The Option to Discharge Industrial or Sewage Effluent to the Marine Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. M. Botes ◽  
K. S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Views And Perceptions ◽  
Economic Considerations

The utilisation of the ocean for the disposal of domestic or industrial waste is a controversial subject with different views and perceptions by the public, the scientific community and developers. With extensive developments, increased stresses are exerted on the coastal zone areas. Disposal of wastes will have effect on the environment (land, atmosphere or ocean) and it is the responsibility of the scientific community and the authorities to minimise detrimental effects to the environment. The ocean as a disposal medium is an inappropriate medium to dispose of persistent toxic materials, however, the assimilative capacity of the sea is enormous for certain substances providing:Impact assessments to determine the influence of disposal to the marine environment should be compared to similar assessments of the environment to be influenced by alternative disposal options.Social and economic considerations should also form an integral part of such an assessment.Water quality criteria should be clearly defined and scientifically sound to provide the basis for the design of outfalls as well as for monitoring the short and long-term impacts.Authorised control and effective legislation should be available to enforce quality requirements and remedial actions to be taken.

scholarly journals Dengue in the South-eastern region of Brazil: historical analysis and epidemiology

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Serufo ◽  
Andréa Marcia Souza ◽  
Valéria Aparecida Tavares ◽  
Marcos Cézar Jammal ◽  
Josimar Gerônimo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Unexplained Fever ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sera Samples

The aim of the study is an historical analysis of the work undertaken by the Public Health organizations dedicated to the combat of the Aedes aegypti, as well as an epidemiolocal study of persons with unexplained fever, with a view to evaluating the ocurrence of dengue within the population. The Mac-Elisa, Gac-Elisa, hemaglutination inhibition, isolation and typage tests were used. Organophosphate intoxication in agricultural workers was also assessed by measuring concentrations of serie cholinesterase. A sera samples of 2,094 were collected in 23 towns, and the type 1 dengue virus was detected in 17 towns and autochthony was confirmed in 12 of them. The cholinesterase was measured in 2,391 sera samples of which 53 cases had abnormal levels. Poisoning was confirmed in 3 cases. Results reveal an epidemic the gravity of which was not officially know. The relationshipe between levels of IgM and IgG antibodies indicates the outbreak tendency. The widespread distribution of the vector is troubling because of the possibility of the urbanization of wild yellow fever, whereas the absence of A. aegypti in 2 towns with autochthony suggests the existence of another vector. Since there is no vaccine against dengue, the combat of the vector is the most efficient measure for preventing outbreaks. The eradication of the vector depends on government decisions which depend, for their execution, on the organization of the Health System and the propagation of information concerning the prevention of the disease using all possible means because short and long term results depend on the education and the active participation of the entire population.

scholarly journals Crédito consignado: segmentos e efeitos econômicos

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-810
Author(s):  
Angélica Pott de Medeiros ◽  
Giulia Xisto de Oliveira ◽  
Reisoli Bender Filho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vector Estimation

Resumo: O cenário de instabilidade política, a recessão econômica e as mudanças nas regras de concessão de crédito pautaram o objetivo de examinar o relacionamento do crédito consignado, por segmento de concessão, com variáveis macroeconômicas, caso do consumo, da produção industrial e do produto agregado, na última década (2007-2017). Os resultados foram obtidos por meio da estimação do vetor de correção de erros, funções de impulso-resposta e decomposição da variância, possibilitando a análise das relações de curto e de longo prazo entre as séries temporais e indicaram que as diferentes modalidades do crédito consignado implicam efeitos distintos sobre as variáveis econômicas em curto prazo. O segmento de aposentados e pensionistas impacta positivamente ambas as variáveis analisadas, com destaque para os bens de consumo das famílias. Já a concessão ao setor privado, embora represente a menor parcela do crédito consignado concedido, mostrou elevada sensibilidade a alterações na oferta dessa modalidade de crédito, enquanto que o crédito ao setor público, de maior participação, apresentou efeitos reduzidos e de curta duração.Palavras-chave: Crédito consignado. Segmentos. Economia brasileira. Payroll loans: segments and economic effects Abstract: The environment of political instability, economic recession and changes in the rules of granting credit were guiders to aim to examine the payroll loans relationship, by concession segment, with macroeconomic variables, case of consumption, industrial production and aggregate product, in the last decade (2007-2017). The results obtained by error correction vector estimation, and functions of impulse-response and variance decomposition, making it possible to analyze the short- and long-term relationships between the time series and indicated that the different modalities of payroll loans imply different effects on economic short-term variables. With retirees and pensioners segment positively impact on both analyzed variables, highlighting the household consumption goods. The concession to the private sector, although it represents the smallest portion of payroll loans granted, it showed high sensitivity to the changes of this modality. About credit to the public sector, which has the biggest portion, it showed reduced and short-term effects.Keywords: Payroll loans. Segments. Brazilian economy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the grounding of the MV Rena in New Zealand, 5 October, 2011

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McLean
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
Volunteer Time

The grounding of the general cargo vessel MV Rena near Tauranga Harbor in October 2011 was New Zealand’s worst environmental disaster. The ship hit an offshore reef, creating hazardous salvage conditions,and the consequent spill of 350 tonnes of fuel oil affected 50 km of coastline and many islands. Many containers fell overboard, creating hazards for other shipping, requiring additional salvage resources, and introducing toxins to the marine environment that are still washing up six years later. The community responded to the disaster by flocking to the beaches and cleaning up the oil by hand, giving well over 20,000 hours of volunteer time. Short- and long-term environmental consequences for wildlife and the inshore marine environment are reviewed, along with the effects on the local economy, the political context and the management response. There were significant economic effects during the summer immediately following the event, but the clean-up appears to have been remarkably successful. While the above-water superstructure of the ship was removed, much of the (broken-up) hull remains on or close to the reef today. The final (legal) decision on the removal of the wreck has enabled abandonment of the wreck. There appear to be few, if any, long-term wider environmental effects although elevated levels of some contaminants are still measurable close to the wreck in 2017.

scholarly journals Resolution of Meeting the Public Coordinating Council for the Study on Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccination in Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Editorial Article
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regular Meeting ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Planning Approaches ◽  
Coordinating Council

In December 2014 the Scientific Center of Children's Health held a regular meeting of the Coordinating Council for the public study of pneumococcal infections and vaccination in Russia. The meeting was devoted to the beginning of the vaccination of children against pneumococcal disease in the National Immunization Schedule (November 2014) and planning approaches to assessing the results of vaccination in the short and long term.

scholarly journals PENGUNGKAPAN ANTI KORUPSI DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN: STUDI KASUS PERUSAHAAN TERDAFTAR DI INDEKS SRI KEHATI

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nina Karina Karim ◽  
A Animah ◽  
Elin Erlina Sasanti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Market Distortion ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Corporate Customers ◽  
Disclosure Practice

Corruption within the corporation has become an important issue in the academic and public debate. The negative consequences caused by companies that engage in corruption are enormous, such as market distortion and incentives, resource allocation inefficiencies, as well as the increased of poverty and social inequality. Companies have the opportunity through a corporate responsibility (CSR) to prevent the problem of corruption. As important as labor, human and environmental rights, corruption mitigation is an important aspect in promoting CSR. CSR can be profitable in sales revenue and market share by improving the perception of ethical corporate customers. However, with the involvement of corruption, it can reduce the confidence of investors and the public against the company which may result in reduced financial performance. The purpose of this study is to determine empirically the correlation of anti-corruption disclosure reported by the companies listed in the Sri Kehati Index and FTSEGoods Bursa Malaysia Index on their financial performance, both the short and long term. The results showed that only the whistle blowing policies were fully disclosed by all companies in the sample of this study. The results also show that the disclosure of anti-corruption has significant influence on the company's profitability only in the long term for companies registered in Sri Kehati Indonesia index. As for the sample of companies registered in Malaysia FTSEGoods Index, the results showed that the disclosure of anti-corruption affect the company's financial performance both in the short term and in the long term. This implies that investors were responding to the anti corruption issues disclosed by the companies and companies should keep the disclosure practice in the future. Keywords: anti-corruption, corporate social responsibility, disclosure, financial performance.

scholarly journals UPAYA POLISI AIRUD DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TERJADINYA TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL FISHING DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN TANJUNGBALAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Lamhot Gurning ◽  
Mangasa Manurung ◽  
H. Bachtiar Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Illegal fishing is an act that is very detrimental to a nation and state. The impact will be seen in the short and long term. The government makes handling illegal fishing crimes a very serious concern. This study aims to determine the forms of illegal fishing, AIRUD Police efforts in overcoming and knowing the inhibiting factors of illegal fishing in Tanjungbalai waters. Descriptive analytical research means trying to collect, study, analyze, and describe the illegal fishing countermeasures. The results showed the forms of illegal fishing in Tanjungbalai, namely the use of fishing gear that is in conflict with the laws and regulations (trawl pull). The efforts of AIRUD Police in tackling the occurrence of illegal fishing in the waters of Tanjungbalai are preventive and repressive efforts. Preventive efforts aimed at increasing the intensity of the socialization of laws and regulations to the public, and increasing patrols in waters according to the scope of duties of the Air Force Police Tanjungbalai. Refressive efforts, namely describing decisive action against illegal fishing perpetrators so that it provides a deterrent effect and then provides direction so as not to do the same thing over and over again. The obstacles of AIRUD Police in tackling illegal fishing are the lack of personnel, and the fishermen's HR which are still relatively low, the completeness of facilities and supporting facilities that are still limited in increasing routine patrols in carrying out the tasks of supervision, protection and protecting the special community of fishermen in the waters.

scholarly journals GERAKAN ANAK HEBAT DENGAN EDUKASI HAND HYGIENE DAN JAJANAN SEHAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dyah Rahmawatie Ratna Budi Utami ◽  
Siti Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Positive Results

Great kids need to have healthy behaviors. Instinctively children love snack and more interested in snacks with various color and taste. Ironically these days children's snacks become a problem that needs the attention of the public, because the snacks are at risk of contamination by biological or chemical contaminants that can interfere with health, both short and long term. The purpose of community service is to improve the knowledge and skills in hand washing and choosing healthy snacks. This devotional activity is conducted one day in the form of an interactive discussion with the material about choosing healthy snacks, demonstrations and redemontration handwashing way. Based on observations during community service activities, some positive results were obtained, such as: 1). The participants are enthusiastic about the material 2). The participants were active in the question and answer session and half more enthusiastic participants demonstrated hand washing. The result is the improvement of knowledge and skill of participants related to choosing healthy snacks and hand washing. The conclusion of this activity is education with interactive discussion, demonstration and redemonstration able to improve the knowledge and skill of children about hand washing and choosing healthy snacks.

Altmetric scores: short-term popularity or long-term scientific importance

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Starbuck ◽  
Sharon Purtee
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The University

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a three-year case study of the extent with which altmetrics compare to traditional metrics in certain subject areas for selected departments at the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine (COM). Design/methodology/approachA three-year analysis of peer-reviewed papers and invited editorials from 2009 to 2013 written by tenure-track faculty from 20 COM departments was done to explore what subject areas received the highest altmetric scores. Research output was searched in PubMed; articles were quantified by subject area, times cited in Scopus, and its altmetric score over each of three successive years. FindingsThe topics of the highest scored altmetric papers (n = 40) sample focused on stroke, obesity, and diabetes for all three years. Analysis of high initial altmetric scores over the course of the three years shifted from a possible predictor of future impact in the second year to no indicator of long-term interest in the scientific community as the public interest waned over time. Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used Scopus Times Cited and Altmetrics.com to gather data. Originality/valueInitially assessed a total of 3,678 unique publications and worked with the 40 highest altmetric scores in subsequent years. Data showed that subjects of interest to the public receive the highest altmetric scores and the topic areas did not change over the course of the study. These initially high altmetric scores do not indicate long-term interest by the scientific community.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dedek Kumara
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Strategy Process ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Depth Interviews

Penelitian ini ingin melihat lebih jauh bagaimana perpustakaan daerah dapat meningkatkan pelayanannya terhadap masyarakat melalui pengembangan rencana strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan; (2) mengidentifikasi rumusan strategi berbasis analisis SWOT bagi perencanaan strategis jangka pendek dan jangka panjang Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan; dan (3) menganalisis proses strategi Perpustakaan Daerah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Model dan metode peneltian ini bersifat deskriptif-kualitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan bersifat induktif, mengacu pada Miles & Huberman model. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan lingkungan eksternal dilakukan dengan cara memberi kesempatan kepada masyarakat untuk mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan tentang perpustakaan, meningkatkan jumlah pengguna, dan menjadikan perpustakaan sebagai pusat informasi bagi masyarakat. Sedangkan pengembangan lingkungan internal dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan pelayanan perpustakaan, optimalisasi perawatan koleksi, dan memberikan formasi yang sesuai pada SDM yang ada. Adapun strategi intensif dapat dilakukan melalui penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar, dan pengembangan produk, sementara strategi alternatif dapat dilakukan dengan menambah tenaga pustakawan perpustakaan. This research would like to see further how regional libraries can improve their services to the public through the development of strategic plans. This study aims to: (1) know the internal and external environmental conditions of South Tangerang City Regional Library; (2) identify the strategy formulation based on SWOT analysis for short and long term strategic planning of South Tangerang City Regional Library; and (3) analyzing the strategy process of South Tangerang City Regional Library. Model and method of this research is descriptivequalitative. The data analysis method used is inductive, referring to Miles & Huberman model. Data collection techniques used were participative observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the development of the external environment is pursued by providing opportunities for the community to follow education and training about the library, increasing the number of users, and make the library as the information center for the community. While the development of the internal environment is pursued by improving library services, optimization of collection maintenance, and provide appropriate formation on existing human resources. The intensive strategy can be done through market penetration, market development, and product development, while alternative strategies can be done by adding librarians.

Learning about Conspiracy Theories

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

The triple disaster of the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor meltdowns that struck Japan in March 2011 led to the release of massive amounts of radioactive isotopes into the environment. My research and that of other professionals in the international scientific community demonstrates that the short- and long-term impacts of these releases on environmental and human health will be difficult to detect. Most of the public response to my work on the Fukushima disaster has been positive. However, a vocal minority, enamored of conspiracy theories, responded with personal threats, accusations of scientific fraud, and attacks on my professional and personal integrity.

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