Monitoring of the Santos Submarine Outfall, São Paulo, Brazil, 10 Years in Operation

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Berzin
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Minimal Extension ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Operational Data

This summary is based on several reports accompanying the performance of the Emissary in operation since 1979 that are analyzed together with the operational data of the Preconditioning Station of Santos Sewer, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The choice of the pre-treatment system and the emissary was made due to the regional absence of areas ample enough to install a complete conventional sewage treatment plant and to the fact that the economical studies showed the advantage of the construction of an outfall sewer taking into account the difference in cost between primary and secondary treatment of waste. The efficiency of the dimension of the minimal extension adopted is verified for the various trajectories of the maritime currents and their predominant cycles. The principal physical, chemical and biological parameters were collected from 14,309 analyses of the last four campaigns (1976, 1979, 1982 and 1986). They are analyzed together, permitting the verification of the efficiency of the oceanic sewage disposal. The results of the campaigns generate recommendations and conclusions, contributing with details for future projects and also permitting other countries of the Americas to evaluate and compare the operational performance of their emissaries.

Use of lime for the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Güldner ◽  
W. Hegemann ◽  
N. Peschen ◽  
K. Sölter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
German States ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
First Results ◽  
Pre Treatment

The integration of the chemical precipitation unit which would inject a lime solution into a series of mechanical-biological processes, including nitrification/denitrification, and the sludge treatment are the subject of this project. The essential target is the large-scale reconstruction of a mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant with insufficient cleaning performance in the new German states and the adjustment of the precipitation stage to the unsteady inflow of sewage. First results indicate that the pre-treatment performance could be improved by ≅ 20% and the discharge of concentrations of COD, BOD, N and P could be reduced and homogenized. In addition, experiments on hydrolysis and acidifiability of the pre-treatment sludge have been carried out on a laboratory level with the object of making sources of carbon readily available for denitrification. In the course of the experiment, inhibition of fatty acid production by calcareous primary sludge could not be detected. The characteristics of the sludge, such as draining and thickening were considerably improved by the adding of lime.

Innovative Water Treatment Design for Turning Wastewater Treatment Effluent Into Boiler Makeup Water

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Castro ◽  
R. Peter Stasis
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Pinellas County ◽  
Pre Treatment

The Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility (PCRRF) is a 3,150 tons per day mass burn facility located in Pinellas Park, Florida. Due to local water use restrictions and increasing costs for potable water supplies in central Florida, Pinellas County has continuously sought to reduce potable water usage at its facilities. The PCRRF’s boiler makeup water system represented a prime target. Accordingly, a makeup water pre-treatment system using reclaimed water from a sewage treatment plant as its source, has been installed upstream of the existing reverse osmosis membrane and mixed bed polishing demineralizers. The pre-treatment system consists of a micro-filtration module, followed by a reverse osmosis module, which results in an overall configuration of micro-filtration, two stage reverse osmosis, and polishing demineralization. The system has been operational for approximately six months, and is producing excellent quality makeup water for the facility boilers. This paper will describe the pre-treatment process and its operational results to date.

The Feasibility of Tubular Reverse Osmosis for Water Reclamation on a Large Scale

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Slim ◽  
D. G. Devey ◽  
J. W. Vail
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Pre Treatment

The City of Port Elizabeth designed its main sewage treatment works with water reclamation in mind and, as the reverse osmosis process, in earlier pilot plant investigations, had shown promise in its ability to produce potable water from a sewage works tertiary effluent, a full scale tubular reverse osmosis (RO) plant was installed and operated for about 12 000 hours. The investigation showed that, although renovated water of high quality can consistently be produced under normal sewage treatment plant operating conditions, using existing plant operating personnel, frequent mechanical and instrument failures indicated the need for more reliable equipment. Feed flow to the plant averaged 25 475 1/hr with a product recovery rate of 67.5%. A 13% reduction in peak standard flux occurred, indicating that membrane fouling could be controlled within acceptable limits even though the feed received no pre-treatment other than rapid sand filtration and chlorination. No abnormal degradation of the membrane was indicated. The results obtained indicated that chemically the product was of good potable quality with the possible exception of the levels of ammoniacal nitrogen, phenols and organic pollution indicators. Bacteriological quality of the product was not satisfactory but this could easily be rectified by the provision of adequate post disinfection. Daphnia pulex toxicity tests indicated that the RO product was on occasion undesirable for human consumption. The total cost of the RO product was R l.86/kl. Although the tubular RO process has great potential for producing potable water from a tertiary sewage effluent without pre-treatment, a further stage of post-treatment is probably necessary to remove micro-pollutants.

Behaviour of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a sewage treatment plant of northwest Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carballa ◽  
F. Omil ◽  
J.M. Lema ◽  
M. Llompart ◽  
C. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Natural Estrogens ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Acidic Compounds

Thirteen pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds have been surveyed along the different units of a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) to study their fate across each step and the overall removal efficiency. The STP studied corresponds to a population of approximately 100,000 inhabitants located in Galicia (northwest Spain), including three main sections: pre-treatment (coarse and fine screening, grit and fat removal); primary treatment (sedimentation tanks); and secondary treatment (conventional activated sludge). Among all the substances considered (galaxolide, tonalide, carbamazepine, diazepam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, estrone, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, roxitromycin, sulfamethoxazole and iopromide), only significant concentrations were found for two musks (galaxolide and tonalide), two antiphlogistics (ibuprofen and naproxen), two natural estrogens (estrone, estradiol), one antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole) and the X-ray contrast media (iopromide), being the other compounds below the quantification level. In the primary treatment, only the fragrances were partly removed, with efficiencies of 20–50% for galaxolide and tonalide. However, the aerobic treatment caused an important reduction in all compounds detected, between 35 and 75%, with the exception of iopromide. The overall removal efficiency of the STP ranged between 70 and 90% for the fragrances, 45 and 70% for the acidic compounds, around 67% for estradiol and 57% for the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.

scholarly journals Commercial operation of the biogas cogeneration set with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Adam DUŻYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Operational Data

The paper discusses three years commercial operation to date of the Biogas Cogeneration Set driven with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine, which has been operating in the WARTA S.A. Sewage Treatment Plant of Czestochowa since the end of December 2008. The analysis covered the CHP Sets operation and shutdown times, number of start-ups and availability, electric energy and heat generation, and average hourly electric and thermal load; the Sewage Treatment Plants electric energy and heat balance and the degree of coverage of its electric energy and heat demand by its own production; the unit biogas consumption by the CHP Set; the service work carried out on, and failures of the CHP Set; and the economic effects gained from the operation of the Set. The study is a continuation of the authors previous publications [3, 6, 7, 8] and, jointly with them, constitutes a unique compendium of knowledge for future operators of CHP biogas sets in the form of a collection of actual operational data for one of the most representative biogas cogeneration sets operated in domestic sewage plants in terms of electric power (approx. 0.8 MW).

scholarly journals Análise da qualidade das águas e do estado trófico de cursos hídricos afluentes ao reservatório do Lobo, Itirapina, São Paulo, Brasil.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Phelipe Silva Anjinho ◽  
Gabriela Leite Neves ◽  
Mariana Abibi Guimarães Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Frederico Fabio Mauad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
São Paulo

As atividades humanas realizadas para promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social alteram a quantidade e a qualidade das águas. A análise da qualidade dos ecossistemas aquáticos é importante para compreender o estado de conservação dos recursos hídricos e identificar áreas prioritárias à gestão das águas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a qualidade das águas e o estado trófico de cursos hídricos afluentes ao reservatório do Lobo, localizados na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão do Lobo (BHRL), situada na região centro-leste do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos da água em 10 pontos de coleta distribuídos entre o rio Itaqueri, ribeirão do Lobo e córrego Água Branca. Os parâmetros foram analisados em duas campanhas realizadas em 2018, uma no período seco, nos meses de junho/julho, e outra no período chuvoso no mês de novembro. Os resultados dos parâmetros de qualidade da água foram comparados aos valores de referência estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 para rios classe 2. A análise dos parâmetros de qualidade da água mostra que alguns trechos dos cursos hídricos analisados não estão em conformidade com os padrões de referência estabelecidos pela Resolução. Os trechos mais críticos ocorrem no córrego Água Branca, a jusante da cidade de Itirapina, que recebe os efluentes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Itirapina, e nas regiões de nascentes do rio Itaqueri e ribeirão do Lobo, provavelmente devido às atividades agropecuárias que ocorrem no local. Analysis of water quality and trophic state of tributaries of the Lobo reservoir, Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil A B S T R A C TAnthropic activities performed to promote economic and social development alter the quantity and quality of water. Analysis of aquatic ecosystems quality is important to understand the state of water resources conservation and to identify priority areas for water management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality and trophic state of watercourses that flow into the Lobo reservoir, located in the Lobo Stream Drainage Basin (LSDB), located in the east region of the state of São Paulo. For this, physical and chemical water parameters were analyzed in 10 sampling points distributed in the Itaqueri river, Lobo stream and Água Branca stream. The parameters were analyzed in two campaigns carried out in 2018, one in the dry period, in June and July, and another in the rainy period, in November. The results of the water quality parameters were compared with the reference values established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 for class 2 rivers. The results show that some sections of the analyzed watercourses do not comply with the reference standards established by the Resolution. The most critical sections occur in the Água Branca stream, downstream the city of Itirapina, which receives the effluents from the Itirapina sewage treatment plant, and in the headwaters of the Itaqueri river and Lobo streams, due to the agricultural activities that occur in this region.Keywords: water resources, water quality, Itaqueri river, Lobo reservoir, trophic state.

scholarly journals Steroid estrogens in primary and tertiary wastewater treatment plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Braga ◽  
G.A. Smythe ◽  
A.I. Schafer ◽  
A.J. Feitz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Natural Estrogens ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Steroid Estrogens

The concentrations of two natural estrogens (estrone (E1) and Estradiol (E2)) and one synthetic progestin (Ethinylestradiol (EE2)) were measured for different unit operations in an advanced sewage treatment plant and in a large coastal enhanced primary sewage treatment plant. The average influent concentration to both plants was similar: 55 and 53ng/L for E1 and 22 and 12ng/L for E2 for the advanced and enhanced primary STPs, respectively. The activated sludge process at the advanced STP removed up to 85% and 96% of E1 and E2, respectively. The enhanced primary sewage treatment plant was mostly ineffective at removing the steroids with only 14% of E1 and 5% of E2 being removed during the treatment process. EE2 was not been detected during the study period in the influent or effluent of either STP. The difference in the observed removal between the two plants is primarily linked to plant performance but the extent to which removal of steroid estrogens is due to bacterial metabolism (i.e. the advanced STP) rather than adsorption to the bacterial biomass remains unclear. The poor removal observed for the coastal enhanced primary STP may have implications for the receiving environment in terms of a greater potential for abnormal reproductive systems in marine animals, particularly if discharges are into large bays or harbours where flushing is limited.

Earthquake Impact on the Sewage Treatment Plant and Emergency Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5076-5079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Wang ◽  
Ai Min Fu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Sewage treatment plant from the pre-treatment unit, biological treatment unit, sludge processing units and related facilities for the earthquake discussed the impact of disasters on the wastewater treatment plant, gives the corresponding contingency measures. Made the transition phase of the wastewater treatment measures in order to provide domestic wastewater treatment plant to develop preventive measures earthquake reference.

Life Cycle Assessment of an intensive sewage treatment plant in Barcelona (Spain) with focus on energy aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bravo ◽  
I. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Energy Aspects

Life Cycle Assessment was used to evaluate environmental impacts associated to a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Barcelona Metropolitan Area, with a treatment capacity of 2 million population equivalent, focussing on energy aspects and resources consumption. The wastewater line includes conventional pre-treatment, primary settler, activated sludge with nitrogen removal, and tertiary treatment; and the sludge line consists of thickening, anaerobic digestion, cogeneration, dewatering and thermal drying. Real site data were preferably included in the inventory. Environmental impacts of the resulting impact categories were determined by the CLM 2 baseline method. According to the results, the combustion of natural gas in the cogeneration engine is responsible for the main impact on Climate Change and Depletion of Abiotic Resources, while the combustion of biogas in the cogeneration unit accounts for a minor part. The results suggest that the environmental performance of the WWTP would be enhanced by increasing biogas production through improved anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

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