, field measurements.

Probablistic analysis of runoff simulations in a small urban catchment

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
F. Calomino ◽  
P. Veltri ◽  
P. Piro ◽  
J. Niemczynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Runoff Events ◽  
Peak Discharges ◽  
Good Agreement

In Urban Hydrology, a basic question is whether or not the common methods involving the use of design storms bring to the the some results obtained by those methods that make use of real storms. In general, one can say that different design storms give good results when used with the appropriate model, or, conversely, that good results can be achieved through careful model calibration. On the basis of 51 rainfall-runoff recordings obtained from the experimental catchment of Luzzi (Cosenza, Italy), the frequency distribution of the observed peak discharges was initially computed. Then the runoff events were simulated using Wallrus, a well known simulation model, taking as input the observed precipitations. The frequency distribution of the simulated peak discharges was compared to that of the observed ones, with the aim of calibrating the model on a statistical basis. After that, the rainfall events were analysed, obtaining the frequency distributions of the observed intensities over several durations and developing IDF curves of given frequencies and, then, the Chicago design storms. The plotting positions of the peak discharges simulated by this way show a good agreement with the distribution of both the observed peak discharges and the peak discharges simulated through the real storms.

scholarly journals The model of low impact development of a sponge airport: a case study of Beijing Daxing International Airport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Jiayi Ouyang ◽  
Lei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Removal Capacity

Abstract A sponge airport is a new concept of airport stormwater management, which can effectively relieve airport flooding and promote the usage of rainwater resources, often including the application of low impact development (LID) facilities. Although many airports in China have been chosen to implement sponge airport construction, there is a lack of quantitative evaluation on the effect of LID facilities. This paper takes Beijing Daxing International Airport as a case study and develops a comprehensive evaluation on the effect of LID facilities using the storm water management model (SWMM). The performance of four LID design scenarios with different locations and sizes of the rain barrel, the vegetative swale, the green roof, and the storage tank were analyzed. After LID, the water depth of J7 reduces from 0.6 m to 0.2 m, and duration of accumulated water reduces from 5 hours to 2.5 hours. The water depth of J17 reduces from 0.5 m to 0.1 m, and duration of accumulated water reduces from 2 hours to 15 minutes. The capacity of conduits has been greatly improved (Link 7 and Link 17). The application of LID facilities greatly improves rainwater removal capacity and effectively alleviates the waterlogging risk in the study area.

Occurrence and relative abundance of mosquitoes in stormwater retention facilities in North Carolina, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Hunt ◽  
C.S. Apperson ◽  
S.G. Kennedy ◽  
B.A. Harrison ◽  
W.G. Lord
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Retention Structures ◽  
Stormwater Retention

Throughout the 2004 mosquito season, 52 stormwater retention facilities were sampled to characterize the seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of mosquito species in relation to the structural complexity and biological diversity of the facilities. The three different types of facilities included standard wet ponds (n=20), innovative ponds (n=14), and wetland ponds (n=18). All retention structures were sampled at the beginning, middle and end of the mosquito season so that seasonal changes in mosquito production could be characterized. Overall samplings, mosquitoes were collected from 34% of the retention structures. Fourteen species representing 7 genera were collected, but only 5 species (Culex erraticus, Cx. territans, Anophelesquadrimaculatus, An. punctipennis and Uranotaenia sapphirina) were commonly collected in all three types of stormwater management facilities. In general, the seasonal prevalence and relative abundance of mosquito species did not vary among three types of retention structures. A significant association (P&lt;0.01) between the presence of mosquito larvae or pupae and the absence of mosquitofish was found for innovative and wetland stormwater retention facilities but not for standard retention facilities (P&gt;0.05).

Minimum Input Variances for Modelling Rainfall-runoff Using ANN

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Hassan ◽  
Supiah Shamsudin ◽  
Sobri Harun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the study of possible input variances for modeling the long-term runoff series using artificial neural network (ANN). ANN has the ability to derive the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a process without the physics being provided to it, and it is believed to be more flexible to be used compared to the conceptual models [1]. Data series from the Kurau River sub-catchment was applied to build the ANN networks and the model was calibrated using the input of rainfall, antecedent rainfall, temperature, antecedent temperature and antecedent runoff. In addition, the results were compared with the conceptual model, named IHACRES. The study reveal that ANN and IHACRES can simulate well for mean runoff but ANN gives a remarkable performance compared to IHACRES, if the model customizes with a good configuration.  

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