The effect of winter flood irrigation with saline water on groundwater in a typical irrigation area

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Yujiang He ◽  
Wenjing Lin ◽  
Guiling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Winter Flood

Flood irrigation in the winter has been widely applied in northwest China for several years, but little attention has been paid to the flood irrigation program to date. In order to seek a reasonable irrigation quota, a flood irrigation experiment using two common quotas (1,800 and 1,200 m3 ha−1) was conducted in an area irrigated by saline water in the Nanjiang basin with shallow groundwater. Soil electrical conductivity in six treatments irrigated by saline water, with various salinity backgrounds, was investigated using Hydra and DDS-307 before and after flood irrigation. The results indicate that the quota of 12,00 m3 ha−1 was small enough to prevent soil salt from leaching out of the root zone. Although the quota of 1,800 m3 ha−1 may guarantee regular plant growth in the following year, it resulted in at least 267.2 g m−2 of salt entering the shallow groundwater. Therefore, flood irrigation had an important and profound effect on plants, soil environment, and shallow groundwater. The quota of flood irrigation in winter should be determined cautiously according to the hydraulic characteristics and salt background of the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Bypass-Flow on Leaching of Salts in a Cracking Soil in the Nile Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Hassan Mohamed Fahmy Abd El Baki
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Bypass Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Difference

Salinity is a major threat to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Leaching is the primary measure for removing excess salts from the root zone, but not all water applied to the soil surface contributes to the removal of salts. In clayey soils, bypass flow along cracks can occur without being mixed with saline pore water in the matrix. To present a field dataset to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of bypass flow to the leaching of salts, soil sampling and monitoring of groundwater and discharge from a tile drain were carried out in farmland having a cracking soil in the Nile Delta. The electrical conductivities of 1:2 extracts were measured to evaluate the salinity of the soil. The first evidence for the occurrence of significant bypass flow through cracks was the salinity of the pore water, which was nearly triple that of the shallow groundwater and outflow from drainage. Second, the difference in root zone salinity before and after paddy rice cultivation was not significant. Third, the gradient of the groundwater table was very small. in spite of the low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Fourth, the salinity of the outflow from the tile drain dropped just after irrigation or rain. These results indicated that bypass flow through cracks played a significant role in the drainage process in the soil, and that nearly half of the water bypasses through cracks in the field with a cracking soil.

Assessing shallow groundwater level using RTI model and long-term MODIS data in Ejina Basin, Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayou Luo ◽  
Xingping Wen ◽  
Junlong Xu ◽  
Haonan Zhang ◽  
SIHAPANYA Vongphet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Ejina Basin ◽  
Rti Model ◽  
Shallow Groundwater Level

RESPONSES OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER SYSTEM TO DIFFERENT WATER-SAVING PRACTICES IN TYPICAL IRRIGATION AREA IN NORTHWEST CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583-1592
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Fu ◽  
Fenggang Dai ◽  
Huanjie Cai ◽  
Jianqiang He
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Shallow Groundwater System

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Southern Part of the Yellow River Alluvial Plain (Zhongwei Section), Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyue Li ◽  
Jianhua Wu ◽  
Hui Qian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mineralized Water

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">Statistical analyses, a Piper diagram, the saturation index and the correlations of chemical parameters were used to reveal the hydrogeochemistry and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in the southern part of the Zhongwei section of the Yellow River alluvial plain. The water quality for agricultural and domestic uses was also assessed in the study. The results suggest that the shallow groundwater in the study area is fresh to moderately mineralized water. Higher Ca<sup>2+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> are observed in the less mineralized water, whereas Na<sup>+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> are common ions in the highly mineralized water. The major hydrochemical facies for groundwater with total dissolved solids (TDS) &lt;1 g/L are HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca·Mg and HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca·Na·Mg, and for groundwater with TDS &gt; 1 g/L, SO<sub>4</sub>·Cl-Na and SO<sub>4</sub>·Cl-Na·Mg·Ca are the predominant hydrochemical types. The main reactions in the groundwater system are the dissolution/precipitation of gypsum, fluorite, halite, calcite and dolomite. Cation exchange is also important in controlling the groundwater chemistry. The water samples assessed in the paper are of acceptable quality for agricultural use, but most of them are not fit for direct human consumption (drinking). TDS, total hardness (TH), Cl<sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> are the main indices that result in the poor drinking water quality.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Análisis estadísticos, un diagrama de Piper, el índice de saturación y la correlación de los parámetros químicos fueron utilizados para revelar la hidrogeoquímica y la evolución hidrogeoquímica de las aguas subterráneas poco profundas en la parte sur de la sección Zhongwei en la planicie aluvial del río Amarillo. La calidad del agua para el uso doméstico y agrícola también fue evaluada en este estudio. Los resultados sugieren que las aguas subterráneas poco profundas en el área de estudio son entre frescas y moderadamente mineralizadas. Un índice mayor de Ca2+ y HCO3- se observó en las aguas menos mineralizadas, mientras que Na+ y SO42- son iones comunes en las aguas altamente mineralizadas. Los perfiles hidroquímicos predominantes para las aguas subterráneas con Total de Sólidos Disueltos (TDS) &lt;1 g/L son HCO3-Ca·Mg y HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg, y para las aguas subterráneas con TDS &gt;1 g/L, SO4·Cl-Na y SO4·Cl-Na·Mg·Ca. Las mayores reacciones en el sistema de aguas subterráneas son la disolución/ precipitación de yeso, fluorita, halita, calcita y dolomita. El intercambio de cationes también es importante en el control de la química de las aguas subterráneas. Las muestras de agua evaluadas en este manuscrito son de calidad aceptable para el uso agrícola, pero la mayoría no son aptas para el consumo humano. El índice TDS, la dureza total del agua (TH), Cl- y SO42- son las razones principales que influyen en la baja calidad de esta agua.</p>

scholarly journals Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet ◽  
Guang-Hui Lv ◽  
Abdugheni Abliz ◽  
Qing-Dong Shi ◽  
Abdulla Abliz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Risk Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational

Irrigation salinity is a common environmental threat for sustainable development in the Keriya Oasis, arid Northwest China. It is mainly caused by unreasonable land management and excessive irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess and map the salinity risk distribution by developing a composite risk index (CRI) for seventeen risk parameters from traditional and scientific fields, based on maximizing deviation method and analytic hierarchy process, the grey relational analysis and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) sustainability framework. The results demonstrated that the northern part of the Shewol and Yeghebagh village has a very high salinity risk, which might be caused by flat and low terrain, high subsoil total soluble salt, high groundwater salinity and shallow groundwater depth. In contrast, the southern part of the Oasis has a low risk of salinity because of high elevation, proper drainage conditions and a suitable groundwater table. This achievement has shown that southern parts of the Oasis are suitable for irrigation agriculture; for the northern area, there is no economically feasible solution but other areas at higher risk can be restored by artificial measures. Therefore, this study provides policy makers with baseline data for restoring the soil salinity within the Oasis.

Effect of irrigation with saline water on soil water-salt dynamics and maize yield in Arid Northwest China

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Shaoyuan Feng ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Arid Northwest China

scholarly journals Integrating partial root-zone drying and saline water irrigation to sustain sunflower production in freshwater-scarce regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106094
Author(s):  
Moazam Khaleghi ◽  
Farzad Hassanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Karandish ◽  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Sunflower Production

scholarly journals Quality Assessments of Shallow Groundwaters for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: Insights from a Case Study (Jinta Basin, Heihe Drainage Area, Northwest China)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Minghao He ◽  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Evaporative Concentration ◽  
Major Factors

This study aimed to determine the hydrochemical characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes of shallow groundwater in the Jinta Basin, northwest China, and to evaluate the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking water and agricultural irrigation. A systematic hydrogeological survey was conducted in the study area from May 2017 to October 2018, during which 123 representative samples of groundwater were selected for analysis of chemical parameters and determination of the water quality index. The results showed that the pH of groundwater in the study area was weakly alkaline and ranged between 7.21–8.93. Dominant cations were Mg2+ and Na+ and the dominant anion was SO42−. Along the groundwater flow from the southwest to northeast, the dominant groundwater chemistry type in the recharge area was Mg-HCO3·SO4. After the transition of the groundwater types in the runoff area to Mg-SO4·HCO3 and Mg·Na-SO4, the groundwater type in the discharge area evolved into Na·Mg-SO4·Cl. The major factors driving the evolution of groundwater chemical types in the Jinta Basin were found to be rock weathering, evaporation and precipitation. The chemical components of groundwater mainly originated from the dissolution of silicate rock and evaporative concentration of salt under water-rock interaction, whereas the dissolution of carbonate had little influence. The quality of drinking water was divided into five groups, and 39.84% of samples fell within the high and good quality groups. The quality of agricultural irrigation water was divided into different grades according to different methods.

Evolutionary process of saline groundwater influenced by palaeo-seawater trapped in coastal deltas: A case study in Luanhe River Delta, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhang Dang ◽  
Maosheng Gao ◽  
Zhang Wen ◽  
Guohua Hou
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Lagoon Environment

&lt;p&gt;Coastal aquifers provide fresh drinking water to over 20% of the world&amp;#8217;s population. In recent times, they have come under immense pressure due to salinization. This study aims to investigate the origin of groundwater salinity and elucidate the major&amp;#160;processes&amp;#160;controlling&amp;#160;shallow&amp;#160;groundwater&amp;#160;(depth of 0~50m) evolution in the Luanhe River Delta since&amp;#160;the Holocene. Rapid increase in Electric Conductivity (EC) profile was observed in the area, as such, based on the vertical distribution of EC and&amp;#160;sedimentary history, shallow groundwater was generalized into two zones&amp;#160;for analysis: the groundwater&amp;#160;in Holocene stratum (HSG) and groundwater in Late Pleistocene stratum&amp;#160;(PSG). The isotopic (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O, &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C) analyses showed that the HSG is recharged by modern surface water, while the PSG having enriched isotopic values could have been recharged during a warmer Holocene transgression period. The hydrochemistry analyses demonstrated that seawater is the major source of salinity in groundwater and overtime a series of geochemical processes (mineral weathering and/or cation exchange) modified the chemistry of the groundwater. The combined use of Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/sup&gt;and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&amp;#160;yielded four classes of groundwater (fresh water, brackish water, saline water and brine), while the mixing phenomena between fresh water and seawater was identified to be the main evolutionary process of the shallow groundwater. To improve understanding of evolution of multiple groundwater types in a spatial context, a conceptual model was developed integrating the results derived from the presented study in a vertical cross-section. The conceptual model shows that the residual seawater mixes with freshwater from surface recharge at the shallow aquifer of the delta plain where the lagoon environment provides salinity concentration conditions for the formation of hyper-saline water. Due to&amp;#160;the precipitation and accumulation of the salinity from hyper-saline water, some brine might form&amp;#160;formed in late Pleistocene continental stratum.&lt;/p&gt;

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