Sludge Melting Process with Hazardous Asbestos Wastes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2029-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakai ◽  
H. Takatsuki ◽  
M. Hiraoka ◽  
T. Tsunemi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Plant Experiment ◽  
By Products ◽  
Temperature Melting

Sewage sludge melting has been developed and operated in full-scale plants for sludge processing and utilization of the by-products as construction materials. Hazardous asbestos wastes should be disposed of properly so not to lead to environmental pollution. The co-melting process for sewage sludge and asbestos wastes is discussed based on the basic melting behavior of asbestos and the laboratory plant experiment. Microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that asbestos forms could be changed physically and chemically by the high temperature melting. The disappearance of asbestos fibrous forms and chemical changes of its composition in the melted slag are not always concluded to be non-toxic, but considering that the melted slag is a rock-like material with high strength, the melting is acceptable as a method of hazardous asbestos waste disposal. Laboratory scale experiments have been conducted on co-melting disposal of sprayed-on chrysotile asbestos waste and a mixture of lime-added and polymer-added sewage sludge. It was possible to maintain the temperatures around 1600 °C and to discharge slag smoothly. It is also expected that asbestos cement wastes will contribute to the adjustment materials of basicity (CaO/SiO2) in the polymer-added sludge melting.

The behavior of ash components in the sludge melting process

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunekazu Fukui ◽  
Tadahiro Murakami ◽  
Muneharu Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Heating Up

The Coke-bed sludge melting process is used for incinerating sewage sludge and producing slag that is recycled as construction materials. The behavior of ash exiting the melting furnace was examined. Heating tests were carried out with different kinds of sludge. Heating from 600°C to 1200°C, weight reduction of around 30% was measured, but reduction rate was due to the kind of sludge. Weight reduction was big when heating up to 815°C, and reduction at a temperature over 815°C was due to the type of sludge. Main materials causing weight reduction were unburnt carbon (C) and some other elements like sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), some metals like sodium (Na), potassium (K) and oxygen (O) released from some kinds of oxides. Even though very small quantity, zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were also vaporized. Some of these vaporized substances precipitate and produce fine particle dust at the low-temperature section of gas treatment facilities. Washing harmless salts out from the dust then recycling the dewatered dust in the melting furnace was found to be effective in maximizing slag recovery and reducing the precipitator load.

Effects of high temperature melting on the porosity and microstructure of slags from domestic sewage sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Abu-Kaddourah ◽  
A. Idris ◽  
M. J. Noor ◽  
F. R. Ahmadun
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
By Products ◽  
Temperature Melting

Sewage treatment plant sludges continue to pose great problems in terms of volume, odour and method of disposal. Thermal treatment of sewage sludge is considered as an attractive method in reducing sludge volume, which at the same time produces reusable by-products. Studies on high temperature melting of sewage sludge, above 1200°C, show promising results where by stable and inert by-products are produced. This paper presents a part of a big project on thermal treatment of sewage sludge, carried out in University of Putra Malaysia, this part highlights the changes in the microstructure of domestic sewage sludge when subjected to different meltingprocedures; heating temperature, cooling rate, and holding time. The heating temperatures ranged between 1250°C–550°C, and the rate of cooling was between 2.5°C–10°C per minute. Using XRD analyses, itwas found that the melted slags were amorphous despite the different melting procedures applied. The SEM microphotographs indicated that some crystallization had occurred under the melting procedures; 1350°C with a cooling rate of 5°C per minute and a holding time of 45 minutes, 1400°C with a cooling rate of 2.5°C per minute and holding time of 45 minutes, and 1400°C with a cooling rate of 5°C per minute and without holding time.

scholarly journals Application of sewage sludge for the production of construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 05025
Author(s):  
Aneta Czechowska-Kosacka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents the studies pertaining to sewage sludges and their mixtures with fly ash to be used as an additive for the manufacturing of construction materials. The studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction. The form and morphology of samples as well as the chemical composition in the micro-area were determined using a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using sewage sludges for construction purposes. In the produced mixtures, an increase in the content of anhydrite and rock-forming calcite was noted in relation to the sludge. Production of the construction materials should be preceded with additional strength tests of the obtained product in order to determined the percentage of waste material addition.

scholarly journals Analytical Behaviour of Coconut Coir Roofing Sheet

2021 ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Jayachandran K ◽  
Senthil Kumar. V
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Coconut Coir ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Impact

In world wide the ever increasing population in most developing countries and the corresponding increase in demands and need for infrastructural development, there is an urgent need to focus attention on low-cost alternative construction materials. Lignocellulosic fibers from green coconut fruit were dried under suitable conditions. After this, mixture of phenol cardanol formaldehyde resin and hardener are added to the fiber for binding purpose. Then it is impacted and compressed between two corrugated sheets, in order to obtain the shape of the roofing sheets, for 12 hours. After 12 hours of drying, it is then subjected to various tests such as tensile test, flexural test, impact test, compression test, and hardness test. The results are tabulated in order to compare it with GI sheet and asbestos cement sheet. This coconut coir roof sheet can be replace the former roofing sheets because of its durability, high strength, heat resistivity and low cost which i have been collected data from literature survey. The choose of this alternative is based on economic interest because it is very cheap, available with good mechanical properties, and also based on environmental interest because it is eco friendly. Thus this review paper addresses the characterization and performance of the coconut coir roofing sheet.

scholarly journals A Novel Ziegler–Natta-Type Catalytic System—TiCl4/2,2′-Dimethoxy-1,1′-Binaphthalene/Et3Al2Cl3/Bu2Mg for Production of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nascent Reactor Powders, Suitable for Solvent-Free Processing

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Serenko ◽  
Mikhail Buzin ◽  
Vladislav Tuskaev ◽  
Svetlana Gagieva ◽  
Nikolay Kolosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures

A series of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes with viscosity-average molecular weights in the range of 1.6–5.6 × 106 have been prepared by using a novel Ziegler–Natta-type catalytic system—TiCl4/2,2′-dimethoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene/Et3Al2Cl3/Bu2Mg at different temperatures (Tpoly) in the range between 10 and 70 °C in toluene. The morphology of the nascent reactor powders has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the DSC melting behavior. Polymers are suitable for the modern processing methods—the solvent-free solid-state formation of super high-strength (tensile strength over 1.8–2.5 GPa) and high-modulus (elastic modulus up to 136 GPa) oriented film tapes. With decrease of Tpoly, the drawability of the reactor powders increased significantly.

Sewage Sludge Melting Process: Preliminary System Design and Full-Scale Plant Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakai ◽  
M. Hiraoka ◽  
N. Takeda ◽  
T. Tsunemi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Ash Disposal

A sewage sludge melting process has been developed and some full-scale planls have been installed or are now under construction in Japan. Sludge melting process has its main advantages in that most sorts of hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, are tightly fixed in solid phase and the slag produced by this process can be used as construction materials. This article analyzes sludge treatment and disposal costs of the popular sludge treatment alternatives with emphasis on thermal processes, especially the sludge melting process. From preliminary system designs on a common design basis, relative energy requirements and total treatment & disposal costs were compared. As a result of cost analysis in terms of the annual treatment cost, it was revealed that the lime conditioning systems cost some 50% more than the polymer conditioning, that in a comparison between the incineration and the melting systems the treatment cost differed when the difference in energy cost was significant, and that in the anaerobic digestion systems the superiority in energy balance did not contribute to treatment cost reduction. Even if as one of the cost conditions to introduce the melting system in place of the incineration system, the ash disposal price is set as low as 5,000 yen/t, the coke melting system is still advantageous in the lime conditioning. Further, it turned out that in the polymer conditioning systems it was possible to establish cost conditions to introduce the melting system when the incinerated ash disposal price, the melting process coke ratio and the coke price took certain values.

LESCALLOY 300M VAC ARC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
High Hardenability ◽  
Ingot Structure

Abstract LESCALLOY 300M VAC ARC is a low-alloy steel with an excellent combination of high hardenability and high strength coupled with good ductility and good toughness. Its tensile strength ranges from 280,000 to 300,000 psi. It is produced by the vacuum consumable electrode melting process to provide optimum cleanliness and preferred ingot structure. Its applications include aircraft components, pressure vessels and fasteners. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-321. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company. Originally published March 1976, revised February 1993.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Estimation of Energy Saving for Melting Process on Sewage Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
K. Sasabe ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
T. Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Very High

The possible volume reduction and stabilization of the sewage sludge associated with the melting process are expected to be greater than with the incineration process. In addition, melted slag can be utilized. However, since the melting process requires a very high temperature to melt inorganics (ash) in the sludge, the technologies to minimize energy consumption, to establish system operation and to prolong durability of facilities should be developed. This paper discusses the auxiliary fuel consumption as follows.(1)Preparation of a model that provides the auxiliary fuel consumption of the melting system on the basis of the mass and heat balances.(2)Evaluation of the auxiliary fuel consumption in the above model using the cake moisture content, the volatile solids of the cake, the dried cake moisture content and the melting temperature as parameters.(3)Examination of the operational conditions for an energy saving melting system based on the results of (1) and (2) above.

Effect of High Strength Food Wastes on Anaerobic Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-326
Author(s):  
R Vaidya ◽  
G.D Boardman ◽  
J.T Novaka ◽  
R Wimmer ◽  
M Hannac
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Food Wastes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document