Practical aspects, experiences and strategies by using UV/VIS sensors for long-term sewer monitoring

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gruber ◽  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
J. De Beneditis ◽  
M. Hochedlinger ◽  
W. Lettl
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
No Sample Preparation

An explosion-proof UV/VIS sensor has been available even in sewer systems for some years for simultaneous measurement of CODeq, filtered CODeq, TSSeq and nitrateeq. This sensor allows in-situ real-time measurements with no sampling, no sample preparation and no reagents. Three case studies are presented in this paper using this UV/VIS sensor for long-term sewer monitoring issues whereby two different installation strategies are applied. The pros and cons of both different installation solutions are compared and different calibration results during dry and wet weather conditions and long-term operational sewer monitoring experiences are given in this paper.

Continuous measurement of dissolved sulfide in sewer systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sutherland-Stacey ◽  
S. Corrie ◽  
A. Neethling ◽  
I. Johnson ◽  
O. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dissolved Sulfide ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Sulfides are particularly problematic in the sewage industry. Hydrogen sulfide causes corrosion of concrete infrastructure, is dangerous at high concentrations and is foul smelling at low concentrations. Despite the importance of sulfide monitoring there is no commercially available system to quantify sulfide in waste water. In this article we report on our use of an in situ spectrometer to quantify bisulfide in waste water and additional analysis with a pH probe to calculate total dissolved sulfide. Our results show it is possible to use existing commercially available and field proven sensors to measure sulfide to mg/l levels continuously with little operator intervention and no sample preparation.

scholarly journals Real-time in situ auto-correction of K+ interference for continuous and long-term NH4+ monitoring in wastewater using solid-state ion selective membrane (S-ISM) sensor assembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 109891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbao Wang ◽  
Zhiheng Xu ◽  
Yuankai Huang ◽  
Zheqin Dai ◽  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Selective Membrane ◽  
Sensor Assembly

Identifying Challenges and Risks Associated with the Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Feed and Botanicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694
Author(s):  
Ujwal S. Patil ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
Sean Holleran ◽  
Kristen White ◽  
Cheryl Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Changing weather conditions have heightened the risk of growth of mycotoxigenic molds on crops and various agricultural commodities. Mycotoxins, which are linked to carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in animals and humans, have been traditionally analyzed by immunoassays, gas, and LC techniques with spectrophotometric detectors. This review discusses the current techniques and challenges in commercial settings associated with the analysis of mycotoxins in unique matrices such as animal feeds, herbal products, and dietary supplements containing botanicals. Because of the advantages and growing acceptance of LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) over traditional approaches, discussion is mainly based on LC-MS/MS-based approaches. Considering the impact of sample preparation on accuracy of quantitative results, discussion about pros and cons of recently introduced sample preparation techniques is integrated with analytical methods. A section of the review explains the importance and availability of reference materials for mycotoxins. The present discussion provides good insight into the current challenges and developments during mycotoxin analysis of feed and botanicals and addresses the need for researchers in terms of an official MS-based method.

In Situ Method for Real-Time Discriminating Salmon and Rainbow Trout without Sample Preparation Using iKnife and Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (16) ◽  
pp. 4679-4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongshuai Song ◽  
Mengna Zhang ◽  
Yiqi Zhang ◽  
Haixing Wang ◽  
Shiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
In Situ Method

scholarly journals Traffic restrictions in Beijing during the Sino-African Summit 2006: aerosol size distribution and visibility compared to long-term in situ observations

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12971-12998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Cheng ◽  
J. Heintzenberg ◽  
B. Wehner ◽  
Z. J. Wu ◽  
M. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
In Situ Observations

Abstract. Based on the long-term in-situ observations of aerosol particle number size distributions and meteorological parameters, the traffic restriction measures during the Sino-African Summit (4–6 November 2006) in Beijing, China have been found to be remarkably efficient in reducing the number concentration of aerosol particles, in particular Aitken and accumulation mode particles, and in improving the visibility. The influence of traffic restriction in Beijing on the particle concentrations differed for different particle sizes. More significant effects on fine particles with diameters ranging from 40 to 800 nm have been found. Based on statistical analysis of long-term observation, under comparable weather conditions, the source strength of the particles in Aitken and accumulation modes seemingly was reduced by 40–60% when the traffic restrictions were in place. It may be mainly due to the reduction of secondary particle formation. Our size-dependent aerosol data also indicate that measures led to reductions in particulate air pollution in the optically most important diameter range, whereas further vehicle control measures may lead to an increase in ultrafine particle formation from the gas phase if the condensational sink further decreased. Assuming that there were no traffic restrictions and with normal levels of the vehicle emissions, the visibilities during the Summit would have been lower by about 50%. The importance of the restrictions is highest when the wind speed is lower than 3 m s−1. The fact that over 95% cases with visual range lower than 5 km during 2004 to 2007 occurred when the local wind speed was lower than 3 m s−1 may suggest that future traffic restrictions will lead to significant improvements of visibility in Beijing.

Long-term continuous and real-time in situ monitoring of Pb(II) toxic contaminants in wastewater using solid-state ion selective membrane (S-ISM) Pb and pH auto-correction assembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
pp. 123299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzheng Fan ◽  
Zhiheng Xu ◽  
Yuankai Huang ◽  
Tianbao Wang ◽  
Sikai Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Selective Membrane

scholarly journals A High-Resolution Open Source Platform for Building Envelope Thermal Performance Assessment Using a Wireless Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romwald Lihakanga ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Gabriela M. Medero ◽  
Samuel Chapman ◽  
George Goussetis
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Heat Flows

This paper presents an in-situ wireless sensor network (WSN) for building envelope thermal transmission analysis. The WSN is able to track heat flows in various weather conditions in real-time. The developed system focuses on long-term in-situ building material variation analysis, which cannot be readily achieved using current approaches, especially when the number of measurement hotspots is large. This paper describes the implementation of the proposed system using the heat flow method enabled through an adaptable and low-cost wireless network, validated via a laboratory experiment.

scholarly journals The International Soil Moisture Network: an open-source data hosting facility in support of meteorology and climate science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Petrakovic ◽  
Irene Himmelbauer ◽  
Daniel Aberer ◽  
Lukas Schremmer ◽  
Philippe Goryl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Federal Institute

<p>The International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN, https://ismn.earth) is international cooperation to establish and maintain a unique centralized global data hosting facility, making in-situ soil moisture data easily and freely accessible (Dorigo et al., 2021). Initiated in 2009 as a community effort through international cooperation (ESA, GEWEX, GTN-H, GCOS, TOPC, HSAF, QA4SM, C3S, etc.), the ISMN is an essential means for validating and improving global satellite soil moisture products, land surface-, climate-, and hydrological models. <br><br>The ISMN is a widely used, reliable, and consistent in-situ data source (surface and sub-surface) collected by a myriad of data organizations on a voluntary basis.  The in-situ soil moisture measurements are collected, harmonized in terms of units and sampling rates, advanced quality control is applied and the data is then stored in a database and made available online, where users can download it for free. Currently, 71 networks are participating with more than 2800 stations distributed on a global scale and a steadily increasing number of user communities. Long term time series with mainly hourly timestamps from 1952 – up to near-real-time are stored in the database, including daily near-real-time updates. Besides soil moisture in our database are stored other meteorological variables as well (air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation, snow depth, etc.).<br><br>The ISMN provides benchmark data for several operational services such as ESA CCI Soil Moisture, the Copernicus Climate Change (C3S) and Global Land Service (CGLS), and the online validation tool QA4SM. ISMN data is widely used in a variety of scientific fields (e.g., climate, water, agriculture, disasters, ecosystems, weather, biodiversity, etc).<br><br>To validate the land surface representations of meteorological forecasting models soil moisture from the ISMN has often been used. The development of various generations of TESSEL models used both in the Integrated Forecasting Systems and reanalysis products of ECMWF, greatly profited from soil moisture and temperature data from the ISMN. Using ISMN data several studies assessed the soil moisture skill of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and assessed the forecast skill or new implementations of numerical weather prediction models.<br><br>We greatly acknowledge the financial support provided by ESA through various projects: SMOSnet International Soil Moisture Network, IDEAS+, and QA4EO.<br><br>To ensure a long-term funding for the ISMN operations, several ideas were perused together with ESA. A partner for this task could be found within the International Center for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC) hosted by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG). <br><br>In this session, we want to give an overview and future outlook of the ISMN, highlighting its unique features and discuss challenges in supporting the hydrological research community in need of freely available, standardized, and quality-controlled datasets. </p>

scholarly journals Le pinson du Nord Fringilla montifringilla L.: un visiteur d'exception dans les forêts d'Ajoie durant l'hiver 2001–2002 | The brambling Fringilla montifringilla L.: a rare visitor in the forests of Ajoie in winter 2001/2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 449-445
Author(s):  
Joseph Chalverat
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Special Aspect ◽  
New Information ◽  
Positive Effect

In the winter of 2001/2002, over a period lasting 110 days, ten to twelve million bramblings (northern Eurasian finches)sought a place to sleep in the region of Villars-sur-Fontenais in Canton Jura, Switzerland. Suitable resting places in the proximity of access roads enabled a great number of ornithologists to carry out regular and numerous observations that were collected by the author in Jura's Natural Science Museum in Porrentruy. A lot of new information on the behaviour of the bramblings at their places of rest was collected, both during the day, on their return, and was also closely observed and described with regard to weather conditions and the change of season. Information was also collected on the ethology of predators. The special aspect of the article is the visit to the resting places after the departure of the bramblings. Much new knowledge was gained from this. Pseudombrophila stercofringilla,a newly discovered Ascomyzete, was actually found by its discoverer in situ. The effect was detected of uric acid,which turned the ground plants brown and destroyed fir needles from the previous year. It would be a worthwhile subject of scientific inquiry to study the effect of enrichment with fertiliser – manifest on trees and mushrooms. A regional study would make it possible to examine whether the scratching activity of the bramblings, allowing beechnuts to fall on fruitful ground, have a positive effect of regeneration of beech forests in the long term.

Real-time and long-term monitoring of phosphate using the in-situ CYCLE sensor

OCEANS 2009 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Barnard ◽  
B. Rhoades ◽  
C. Wetzel ◽  
A. Derr ◽  
J. R. V. Zaneveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring
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