scholarly journals Liquidity: Water and Investment in Mandate Palestine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Cristina Violante
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Exclusive Property ◽  
Property Regime

In this article, I illustrate two ways in which Zionist settlers appropriated water in Mandate Palestine. The first way was through the imposition of a new kind of property regime, one that measured and defined water rights in terms of volume. This differed from customary Palestinian practice, which distributed water in time-based shares. I argue that volume-based measures made water more easily bought and sold and, by extension, more like a commodity. The second method of appropriation I detail is the granting of concessions to generate hydroelectricity to the Palestine Electric Corporation. These concessions gave the company control over three of Palestine’s major rivers, which it then turned into an object of investment for foreign shareholders. As a result, water use cannot be understood separately from electricity during the Mandate. While these two processes might appear unrelated, I argue that they were both legalized methods of exclusion that, when taken together, reveal a larger process of gradual, albeit incomplete, dispossession of water resources. While Zionist settler colonialism legitimated itself by claiming to efficiently use natural resources, such as water, in actuality, it sustained itself by imposing exclusive property rights.

scholarly journals Property Rights in Water and Social Conflict: An Example from Iceland

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kristin Haradsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
The Social

Social conflict in Iceland over property rights in natural resources has prompted a call for the introduction of a provision into the Constitution of Iceland declaring natural resources ‘the property of the nation’. The paper explores the social conflict concerning property rights in water and, based on recent proposals and recommendations for Constitutional amendments, the possible implications of such a Constitutional provision in light of existing water rights and how it accommodates the considerations raised.

scholarly journals Can Water Rights Trading Scheme Promote Regional Water Conservation in China? Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Fengping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Regional Water

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, we adopt a time-varying difference-in-differences (time-varying DID) model to estimate the impact of water rights trading scheme on regional water consumption. The results show that water rights trading can significantly promote water conservation in the pilot regions by 3.1% compared to that in the non-pilot regions, and a series of robustness tests show consistent results. Policy effects are mainly driven by improving water-use efficiency and adjusting water structure; that is, by transferring water resources from the agricultural sector to the other sectors, agricultural water efficiency is improved and water conflict among sectors is alleviated; thus, water saving is achieved. In addition, by constructing two indexes of regional water pressure and tradable water resources, our heterogeneity analysis shows that water rights trading performs better in areas with high water pressure and large tradable water resources. Under the high pressure of large water use and low water endowment, water rights trading will evidently reduce water consumption more so than in the low-pressure regions, and with water rights trading, it is hard to achieve a policy effect in regions without sufficient tradable water resources. This paper provides important policy implications for China for further promoting the water rights trading scheme in the field of resource conservation.

Comparative analysis of water rights entitlements in India and China

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Jia ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Jesper Svensson ◽  
Maitreyee Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Efficient Water Use ◽  
India And China

Water rights are widely regarded as a crucial component to enhance efficient water use and for meeting a country's water resource challenges. This article presents a framework for analyzing and comparing the similarities as well as differences of the water rights systems between India and China. The article relies on the method of document research and comparative analysis to compare general characteristics of India and China's water rights systems based on six evaluation indicators and evaluation principles. Using this analytical framework, this paper compares the implementation effects of the water rights systems in terms of the degree of meeting water resources demand, conflict-resolution means and the protection of water resources. Our findings provide insights for the reformation of the water rights systems and bring out lessons that other developing countries can learn from India and China's experiences.

scholarly journals Water rights trading: a new approach to dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts in river basins

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Gui-liang Tian ◽  
Ji-ning Liu ◽  
Xiao-yu Li ◽  
Ye-qin Li ◽  
Hao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change and increasing demand of water aggravate the frequency and intensity of trans-boundary water conflicts, which are evolving into one of the most sensitive economic and social issues in trans-boundary areas. This paper analyzes the inefficiency of traditional regional negotiation models to deal with trans-boundary water conflicts, and argues that Coase's theory of property rights is more suitable for dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts. Based on the Bayesian evolutionary game model with incomplete information of property rights, we put forward the following two ways to promote the smooth progress of water rights trading and, furthermore, resolve water resources conflicts: first, to reduce the transaction costs of the upstream and downstream regions; second, to increase utilization efficiency of water resources in the upper reaches. Finally, taking the water conflict of Dayankeng Hydropower Station as a case simulation, we give answers to the three questions: (1) under what conditions, both sides of the conflicts will choose water rights trading; (2) what is the impact of transaction costs on water rights trading, which provided a new way to solve trans-boundary water conflicts; (3) what is the improvement of welfare effects of water conflict participants because of water rights trading.

scholarly journals Perspectives of the tourism development in terms of water crisis (case study of Iran)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Local Residents

The objectives of this paper are to clarify how valuable natural resources associated with tourism industry are; to assess efficiency of the relation between water resources and sustainable development of tourism industry; to promote ecofriendly skills of visitors in order to have an interactive relationship with tourism assets; to maximize economic, social and environmental benefits for both local communities and tourists; to find out the value of Iran’s experience with tourism development with conservation of natural resources for other countries, in particular for Ukraine. Methodology. The research used statistical methods (based on the goals declared in the 20YPPT & SDP plans, Iranian population forecasts, the number of international and domestic tourists in the country is determined before 2025, the amount of water needed for the tourism sector is calculated according to statistics, the amount of available water per capita is calculated and its rate of decline is specified, the volume of water for the domestic sector and necessary for tourists is determined), the study of documents and interviews with experts within Delphi regarding the method of systematic sampling. Results. The authors calculated the predicted values of the influx of foreign and domestic tourists for the period of 2016-2025 based on goals declared in 20YPPT & SDP plans, Iranian population forecasts. Therefore, 7.8 million foreign and 51 million domestic tourists were expected in 2016, and 27.95 million and 53.5 million, respectively in 2025. The volumes of water consumption in the tourism sector are predicted in three scenarios: water use is stable and the same with local residents; water use is twice as much as that of local residents; water use is in parallel with global demand growth rates of 4-8% per year. According to the first scenario, the share of the tourism sector in water use will increase from 6.15% to 19.5%, according to the second one – from 19.1 to 69% and according to the third one – from 7.1% to 37.1%. The first scenario is defined as optimal, the second one is identified as crisis, and the third is considered. The average amount of water required for the tourism sector, taking into account unaccounted water (from 0.53 billion cubic meters in 2016 to 1.24 billion cubic meters in 2025) was also determined. Scientific novelty. In the study, based on 20YPIT and SDP plans, the volume of tourist flows in Iran was predicted, the volume of water consumption in the tourism sector in Iran was predicted in three scenarios, and a conceptual model of the consequences of unplanned water management in Iran’s tourism for 2016-2025 was developed. Practical significance. This study explains the nature of the impact of the tourism sector on water resources until 2025, determines the exact amount of water that tourists may need in these years, which makes it possible to make effective decisions by identifying weaknesses and opportunities.

PRODUKSI GULA MERAH DI RT 002 RW 002 DESA SLUMBUNG KECAMATAN NGADILUWIH KABUPATEN KEDIRI BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Karino
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Creation

Production is an activity to convert inputs into outputs through the transformation process. Input in the form of man, money, method, material, machine. While the output is in the form of goods or services. The purpose of production in general is to meet individual needs. There are several factors that influence production namely land and all economic potential that is processed and cannot be separated from the production process, labor is directly related to the demands of property rights through production, and capital, management and technology. In production there are various types of production, namely production which is intermittent and continuous. The production, if viewed from an Islamic perspective, it must fulfill the following principles. First, produce in a halal circle. Second, managing natural resources in production is interpreted as the process of creating wealth by utilizing natural resources must rely on the vision of the creation of this nature and along with the vision of human creation, namely as a blessing for all nature. Third, the Caliph on the earth is not only based on the activity of producing the usefulness of an item but work is done with the motive of benefiting to seek the pleasure of Allah SWT. Key Words: Production, Red Sugar, benefiting

A Curriculum in Soil and Water Resources for Natural Resources Science

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Groffman ◽  
William R. Wright ◽  
Arthur J. Gold ◽  
Peter V. August ◽  
Charles G. McKiel
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil And Water

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

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