scholarly journals Assessment of membrane fouling indices during removal of reactive dye from batik wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indok Nurul Hasyimah Mohd Amin ◽  
Muhamad Hafiz Muhammad Nizam
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
A Value ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Dye Rejection ◽  
Modified Fouling Index

‘Batik’ is known as one of the most popular textile industries in Malaysia, and it produces wastewater in its processing. The wastewater contains reactive dye and is released into drains as well as rivers. It could cause harm to the environment and interrupt the food chain due to the chemicals contained in it. The aim of the present study is to determine the flux performance and modified fouling index using ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) by using different membrane materials, feed concentrations and feed chemistry. The sample was obtained from Romi Batik located at Chendering Terengganu. Two UF membranes were used, with the membrane materials made from cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The permeate flux and fouling indices were investigated at the solution pH values of 3 and 7 for different concentrations. It was clearly observed that the highest percentage dye rejection and MFI-UF obtained at pH 7 using a PVDF membrane was a value of 85.3792% and 72,088 s/L2, respectively. Overall results revealed that an ultrafiltration process can be used to treat reactive dye from textiles before it is channelled into the sea or rivers, and has great potential to be commercialized as a new alternative in dye wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Reversible Pollution of Immersed Ultrafiltration Membrane in Treatment of Surface Water: Pilot Scale Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Lihua ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Liu Ruiping ◽  
Sun Wenpeng ◽  
Li Guibai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Membrane Materials

The main factors (i.e., permeate flux, mixture characteristics, and membrane materials) affecting the pollution of immersed ultrafiltration membrane (immersed-UF) during the treatment of surface water were investigated through pilot scale studies. The variation of the running pressure was used as an indicator of membrane fouling. It is indicated that the rate of running pressure increased rapidly when the actual flux exceeded the critical flux, which exhibited to be 20 L·m−2·h−1 as for the membrane used in this study. The higher concentrations of turbidity and organic matter in the mixture contributed to the more significant increase of running pressure and the more serious membrane fouling. The higher temperature could lessen the membrane fouling to a certain extent. It was observed that membrane materials showed obvious effects on membrane fouling. The running pressure of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane was lower than that of chemically-modified Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) at the same permeate flux, indicating the more promising potential of anti-pollution for PVDF membrane.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on membrane fouling during alcohol dehydrogenase immobilization in PES membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurshahira Hazwani Hamran ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Observed Rejection ◽  
Pes Membrane ◽  
Blocking Mechanism

Fouling-induced enzyme immobilization is a technique to immobilize enzyme by positively manipulating the knowledge of membrane fouling. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) was immobilized in the support layer of ultrafiltration PES membrane at different solution pH (acid, neutral and alkaline). ADH catalyses formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) and simultaneously oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+. The initial feed amount of enzyme is 3.0 mg. The objective of the study aims at the effect of different pH of feed solution during enzyme immobilization, in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The results showed that, pH 5 holds the highest enzyme loading which is 65% while pH 7 holds the lowest at 52% out of 3.0 mg as the initial enzyme feed. The permeate flux for each pH decreased with increasing cumulative permeate volume. The observed rejection is inversely correlated with the pH where increase in pH will cause a lower observed rejection. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively.

scholarly journals Zwitterion-Modified Ultrafiltration Membranes for Permian Basin Produced Water Pretreatment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjalal Babayev ◽  
Hongbo Du ◽  
Venkata S. V. Botlaguduru ◽  
Raghava R. Kommalapati
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Surface Modified

Unconventional oil and gas extraction generates large quantities of produced water (PW). Due to strict environmental regulations, it is important to recover and reuse PW. In this study, commercial polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were surface-modified with zwitterionic polymer 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) solution to alleviate membrane fouling during the ultrafiltration of shale oil PW of the Permian Basin. UF membranes were coated in l-DOPA solution by using a dip coating technique. Membrane characterization tests confirmed successful l-DOPA coating on UF membranes. While performing the experiments, permeate flux behaviors of the uncoated and coated membranes and antifouling resistance of the zwitterionic coating were evaluated. Among the coated UF membranes with varying coating times from one day to three days, the three-day coated UF membrane showed a good flux performance and the highest fouling resistance. The flux reduced by 38.4% for the uncoated membrane, while the reduction was 16% for the three-day coated membrane after the 5 h ultrafiltration of PW. Both improvements of the flux performance and recovery ratio are attributed to a negatively-charged surface developed on the membranes after the zwitterionic coating. The UF pretreatment also improved the flux behavior of the later forward osmosis (FO) process for PW treatment.

scholarly journals Enhanced Removal of Organic Pollutants and Reactive Dye in Polyethersulfone Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (PES-SMBR) for Textile Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Tukaram P. Chavan ◽  
Ganpat B. More ◽  
Sanjaykumar R. Thorat
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

The present investigation was carried out to assess the operation of a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) for the treatment of reactive dye and textile wastewater. The operation of SMBR model was conducted by using a polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fibre membrane with continuous flow mode at different HRTs at 8, 6 and 4 h, for 90 days. During the entire operation, the average permeate flux, TMP, F/M ratio and OLR was found to be 19 (L/m²/h), 2.6 (psi), 0.10 (g BOD/(g MLSS•d) and 0.89 (kg BOD/m³.d), respectively. The variations in the permeate flux, TMP, F/M ratio and OLR have not adversely effects on the operation of the SMBR model. Throughout the entire operation, despite the TP, TDS and conductivity, the high amount of COD (82%), BOD (86%), NO3-N (79%), TSS (98%), turbidity (97%) and colour (79%), removal was achieved. The permeate flux was declined by membrane fouling and it was recovered by chemical cleaning as well as regular backwashing during the entire operation. The results obtained from the study concluded that the hollow fibre ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane shows good performance while treating textile wastewater along with reactive dye solution.

scholarly journals Deduction of Surfactants Effect on Performance, Morphology, Thermal and Molecular Properties of Polymeric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Based Ultrafiltration Membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari ◽  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Che Wan Insyirah Che Wan Takwa ◽  
Sabariah Rozali
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Surfactant Material ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Pore Properties ◽  
Triton X

In membrane making, surfactant material is one of the effective strategies to produce membrane / thin film with optimal and specific properties. This paper addressed the effect of Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Triton X-100 and Tween 80 as additives for the making of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The fabricated membranes were analysed in the aspect of performance, morphological structures, thermal properties and molecular orientation. Analysis results showed that the surfactant additives enhanced the membrane performance and properties. Surprisingly, the addition of 2 wt% surfactant increased the permeate flux of bovine serum albumin (BSA) up to 78.14 L/m2h compared to membrane without surfactant with flux at only 2.74 L/m2h. In addition, the role of surfactants on membrane pores and pore properties of PVDF UF membranes were examined. The cross-sectional morphological structures showed that these surfactants led towards the formation of macro-voids and finger-like structures as well as a spongy layer. The surfactants additives also improved the membrane pores and pore properties which reflect to the protein rejection up to 85 % and 78 % of BSA and egg albumin (EA), respectively. Moreover, analysis on the thermal features found that SDS, Triton X-100 and Tween 80 promoted better thermal stability and significantly fine molecular alignment which provided the versatility for the membrane to be used for any applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Membrane Properties on Pineapple Wine Clarification and Fouling Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Youravong ◽  
M. Phukdeekhong ◽  
P. Taksinpatanapong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and hydrophobicity on the quality of clarified pineapple wine and fouling characteristics, using stirred cell dead–end microfiltration. The test membranes were mixed cellulose acetate (MCE, pore size 0.45 and 0.22 μm), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (MPVDF, 0.22 μm) and polyethersulfone (PESF, 0.22 μm). It was found that all types of membrane successfully clarified the pineapple wine. The membrane pore size and hydrophobicity played an importance role in membrane fouling, both reversible and irreversible. Regarding the permeate flux and fouling, 0.45 μm MCE was the most suitable for pineapple wine clarification. However, intensive organoleptic test with pilot scale would be needed.

Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Water Filtration Using Piezoelectrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Aronu ◽  
Harvey Abramowitz ◽  
Agbai George Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Piezoelectric Crystals ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Fouling Reduction

Abstract The clogging of filtration membrane by particles otherwise known as fouling is a major concern in membrane filtration technology due to severe flux reduction associated with it, which results to the reduction of membrane lifespan, reduced system performance and increased process and operating costs in industries that utilize membrane in their production process. This is because the cleaning or replacement of the fouled membrane requires production to be interrupted for the cleaning process or the entire system to be shut down for the replacement process to take place, leading to great loses to the industries involved. Many approaches have been devised over the years through research to tackle this problem, some of which not only undermine the performance of the filtration membrane but also contribute to great loses to industries that apply them. Cheaper and more efficient means of fouling control remains the key to salvaging this problem. This work proposes a water filtration system in which piezoelectric crystals attached at strategic points on a tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane are used to increase flux and delay the clogging of the pores of the filtration membrane by particles during water filtration. Filtration tests with mud solution show that the membrane vibrated with piezoelectrics reduced the clogging of the pores and increased permeate flux of the filtration process as compared with the case where the membrane was not vibrated with piezoelectrics, suggesting that vibrating the system with piezoelectrics is a good fouling reduction method that can be used in fluid separation processes. To optimize the permeate flux production of the system and fouling reduction, the anti-fouling effects of the piezoelectric crystals on the membrane surface is investigated through experiments together with the effects of voltage application, positioning and placement distance of the piezoelectrics and some other variables involved in this work.

Modeling of the fouling of inside-out hollow fiber UF membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Danxi Huang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Meng ◽  
Yongtao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Blocking Coefficient ◽  
Inside Out

Membrane processes often experience a decline in the permeate flux or an increase in the operating pressure from membrane fouling. A mathematical model that describes the fouling of inside-out hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was derived from hydrodynamic equations coupled with the theory of depth filtration. The correlation predictions obtained in this study are simpler, as the effect of membrane characteristics, water recovery, and membrane washing processes on UF membrane fouling were expressed using a single parameter: the membrane blocking coefficient. Membrane filtration tests were conducted using diluted paper industry wastewater in a constant-pressure and constant-current operational mode. The effects of different operating conditions, such as water recovery and cleaning methods, and membrane characteristics, on the membrane blocking coefficient were evaluated. The predictive capability of the proposed model was excellent, according to a comparison of the experimental results and model simulations.

scholarly journals Characterization on Performance, Morphologies and Molecular Properties of Dual-Surfactants Based Polyvinylidene Fluoride Ultrafiltration Membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Che Wan Insyirah Che Wan Takwa ◽  
Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari ◽  
Sabariah Rozali ◽  
Nor Azirah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Triton X

This paper addressed the pioneering work on the effects of dual surfactants component on the performance, morphologies and molecular properties of polyvinylidene fluoride/polyether glycol (PVDF/PEG 200) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The PVDF surfactant membranes were prepared via dry/wet via phase inversion technique with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/Tween 80 and Triton X-100/Tween 80 into polymer solution. Experimental data revealed that the dual surfactants improved the membrane performance up to 120.84 L/m2 × h and 82 % of permeate flux and rejection of bovine serum albumin, respectively. In addition, 2 wt% of dual surfactants alsofound to induce the growth of fine finger-like and macro-voids cavities inside the membranes while the FTIR spectra proved that the existence of dual surfactants in PVDF membranes produced better molecular alignment which contributed significantly towards better flux and good rejection. In conclusion, the used of dual surfactants in the PVDF ultrafiltration membranes improved the performance-properties of the membranes and extending the possibly versatile for the membrane to be used for more applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of polymer membranes by contact angle goniometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Kertész ◽  
T. B. De Freitas ◽  
Cecília Hodúr
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Sample ◽  
Uf Membranes

The wider applications of all membrane separation processes have a main obstacle, namely the fouling phenomena, which have to be understood in more details. Surface properties, hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of a polymer membrane can be determined by measuring the contact angle. The hydrophilicity of a membrane has an important influence on its performances, like permeate flux, membrane rejection or membrane fouling characteristics. In our work the contact angles of three kinds of typically commercial ultrafiltration (UF-PES-4), nanofiltration (NE-90) and reverse osmosis (LFC-30) membranes were firstly investigated and compared by contact angle goniometer measurements. The relationships between the contact angles were researched by well considering the effects of membrane sample pretreatments by distilled water prewetting and water droplet volume. Furthermore, the effects of prewetting, water droplet contact time on different molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration membranes’ surface and droplet pH on the contact angle values were also investigated. Moreover, fresh, clean and dry, as well as pretreated, and fouled UF membranes were also measured and compared.

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