Can drip irrigation technology be socially beneficial? Evidence from Southern India

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Suresh Kumar ◽  
K. Palanisami
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
The Social

Drip irrigation has received considerable attention from policy makers because of its significant contribution towards resource saving, enhanced agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. This paper explores the potential benefits of drip irrigation adoption by addressing the social benefits and costs in Southern India. The study shows that adoption of drip irrigation technology has resulted in significant external and private benefits. The social benefit–cost ratio (SBCR) ranged from 4.33 to 5.19 at a 2% discount rate under different scenarios across regions. This confirms that a wide adoption of drip irrigation produces sufficient social benefits to justify the subsidization of drip irrigation. Water management policy should focus attention on the promotion of drip irrigation in regions where water and labour scarcity are critical.

scholarly journals Rooftop photovoltaics potential assessment：A framework to integrate technological, economic, environmental and social benefit

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Yu Ping ◽  
Zhu Yifan ◽  
Wang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
New Framework

Buildings have a significant impact on global and local energy demand and climate change. Consequently, the issue of photovoltaic (PV) potential assessment of building roofs have been extensively studied. Although studies have adopted different methods to predict the various potentials of rooftop PVs, as yet there is no understanding of a comprehensive framework for evaluating the potential of rooftop PVs. This study aims to develop a new framework to evaluate the technical, economic, environmental, and social benefits of rooftop PVs in old communities in Nanjing. The study found that the total annual electricity generation of rooftop PVs in the two districts of Nanjing was 431,136,314 KWh, which can meet about 20% of the residential electricity demand in the study area; the total electricity generation in the life cycle of 25 years was 5327909814 KWh; The economic benefit was 4.06 yuan/wp; the CO2 emission efficiency was 20.02%; the social benefit was 11.224 yuan/KWh. The results of this study will potential provide valuable reference suggestions for urban planners from the perspective of the benefits brought by rooftop PV in the two districts.

scholarly journals Distinguishing Between Private Law and Social-Security Law in Deducting Social Grants from Claims for Loss of Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
L Steynberg
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Grants

This article attempts to highlight the potential danger in applying private-law principles to social-security law in deciding whether or not social grants should be deducted from awards for damages. Typically, this issue comes to the fore where a damage-causing event, such as death, sets into motion a system that provides for the payment of social benefits, damages or both. In social-security law, the receipt of more than one social benefit is called "double dipping", whereas in private law the problem of double compensation is addressed by applying the collateral-source rule. In some instances the applicable legislation clearly prescribes the deduction or not of the social benefit, but unfortunately our legislation is not always clear on this issue and this can best be illustrated by two recent conflicting decisions in Makhuvela (SGHC) and Timis (SCA). In Makhuvela the court held that a foster-care grant should be disregarded in calculating the award for damages, inter alia because the child will never have a claim to the grant. In Timis the SCA distinguished the facts from Makhuvela and held that the child-support grants received by the mother after the father's death are directly linked to the death of the father and should therefore be deducted from her claim for loss of support. It is submitted that although the outcome of the Timis decision is correct, the court should have incorporated the means test into the process of deciding if the grant should be deducted from the compensation. A two-phase approach is suggested: first determine if the receipt of the grant is directly linked to the death of the breadwinner, and secondly determine how the grant and the subsequent settlement paid by a wrongdoer will affect the circumstances of a particular individual or family. The objectives in social-security law differ from the objectives in the law of damages and therefore the principles applied in cases of double dipping cannot be equated with those applied in cases of collateral benefits.

scholarly journals Zugang zu Sozialleistungen in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Chu Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Social

This dissertation examines the question of whether the non-systematic or non-purpose-related benefit requirements in social law are in accordance with the Constitution in Taiwan. Access to social benefits is opened when the legal requirements are fulfilled. However, not all these requirements are system-related or purpose-oriented. In such cases, access to social benefits may be restricted or even blocked. Such benefit requirements are often found in Taiwanese social law, especially foreigners are involved. In this research, the constitutionality of the social benefit requirements will be examined.

The Economy of Undocumented Migration: Taxation and Access to Welfare

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Tjernberg
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Social Welfare System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Contributions

AbstractA strict division between the formal economy and the informal economy cannot be made and every economic actor has in certain situations a propensity to engage in informal economic activities. The formal, as well as informal economy may lead to economic growth which is essential for a broad welfare policy, under which social benefits are categorized. A person’s economic contribution to a state should entail some possibility of getting economic and social benefits from it. The article shows that a person, who is liable to tax in a state, by staying in its territory, should not be excluded from the social welfare system. There is often a lack of congruence between tax liability and right to residence-based social benefits. A typical example is that of undocumented migrants. Welfare policy is to a large extent governed by a mix of rules linked to taxation, social contributions and social benefits. It could be expected that the policy be well devised, leading to well-coordinated systems. European states having a social policy with roots in a Beveridge model (such as Sweden), should be obliged to integrate undocumented migrants in their social benefit system. Regardless of any declared income they should be part of basic social benefits scheme by virtue of territoriality alone.

scholarly journals Growing Together: Community Coalescence and the Social Dimensions of Urban Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9680
Author(s):  
Charlotte Glennie
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biodiversity Maintenance

Urban sustainability is most often measured using a series of social, economic, and ecological indicators. Assessment methods for urban sustainability typically factor in the ecological dimensions of greenspace, such as biodiversity maintenance, stormwater management, and/or air quality—yet indicator schemas that consider only the ecological dimensions largely overlook the social benefits of some types of urban greenspace, particularly community gardens and orchards. This article makes the case that the process of community formation and strengthening that occurs in shared growing spaces is an important element of urban sustainability in its own right. Based on 55 interviews of community garden advocates, policy-makers, and development professionals involved in urban agriculture planning, this article traces the widespread understanding among practitioners that shared growing spaces strengthen social as well as environmental sustainability, though the social benefits are often difficult to measure. The latter concern was most frequently expressed by urban agriculture advocates who, after involvement in the political process, perceived the need for such metrics in order to communicate persuasively with planners and policy makers. The social values of shared growing spaces, at once self-evident to garden advocates and difficult for them to demonstrate with quantitative data, may be theorized by drawing on insights from sociology: A truly sustainable city requires community coalescence among diverse citizens, and such community is fostered particularly well in shared growing spaces.

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of rice production through the introduction of resource-saving technologies on the example of rice systems in Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Igor Prihodko
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Potential Area

Rice cultivation is the most resource-intensive production in the Russian agro-industrial sector. Historically, the technology of flooded rice cultivation in thу Krasnodar Territory has remained virtually unchanged for more than 90 years. This is due not only to the biological but also to the technological features of its cultivation. In this connection, the issue of optimizing the production process of rice cultivation is becoming increasingly important every year. Global experience in rice cultivation has determined a further direction of research on optimizing rice cultivation technologies, namely the development of a resource-saving technology for drip irrigation of rice. The pioneering research done by domestic scientists to test drip irrigation of rice in Russia has proved the feasibility and effectiveness of their use. This article proposes a modern resource-saving drip irrigation project for rice, which was tested in OOO “Chernoerkovskoe” in the Slavyanskiy District of the Krasnodar Territory. The authors have proved the efficiency of the proposed rice cultivation technology, resulting in the reduction of irrigation norm, material, labour, energy and technical-technological resources in rice production and crops of rice rotation. The introduction of the new technology has improved not only the biometric indicators of rice, but also the ameliorative condition of soils. Drip irrigation technology makes it possible to cultivate rice outside the rice irrigation systems on land previously used for rain-fed agriculture, which will increase not only the potential area under rice cultivation, but also the geography of rice cultivation in Russia.

Integral Space Concrete Roof Economy and Benefits Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2151-2154
Author(s):  
Ke Chao Zhao ◽  
Fuen Li ◽  
Ji Xiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefit ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Direct Construction ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Application Scope

Integral space concrete roof is an excellent roof structure, the application scope is wide. The characteristics of the structure and the construction methods get all through the experiment and the actual test, which shows the roof is superior to the traditional form. In order to validate the construction cost and how the social benefits, further researches is needed. Based on the traditional arch board roof for reference, it is researched of the construction cost, the directly benefit, the comprehensive character etc. And as a cold storage the basis, the social benefit is calculated. The results showed that the roof direct construction cost than traditional roof save about 20% ~ 45%, the social efficiency huge, for the popularization and application of the roof provides a strong basis.

THE RISE OF GREED IN EARLY ECONOMIC THOUGHT: FROM DEADLY SIN TO SOCIAL BENEFIT

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUDI VERBURG
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefit ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Three Stages

This paper discusses the historical changes in economic and ideological conditions through which greed turned from one of the deadly sins into a passion from which society derived social benefits. Adding to the perspective developed by Hirschman in hisThe Passions and the Interests, three stages are distinguished in the construction of the notion of the social utility of greed: (1) the self-sufficient community; (2) the mercantile state; and (3) commercial society. The paper relates how changing conditions led philosophers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to recognize the conditional usefulness of greed and, eventually, to build a dream on the idea of greed as instrumental in establishing the material foundation of progress in society.

scholarly journals Social Implications of the Social Media Use by Students with Disabilities at the University of Jordan: Facebook as a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Hisham A. Almakanin Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Disability Support Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disability Support ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

This study aimed to measure the benefits of using the social media website as perceived by students with disabilities at the University of Jordan. The sample consisted of 150 students with disabilities and used a 5-point Likert scale to rank the perceived benefits on a 12-item survey. On average, the students indicated that using social media websites provided a moderate level of social benefits.  In contrast, the students indicated that social media websites provided a high level of social benefit for increasing the number of new friends, deepening their relationship with others who have a disability or who are concerned with disabilities, and identifying societal attitudes toward disability and disability support services.

scholarly journals Farm-Based Environmental and Economic Impacts of the Drip Irrigation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6335-6343
Author(s):  
W. M. A. Khalifa ◽  
H. Gasmi ◽  
T. A. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
The Impact

Drip irrigation has received considerable attention from policy makers, researchers, and economists for its ability to contribute significantly improvements to water resource development, agricultural productivity, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. In this paper, the impact of drip irrigation has been studied on a farming system in terms of environmental and economic conditions using the developed Trickle Irrigation System Design Modeling (TISD). The environmental conditions included soil type, land topography, climate zones, water sources, their quality, and the farm dimensions. The economic conditions comprised of real and nominal interest rates, raw land price, and the energy and labor escalation rates. The study considered only the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to indicate the impact of environmental and economic parameters on the use of the drip irrigation system. The study used tomato-sesame as a crop rotation (line-source) and citrus as a long-life tree (point-source). Some parameters such as soil type, land topography, and water quality had a significant impact on the BCR.

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