Limits of pricing policy in curtailing household water consumption under scarcity conditions

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Salman ◽  
Emad Al-Karablieh ◽  
Munther Haddadin
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Urban Water Policy

A key policy question in designing urban water policy and institutional reforms is: what should be the appropriate structure of water charges to ensure long-term sustainability of water service? This is because water pricing touches on equity and on the willingness of the consumer to pay, but more on its affordability. This study focuses on understanding the nature of household demand for water, and attempts to express the household demand functions. A panel of data of 10,564 complete observations on water bills, drawn from a household expenditure survey conducted in 2003, is used to estimate domestic water demand function. Price and other dummy variables were used in the analysis and the results discussed. Specifically, the household water demand and the per capita demand are analysed, taking into consideration such variables as marginal price, rate structure premium and level of household income. The results show that the estimated water demand is inelastic and so is the income elasticity. The effect of the findings on water policy making in regard to pricing is cited. Limitations of price effectiveness as a tool to curtail water consumption are highlighted.

Drinking water policy in the frame of the Directive 2000/60/EC with emphasis on drinking water prices

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Safarikas ◽  
N.V. Paranychianakis ◽  
O. Kotselidou ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Average Water

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, which has been transposed into the national legislation with the Law 3199/2003 (MoEPPW, 2003), will cause substantial changes in the drinking water pricing policy and the domestic water authorities involved such as the Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage (DEYA). Up to date, drinking water pricing policy has been based only on the recovery of the economic cost and in some cases neither this. Therefore, domestic water is not priced taking into account its real cost. Based on data provided by 74 DEYA representing 2.10 million inh, the average water price is estimated to be 1.19 €/m3. Analysis of these data reveals a deviation of 41.67% from the real cost. The relation of consumers with the Enterprise, but also that of management and employees, should be a bidirectional relation, in order to be comprehensible by all. Thus, an agreement that will point out that the most excellent quality of water presupposes water policy which will consider sustainability and the current requirements of the Enterprise and of course the consumers should be established between them.

KARAKTERISTIK POLA PEMAKAIAN DAN PELAYANAN AIR BERSIH DI WILAYAH USAHA PAM PT. TIRTAARTHA BUANAMULIA

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B. Suryadmaja ◽  
I N. Norken ◽  
I G.B. Sila Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Average Water

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to determine how the pattern of usage, behavior and water services in the areas of business of  PAM PT.Tirtaartha Buanamulia (PT.TB) using qualitative descriptive methods such as survey research instrument (observation) and questionnaires of 337 samples, consisting of domestic water consumption and non- domestic . The result of the analysis showed that the average water consumption in some parts of sub-district of Kuta (Kedonganan village, Tuban village and Kuta village), the business area of PAM PT. TB, amounts to 243.49 liters /person /day. Average water use in the District of South Kuta (Pecatu village, Ungasan village, Kutuh village, Benoa vilage, Tanjung Benoa village and Jimbaran village) amounts 168.01 liters/person/day. Calculation of water demand for star hotels based on the results of the study on average is 726.84 liters /room/ day and non-star hotels 43.85 liters/room/day, the need of water for the restaurant and the restaurant is based on the research of 18.85 liters/seat/day, water usage for educational facilities based on the results of the study amounted to 9.99 liters/person/day, the water requirements for health facilities based on the research needs 562.13 liters /bed/day. The amount of non- domestic water needs based on research results which was 72.69 % of the domestic water needs, is the basis for the provision of water by PAM PT. TB at this time and in the future. The analysis of the results showed that the community of water users in the area of business PAM PAM PT. TB had a good perception of the PAM service; this is evidenced by the level of customer satisfaction to achieve 73.07 % PAM services for domestic and non- domestic 100 %. This study also showed the willingness of subscribers received 10 % increase in the tariff.

scholarly journals Barriers and opportunities for behavior change in managing high water demand in water scarce Indigenous communities: an Australian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773
Author(s):  
Safaa Aldirawi ◽  
Regina Souter ◽  
Cara D. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Household Water

Abstract Managing water demand by reducing water consumption and improving water use efficiency has become essential for ensuring water security. This research aimed to identify the primary determinants of household water consumption in an Australian Indigenous community to develop evidence-based water demand management policies and strategies that might be implemented by the water service provider. A behavior change framework was applied to investigate the opportunity, ability, and motivational determinants affecting household water consumption and conservation in an Australian Indigenous community. The lack of water conservation knowledge and skills of high water users could be barriers to saving water. Low water users have positive attitudes towards water conservation and a higher level of awareness about their own water use. While there is a lack of a belief that water shortages will occur, low water users do have concerns of vulnerability to droughts, and that could be a driver for their sense of obligation to engage in water conservation practices. The research recommended communication messages and tools to address identified barriers to enabling positive changes to water use behaviors, which have wider applications in remote Australian Indigenous communities.

Economic development and residential water consumption in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fercovic ◽  
William Foster ◽  
Oscar Melo
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Residential Water

AbstractA better understanding of the relative importance of factors related to climate change and to changes associated with economic growth would serve to inform water policy and to focus scarce public resources on anticipated problems arising from distinct sources of changes in water demand. This article investigates the determinants of residential water consumption in Chile, a developing country that has seen noteworthy changes in incomes, household size, poverty rates and levels of urbanization, and which is projected to experience significant climatic but varied changes, depending on the region of the country. Panel data for 1998-2010 at the municipal level is used to analyze the sensitivity of residential water demand to climate and development-related factors. In the case of Chile, the effect on water consumption of these development-related changes is estimated to be several times that of the changes associated with climate projections for 50 to 80 years in the future.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on household water consumption patterns in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halidu Abu-Bakar ◽  
Leon Williams ◽  
Stephen H. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 lockdown has instigated significant changes in household behaviours across a variety of categories including water consumption, which in the south and east regions of England is at an all-time high. We analysed water consumption data from 11,528 households over 20 weeks from January 2020, revealing clusters of households with distinctive temporal patterns. We present a data-driven household water consumer segmentation characterising households’ unique consumption patterns and we demonstrate how the understanding of the impact of these patterns of behaviour on network demand during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown can improve the accuracy of demand forecasting. Our results highlight those groupings with the highest and lowest impact on water demand across the network, revealing a significant quantifiable change in water consumption patterns during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The implications of the study to urban water demand forecasting strategies are discussed, along with proposed future research directions.

ANN versus SARIMA models in forecasting residential water consumption in Tunisia

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maamar Sebri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
End Use ◽  
Total Water Demand

Water scarcity and increasing water demand, especially for residential end-use, are major challenges facing Tunisia. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. In the current study, quarterly time series of household water consumption in Tunisia was forecast using a comparative analysis between the traditional Box–Jenkins method and an artificial neural networks approach. In particular, an attempt was made to test the effectiveness of data preprocessing, such as detrending and deseasonalization, on the accuracy of neural networks forecasting. Results indicate that the traditional Box–Jenkins method outperforms neural networks estimated on raw, detrended, or deseasonalized data in terms of forecasting accuracy. However, forecasts provided by the neural network model estimated on combined detrended and deseasonalized data are significantly more accurate and much closer to the actual data. This model is therefore selected to forecast future household water consumption in Tunisia. Projection results suggest that by 2025, water demand for residential end-use will represent around 18% of the total water demand of the country.

scholarly journals A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Index Assessment in a Rural Community of Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10071
Author(s):  
Saret Bun ◽  
Sreymao Sek ◽  
Chantha Oeurng ◽  
Manabu Fujii ◽  
Phaly Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Groundwater Wells

To propose an efficient system for addressing water scarcity in a rural area through groundwater use, the information on water consumption and interpretation of groundwater quality are essential for estimating the optimal preparation of the comprehensive water system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the current household domestic water consumption and groundwater quality index of currently accessed wells in a small rural community of Preyveng province, Cambodia as a practical and beneficial as well as a model for the water resource sector in rural areas. The questionnaire survey was designed as the main instrument for collecting the household water use as face-to-face interviews. The result showed that the average daily water consumption in the Preal commune is about 71 L per capita, which is almost two times lower than the minimum water quantity recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), 150 L/day per capita. Moreover, 100% of the households in this commune heavily rely on groundwater wells for domestic water use and more than 50% confirmed that they used raw groundwater as drinking water without a proposer treatment system. Approximately 70% of the people in Preal wishes to have a clean water supply and more than 80% of the household had a positive willingness to pay for clean water supply. In terms of groundwater quality in the Preal commune, it is mainly contaminated by iron, arsenic, fluoride, and manganese, which are mainly associated with human health effects from daily consumption. About 75% of groundwater wells are presented in poor conditions and were unsuitable for drinking purposes. Lastly, the suitable water treatment and supply should be considered in order to reduce the effects on people’s health as well as to improve living conditions.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable communities: Socioeconomic determinants of domestic water consumption in Surakarta City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Paramita Rahayu ◽  
Erma Fitria Rini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Household Water

The gap in water consumption among urban households remains obvious in most cities in Indonesia. It is particularly the case for high-density urban areas. Dense urban areas and limited availability of water resource position water as a contested resource. Regarding water as a contested resource, this paper aims to identify the socioeconomic determinants influencing levels of water consumption in the urbanized medium-sized city, using the case of Surakarta City. Data were collected by using proportional random sampling. Valid respondents are 356 households out of 400 respondents. Respondents were proportioned according to served and not served by networked water PDAM. The data are analyzed by using multiple regression. The result shows that, with 95 percent significance level, overall, age of head of household, total monthly income, housing type, the number of water source utilized by every household, total number of people in every household, and total person work in every household have simultaneously become factors determining water consumption of households in Surakarta. The socioeconomic variables are able to explain 16 percent of the whole factors determining household water consumption in Surakarta City. Even though many factors remain unexplained, this study reveals several important factors that often cause the marginalization of certain urban communities from appropriate domestic water in a rapidly growing secondary city.

The Structure Analysis of Urban Household Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jin Xiang Fu ◽  
Wei Ran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Urban Household ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Southern City

The passage makes an analysis about water utilization structure by consulting literature and questionnaire survey. Household water consumption rose steadily and its proportion in domestic water rose from 39.8% in 1999 to 66.8% in 2008, and the flushing and bathing accounted for the largest amount of household water, its proportions is 27.1% and 26.4%. The bathing water of the southern city was wasted; it produces water-using potential. So the prevalence rate of the advanced instruments is important for using water efficiently.

Household water use: a Portuguese field study

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vieira ◽  
M. do C. Almeida ◽  
J.M. Baptista ◽  
R. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

Household water use structure can vary significantly depending on several factors like personal habits, socio-economic, cultural and climatic conditions. In the absence of Portuguese data on domestic water consumption, a field study was carried out in order to obtain information that could help support the definition of water conservation measures within the scope of the Portuguese National Program for the Efficient Use of Water. The paper describes the methodology and results obtained in this study, which involved approximately 100 participants that made a characterization of their appliances and detailed recordings of all water uses. Results allowed for the determination of average values of usage duration and frequency for each appliance, total volume consumed per water appliance and per capita water consumption. In terms of consumption structure, it was found that showering and bathing were the main components (36±13%) followed by taps (29±10%) and toilet flushing (21±7%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document