Spatio-temporal relational evaluation of the Beijing water crisis and planning implementation from 1949 to 2013

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fu ◽  
Kongjian Yu ◽  
Dihua Li
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to a lack of evaluation of the implementation of water planning policies, based on long-term spatio-temporal analysis, this research uses Beijing as an empirical case study to bridge this gap. We analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of water problems and water planning implementations. Content analysis, cluster analysis, and spatial interpolation analysis are used to illustrate the spatio-temporal evolution of water planning implementation. In addition, a grey relational model is developed to determine the impact of the most relevant implementation objects on each water issue. The results indicate that the Beijing water crisis evolves from the center outwards in a planar expansion. However, the water plan implementation shows linear and point characteristics. The majority of implementation categories consist of single-function infrastructure. The implemented categories ‘which show a significant implementation peak’ influence more than one water issue. The categories ‘that were implemented at a steady rate’ have a high relational grade with both surface and underground water shortage problems. Different implementation types from different planning categories may have simultaneous effects on one kind of water problem. Thus, improving water governance is the key to water security in Beijing. This study may serve as a reference for future water planning in other cities.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of feline immunodeficiency virus and bovine tuberculosis co-infection in African lions

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1745) ◽  
pp. 4206-4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maas ◽  
D. F. Keet ◽  
V. P. M. G. Rutten ◽  
J. A. P. Heesterbeek ◽  
M. Nielen
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
The North ◽  
Conservation Problem ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
African Lions

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis , is a disease that was introduced relatively recently into the Kruger National Park (KNP) lion population. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV ple ) is thought to have been endemic in lions for a much longer time. In humans, co-infection between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus increases disease burden. If BTB were to reach high levels of prevalence in lions, and if similar worsening effects would exist between FIV ple and BTB as for their human equivalents, this could pose a lion conservation problem. We collected data on lions in KNP from 1993 to 2008 for spatio-temporal analysis of both FIV ple and BTB, and to assess whether a similar relationship between the two diseases exists in lions. We found that BTB prevalence in the south was higher than in the north (72 versus 19% over the total study period) and increased over time in the northern part of the KNP (0–41%). No significant spatio-temporal differences were seen for FIV ple in the study period, in agreement with the presumed endemic state of the infection. Both infections affected haematology and blood chemistry values, FIV ple in a more pronounced way than BTB. The effect of co-infection on these values, however, was always less than additive. Though a large proportion (31%) of the lions was co-infected with FIV ple and M. bovis , there was no evidence for a synergistic relation as in their human counterparts. Whether this results from different immunopathogeneses remains to be determined.

Physical factors of influence in the interactions between rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture driving the spatio-temporal evolution of drought patterns in the Ebro Basin (NE Spain).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gaona ◽  
Pere Quintana-Seguí ◽  
Maria José Escorihuela
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

<p>Droughts in the Iberian Peninsula are a natural hazard of great relevance due to their recurrence, severity and impact on multiple environmental and socioeconomic aspects. The Ebro Basin, located in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula, is particularly vulnerable to drought with consequences on agriculture, urban water supply and hydropower. This study, performed within the Project HUMID (CGL2017-85687-R), aims at evaluating the influence of the climatic, land cover and soil characteristics on the interactions between rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture anomalies which define the spatio-temporal drought patterns in the basin.</p><p>The onset, propagation and mitigation of droughts in the Iberian Peninsula is driven by anomalies of rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture, which are related by feedback processes. To test the relative importance of such anomalies, we evaluate the contribution of climatic, land-cover and geologic heterogeneity on the definition of the spatio-temporal patterns of drought. We use the Köppen-Geiger climatic classification to assess how the contrasting climatic types within the basin determine differences on drought behavior. Land-cover types that govern the partition between evaporation and transpiration are also of great interest to discern the influence of vegetation and crop types on the anomalies of evapotranspiration across the distinct regions of the basin (e.g. forested mountains vs. crop-dominated areas). The third physical characteristic whose effect on drought we investigate is the impact of soil properties on soil moisture anomalies.</p><p>The maps and time series used for the spatio-temporal analysis are based on drought indices calculated with high-resolution datasets from remote sensing (MOD16A2ET and SMOS1km) and the land-surface model SURFEX-ISBA. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the EvapoTranspiration Deficit Index (ETDI) and the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) are the three indices chosen to characterize the anomalies of the corresponding rainfall (atmospheric), evapotranspiration (atmosphere-land interface) and soil moisture (land) anomalies (components of the water balance). The comparison of the correlations of the indices (with different time lags) between contrasting regions offers insights about the impact of climate, land-cover and soil properties in the dominance, the timing of the response and memory aspects of the interactions. The high spatial and temporal resolution of remote sensing and land-surface model data allows adopting time and spatial scales suitable to investigate the influence of these physical factors with detail beyond comparison with ground-based datasets.</p><p>The spatial and temporal analysis prove useful to investigate the physical factors of influence on the anomalies between rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture. This approach facilitates the physical interpretation of the anomalies of drought indices aiming to improve the characterization of drought in heterogeneous semi-arid areas like the Ebro River Basin.</p>

scholarly journals Nepal, a multi-hazard risk country: Spatio-temporal analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Jimee ◽  
Kimiro Meguro ◽  
Amod Mani Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Active Tectonic ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Geology

Nepal, though covers small area of the earth, exposes complex geology with active tectonic processes, high peaks, sloppy terrain and climatic variation. Combination of such geo-physical and climatic conditions with existing poor socio-economic conditions, unplanned settlements, rapidly increasing population and low level of awareness has put the country in highest risk to multi-hazard events. Fires, floods, landslides and epidemics are the most frequent hazard events, which have cumulatively caused a significant loss of lives and property every year. However, due to diversity in physiographic, climatic and socio-economic conditions within the country, the type, frequency and degree of the impact of such events differs in different places. During the period of 46 years (1971-2016), an average of 2 events have been occurred causing 3 deaths/missing every day. Disaster events occurred most frequently during the months of April, July and August, while relatively lesser number of events have been reported during January, November and December. However, earthquakes have been reported in different months, regardless with the season. This paper is an effort to analyse the spatial distribution and temporal variation of disaster events in Nepal. Further it has drawn a trend of disasters occurrence in Nepal, which will help the decision makers and other stakeholders for formulating Disaster Risk Management (DRM) plan and policies on one hand and heighten citizens’ awareness of against disasters on the other.

Impact of meteorological drought on agriculture in the Tensift watershed of Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modeste Meliho ◽  
Abdellatif Khattabi ◽  
Guy Jobbins ◽  
Fathallah Sghir
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Located in the mid-west of Morocco, the Tensift watershed shelters the Takerkoust dam, which provides a part of the water used for irrigation of the N'fis agricultural area, which is an important irrigated area of the Tensift watershed. This study deals with the impact of droughts on water inflows to the Takerkoust dam and how the water shortage caused by droughts affects agricultural production in the N'Fis area. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to illustrate the temporal evolution of drought periods. The trend observed on data showed that the Tensift watershed experienced a succession of droughts and humid periods of varying intensities. Periods of drought have negatively affected water inflows to the Takerkoust dam, and therefore the amount of water allocated to agricultural irrigation. Years that experienced droughts showed a restriction of more than 50% of water volume planned for irrigation. During periods of water scarcity, farmers reduce or completely avoid irrigation of annual crops to save water for irrigation of perennial crops. The water shortage for irrigation has led in some cases to a drop of up to 100% of the surface allocated to the production of annual crops.

A FEATURE-BASED SCHEME FOR DETECTING AND CLASSIFYING VIDEO-SHOT TRANSITIONS BASED ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS AND FUZZY CLASSIFICATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1179-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-SHIANG LIN ◽  
MIN-KUAN CHANG ◽  
SHIEN-TANG CHIU
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fuzzy Classifier ◽  
Video Shot ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Shot Transitions ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we propose a feature-based scheme for detecting different genres of video shot transitions based on spatio-temporal analysis and model parameter estimation. In feature extraction, the histogram difference and its modified versions are calculated from the effectiveness of detecting cuts and reducing the impact of fleeting lights. We propose a hybrid algorithm composed of adaptive thresholding, parameter calculation, and transition duration refinement to measure model parameters. Some properties of the associated model parameters of each transition are computed as features. A feature measuring the time gap between two consecutive shots is also adopted. After feature extraction, a fuzzy classifier integrates these features to distinguish nontransitions, cuts, and dissolve-type features from one to another. Many test videos having different types of shots are used for performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only detects cuts, dissolves, and fades well, but also accurately locates the duration of each dissolve-type transition. In addition, the proposed scheme outperforms some existing methods in terms of cut and dissolve detection.

scholarly journals The Spatio-temporal Analysis of b-value in the Banda Arc, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bani Al-Rasyid ◽  
Mira Nailufar Rusman ◽  
Daniel Hamonangan ◽  
Pepen Supendi ◽  
Kartika Hajar Kirana
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
B Value ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Banda Arc ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract Banda arc is a complex tectonic structure manifests by high seismicity due to the collision of a continent and an intra-oceanic island arc. Using the relocated earthquakes data from ISC-EHB and BMKG catalogues from the time period of 1960 to 2018, we have conducted a spatial and temporal variation of b-value using the Guttenberg-Richter formula in the area. Our results show that the spatial distribution of low b-values located in the south of Ambon Island and southeast of Buru Island. On the other hand, the temporal variation of b-value shows a decrease in the northern part of the Banda sea probably high potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Therefore, further mitigation is needed to minimize the impact of earthquakes in the area.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of Romania's rural population access to sanitation services in the context of EU accession,

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Eu

This paper analysis the disparities between Romanian Counties regarding thespatio-temporal evolution of rural population acces to sanitation servicesfor pre-accession period (2003-2006) and the first two years since Romaniais part of the EU-27 (2007-2008) highlighting positive or negative changesoccurred in this period.Romanian counties were mapped and divided into fivetypological classes,using multivariate analysis such as hierarchicalcluster analysis method.Each class has different values of rural populationserved by waste collection services related to the Romania average(expressed in standard deviations).Limited access to sanitation servicesfrom rural areas lead to uncontrolled waste disposal.Despite improvement ofpublic access to sanitation services in rural areas compared to 2003 mostof population still lack access to waste collection services in 2008.Inthis context, implementation of the acquis communautaire on municipal wastemanagement is difficult to achieve in rural territory.

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